Mothers In Intervention Group Research Articles

Mobile-based peer-led theoretically-designed intervention on continued breastfeeding among Iranian mothers

BackgroundThis study addresses the determination of educational intervention—based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)—effectiveness on continued breastfeeding among Iranian mothers attending health centers, considering low researchers’ attention to the continued breastfeeding index despite its important impact on children’s health.MethodsThe present study was conducted among 230 mothers with exclusively breastfed infant (115 in the intervention group and 115 in the control group). Sampling starts with randomly selecting 12 health centers among all health centers in Karaj, Alborz province, and allocating them randomly into two equal groups of intervention and control. A study-specific questionnaire, designed in alignment with TPB, was the primary data collection tool. The intervention group received peer education, and optional additional education through a social network. Data were collected in 4 stages, including before the intervention, immediately, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and Independent t-test, Chi-square RMANOVA, ANCOVA, Cochran and McNemar tests.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the mean scores of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control constructs in the intervention group and a significant decrease of those constructs was observed in the control group (p < 0.05). There was an improvement in the mean score of breastfeeding continuation behavior among intervention group mothers after intervention exposure but it was not significant (p > 0.05). There was also a significant decrease in breastfeeding and an increase in the usage of powdered milk in mothers of the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt was concluded that educational interventions based on TPB by using peer group and social network can promote the behavior of continued breastfeeding. This theoretical framework can act as a road map for future development of educational interventions targeting breastfeeding continuation.

Assessment of early neonatal practices to prevent hypothermia ; A comparative study.

Globally, neonatal deaths are significantly attributed to hypothermia. This is mostly because of its co-morbidity with asphyxia, premature birth and severe neonatal infections. Worldwide, neonatal hypothermia case fatality rates (CFRs) range from 8.5% to 52%. This study aimed to assess how well a video-based training intervention on mothers' knowledge and practices in preventing neonatal hypothermia worked. The knowledge and practices of two groups of primi-para mothers-one control group and one intervention group-were compared in order to achieve this. A total of 124 primipara mothers took part in the research. Using a video based tool, the intervention group was educated about preventing hypothermia in newborns. Both control and intervention group mothers were interviewed to compare the knowledge and practices. Sixty-one of the sixty-two mothers in the control group were unsure of which body area to cover in order to preserve the baby's body heat. Following the intervention, 61 out of 62 mothers in the group recognised which body part to cover to protect the baby's body heat. In the post-intervention group, 98.4% of moms wore a cap over their baby's head, compared to just 35.5% in the control group. The results of this study demonstrate the significant improvement in mothers' knowledge and actions about the prevention of neonatal hypothermia resulting from the use of a video-based training tool.

Assessment of early neonatal practices to prevent hypothermia ; A comparative study

Background Globally, neonatal deaths are significantly attributed to hypothermia. This is mostly because of its co-morbidity with asphyxia, premature birth and severe neonatal infections. Worldwide, neonatal hypothermia case fatality rates (CFRs) range from 8.5% to 52%. This study aimed to assess how well a video-based training intervention on mothers’ knowledge and practices in preventing neonatal hypothermia worked. Methods The knowledge and practices of two groups of primi-para mothers—one control group and one intervention group—were compared in order to achieve this. A total of 124 primipara mothers took part in the research. Using a video based tool, the intervention group was educated about preventing hypothermia in newborns. Both control and intervention group mothers were interviewed to compare the knowledge and practices. Results Sixty-one of the sixty-two mothers in the control group were unsure of which body area to cover in order to preserve the baby’s body heat. Following the intervention, 61 out of 62 mothers in the group recognised which body part to cover to protect the baby’s body heat. In the post-intervention group, 98.4% of moms wore a cap over their baby’s head, compared to just 35.5% in the control group. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate the significant improvement in mothers’ knowledge and actions about the prevention of neonatal hypothermia resulting from the use of a video-based training tool.

The effect of live-performed music therapy with physical contact in preterm infants on parental perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels.

Parents of preterm infants face a stressful life event which might have long term impact on the parent-child relation as well as on the infant's cognitive and socio-emotional development. Both music therapy (MT) and physical contact (PC) are stress-reducing interventions for parents and preterm infants on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Meanwhile, especially close PC is considered as standard care (SC) in most NICUs. However, the effect of live performed MT with PC on parental perceived stress and cortisol levels has barely been investigated. We hypothesized that MT with PC leads to reduced stress levels and lower salivary cortisol concentrations compared to SC in parents of preterm infants during the first 4 weeks after birth. Randomized-controlled trial enrolling the parents of 99 preterm infants (MT n = 50, SC n = 49 infants). The infants received either MT with PC or SC only. Perceived stress was measured with the perceived stress questionnaire 20 (PSQ-20) after birth and 4 weeks later. Salivary cortisol levels were obtained and measured weekly after birth for 4 weeks. Forty-two mothers and eight fathers of the intervention group (MT with PC) as well as n = 43 mothers and n = 6 fathers of the control group (SC) were enrolled. For the intervention group, salivary cortisol was reduced 4 weeks after birth [mothers 5.5 nmol/l (confidence interval (CI) 3.6-7.5); fathers 8.3 (CI 7.2-9.4)] compared to the control group [mothers 10.3 nmol/l (CI 5.4-15.3); fathers 14.8 (CI 8.9-20.7)]. Overall perceived stress scores decreased in the intervention group (mothers -17.6; fathers -12.6) and increased in the control group (mothers +6.1; fathers +21.4) over 4 weeks. Live-performed MT with PC in preterm infants might be an effective, non-invasive intervention to reduce parental stress and cortisol levels. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of this intervention on the parent-infant relation as well as on the infants' cognitive and socio-emotional development. https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00025755 identifier [DRKS00025755].

Effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise with postural advice on improving quality of life among pregnant mothers in bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPelvic floor muscle exercise has gained recognition as a valuable adjunct for promoting maternal well-being and optimizing childbirth outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise in enhancing the likelihood of improving quality of life pregnant mothers in Bangladesh.Methods/DesignThis was a randomized controlled trial in which 66 pregnant womenwere divided into control and intervention groups. The control group received conventional treatment, while the intervention group received the Pelvic Floor Muscles Exercise program with a posture explaining booklet. Both groups received supervised 30-min sessions five days a week for six weeks. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire measured pregnancy health and quality of life. Both descriptive (median and inter quartile range, IQR) and inferential statistics (Mann–whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed- ranked test) used to analyse the data by SPSS 25.0 software with 95% Confidence interval.ResultsThe intervention group mothers averaged gestional age was 32.4 (31.7 to 35.2) weeks, while the control group averaged 32.7 (32.3 to 36.2) weeks. According to the intergroup analysis, both groups had significantly improved health-related quality of life (p < 0.05). According to the intragroup analysis, participants who received pelvic floor muscle exercise with postural advice had better outcomes than did those who received only usual care with postural advice (p < 0.05).ConclusionPelvic floor muscle exercise may improve quality of life and the risk of vaginal birth. Healthcare professionals should include pelvic floor muscle exercises in standard prenatal care to help expectant mothers achieve positive childbirth and reduce postnatal problems.Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India: (CTRI/2023/10/059091) (Date: 25/10/2023).

Assessment of early neonatal practices to prevent hypothermia ; A comparative study

Background Globally, neonatal deaths are significantly attributed to hypothermia. This is mostly because of its co-morbidity with asphyxia, premature birth and severe neonatal infections. Worldwide, neonatal hypothermia case fatality rates (CFRs) range from 8.5% to 52%. This study aimed to assess how well a video-based training intervention on mothers’ knowledge and practices in preventing neonatal hypothermia worked. Methods The knowledge and practices of two groups of primi-para mothers—one control group and one intervention group—were compared in order to achieve this. A total of 124 primipara mothers took part in the research. Using a video based tool, the intervention group was educated about preventing hypothermia in newborns. Both control and intervention group mothers were interviewed to compare the knowledge and practices. Results Sixty-one of the sixty-two mothers in the control group were unsure of which body area to cover in order to preserve the baby’s body heat. Following the intervention, 61 out of 62 mothers in the group recognised which body part to cover to protect the baby’s body heat. In the post-intervention group, 98.4% of moms wore a cap over their baby’s head, compared to just 35.5% in the control group. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate the significant improvement in mothers’ knowledge and actions about the prevention of neonatal hypothermia resulting from the use of a video-based training tool.

Effectiveness of Lactation Counseling on Lactation Outcome among Primipara Mothers: A Pilot Study

Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization encourages initiation of breastfeeding soon after birth, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months, and continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age. Material and Methods This pilot study was done on 30 primiparous women between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation. Mothers of intervention group were given lactation counseling using a module and a demo before delivery and face-to-face counseling for 3 days, whereas mothers of control group received routine care. Immediate initiation of breastfeeding and lactation outcome was measured using structured validated tools. Results Significant difference was found at the initiation of breastfeeding between the groups (t = 8.529; p &lt; 0.001) and in the lactation outcome, which was observed by the infant breastfeeding observation tool on the third day (Z = –4.269), fourth day (Z = –4.681), and fifth day (Z = –4.667) at p &lt; 0.001 level. None of the babies of mothers who received lactation counseling and immediate initiation of breastfeeding had exaggerated jaundice whereas 53.33% of infants in the control group (group 1) developed exaggerated jaundice within the first 48 hours. All the babies of the intervention group were on EBF up to 6 months whereas only 46.66% of infants of the control group had EBF for the first 3 months and 40% in the 4th month and 20% in 5th and 6th month. Conclusion Our research supports the need of lactation counseling for better initiation of breastfeeding and lactation.

Peningkatan Imunitas Ibu Nifas Melalui Senyawa Flavonoid Hasil Ekstraksi Lemon (Citrus Limon) Menggunakan Teknologi Ultrasound Assisted Extraction

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the extraction of lemon liquid (citrus limon) using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) technology against increasing the immunity of puerperal mothers. The method used is true experiment with randomized pretest and posttest with control group design. The results showed that the average increase in immunity of postpartum mothers in the pretest intervention group was 264.66 and posttest was 328.16 while in the control group the average result of increasing immunity was 208.76 and posttest was 137.05. The conclusion of giving the results of the extraction of lemon liquid (citrus limon) using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) technology at a dose of 7grams / 175ml given for 14 days was proven to have an effect on increasing the immunity of postpartum mothers with a p value of &lt;0.05. Keywords : Immunity, Mother Puerperium, Flavonoid Compounds, Lemon Extraction, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE).

Maternal singing reduced pain indexes in 2-month-old infants and increased proximity during vaccinations.

Immunisation is a global health priority, but methods of non-pharmacological pain relief are not widely used in routine clinical practice. In this study, we set out to investigate the effects of maternal singing during the routine vaccination of infants. We recruited 67 mother-infant pairs at Health Centres in the Aosta Region of Italy. Infants aged 2-4 months were randomly allocated to a singing intervention group or to a control group whose injections were administered following standard practice. Pre- and post-immunisation pain was blindly assessed using the Modified Behavioural Pain Scale, and mother-infant proximity indexes were assigned based on muted video-tracks. When assessed for pain, the infants in the maternal singing group were assigned significantly lower movement indexes (p = 0.032) and marginally significantly lower cry indexes (p = 0.076). A higher frequency of mother-to-infant gaze (p < 0.005) was observed in the singing group dyads. Finally, the intervention group mothers' self-perceived ease in singing was correlated with their previous singing experience and with lower anxiety following the vaccination procedure (p < 0.05). Maternal singing during immunisation procedures benefits both mothers and babies. The practice of singing is a biologically rooted and adaptive form of intuitive parental communication that should be encouraged, especially in at-risk populations.

Impact of nutritional and multiple micronutrients supplementation to lactating mothers 6 months postpartum on the maternal and infant micronutrient status: a randomised controlled trial in Delhi, India.

To assess the impact of nutritional and multiple-micronutrient supplementation to lactating mothers on the micronutrient status of mother-infant dyad at 6 months of age postnatally. This study was a trial that aimed to investigate the impact of maternal nutritional supplementation on infant growth. A secondary objective was to assess the effect on the micronutrient status of mother-infant pairs. The intervention group mothers received snacks with 600 kcal energy, 20 g protein and daily micronutrient tablets. Blood samples were collected from both mothers and infants at 6 months. The participants in this study were mother-infant pairs. The micronutrient status of these pairs was assessed through blood samples, focusing on vitamins A, D, B12, ferritin, Zn and folate. Micronutrient analysis of serum samples from 600 mother-infant pairs showed that mothers in the intervention group had higher levels of serum ferritin (mean difference (MD) 14·7 ng/ml), retinol (MD 0·6 μmol/l), folate (MD 3·3 ng/ml) and vitamin D (1·03 ng/ml) at 6 months postpartum. Additionally, the supplementation was associated with a higher mean ± sd of serum ferritin (MD 8·9 ng/ml) and vitamin A (MD 0·2 μmol/l) levels in infants at 6 months. The study found that supplementing maternal nutrition with additional dietary and micronutrient intakes during lactation improved maternal micronutrient status and slightly increased ferritin and vitamin A levels in infants at 6 months. The findings highlight the importance of nutritional interventions for improving the micronutrient health of mother-infant pairs, with significant public health implications.Trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (CTRI/2018/04/013095).

Utilization of Herbal Medicine and Boiled Water (Areca Catechu, Piper Betle and Garcinia Xanthochymus) To Accelerate Recovery During Early Puerperium

Postnatal herbal medicine and boiled water are herbs are usually given to postpartum mothers to strengthen the body and speed up the recovery period of the uterus, speed up the cessation blood and healing perineal wounds. Method: Quasi Experimental research type Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Held at PMB Nuripah Kubu Raya on 21-27 November 2023. Total sample was 34 respondents, the respondents were divided randomly into 2 groups, postpartum mothers in intervention group were given 1x1 multivitamin and postnatal healthy herbal medicine test ingredients at a dose of 1x1 suchet (25 grams) and Postpartum mothers in control group were given 1x1 multivitamin as a comparison, the research was carried out for 7 days. Results: The intervention group had an effect on changes in uterine involution based on anteroposterior diameter (p. 0.005), changes in uterine involution based on longitudinal length (p. 0.002), the amount of locheal discharge (p. 0.003), the smell of locheal discharge (p. 0.002), reducing the pain scale (p. 0.000) and perineal wound healing (0.003). Conclusion: Healthy postpartum herbal medicine and perineal wound fluid effective accelerating early puerperium period (uterine involution, lochea and perineal wounds) with the fastest start of action compared to the control group (multivitamin).

Effectiveness of Planned Early Ambulation on Postoperative Recovery among Cesarean Mothers: A Quasi-experimental study in Mangaluru

Abstract Background Mothers with cesarean section need more attention and care. Early ambulation is the essential to restore the maximum muscle function and improve the health during postoperative period. Early ambulation certainly has proven to be effective in preventing postoperative complications. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of early ambulation on postoperative recovery among cesarean mothers. Methods Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 cesarean mothers, with 30 samples in each of the experimental and control group. Mothers in the intervention group received bed exercises by the investigator such as flexion and extension of the extremities, upper limb exercises, lower limb exercise, turning the patient, sitting with dangling the feet, and deep breathing exercises which was initiated at 10 hours of cesarean section followed by standing and walking at 12 hours of cesarean section for twice a day, whereas the control group received routine treatment as per the hospital protocol. Demographic proforma was used to assess the demographic characteristics, and structured postoperative recovery assessment tool was used to assess four major components such as pain, breast feeding, postnatal changes, and activity of daily living. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Analysis Significant difference in the postoperative recovery score was calculated by using RM-ANOVA and independent t-test and the association of postoperative recovery score with selected demographic variables done by chi-square test.Results The majority of mothers in intervention (66.7%) and control group (63.3%) were 24 to 29 years old and had secondary education (60% each). There was significant difference in breast feeding (p = 0.001), involution of uterus (p = 0.047), amount of lochia (p = 0.027), and activity of daily living in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion Early ambulation improves the postoperative recovery and helps to achieve a good sense of well-being.

A randomized controlled study: Evaluating the efficacy of a mobile application developed for mothers who have children with epilepsy in Turkiye

PurposeThis study was conducted for the purposes of developing the Mobile Epilepsy Education Package (MEEP) for mothers who have children with epilepsy, and evaluating the efficacy of such a package. Design and methodsThe research consisted of a randomized, controlled experimental study. DISCERN measuring tool was used to evaluate the content of MEEP. The evaluation of the package was conducted with a total of 60 mothers-30 participants in the intervention group and 30 controls. This study was conducted in the Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic of a hospital with mothers who had children with epilepsy, ages 3-6. A Description Form, the Epilepsy Knowledge Scale for Parents, and Parental Anxiety over Seizures Scale were used in the data collection. ResultsThe general quality evaluation of MEEP according to the experts was rated 70.35 ± 6.20, with interrater agreement at a good level. Knowledge and anxiety scores were similar in the groups prior to the mobile application. Following the application, a significant increase was seen in the level of knowledge about epilepsy among the intervention group mothers (p < .001), while a significant decrease was observed in anxiety over seizures (p = .009). ConclusionsMEEP, which was developed to evaluate mothers' levels of knowledge about epilepsy and their state of anxiety over seizures, resulted in an increase in knowledge and reduced anxiety. Practice implicationsA simple-to-use, easy-to-access and low-cost mobile application has been developed that facilitates epilepsy diagnosis, follow-up and treatment, increases mothers' knowledge levels, and reduces anxiety levels.

Positive Correlation Between Maternal Self-Efficacy with The Children Oral Hygiene Behavior

Introduction: Maternal self-efficacy refers to a parent's self-efficacy in his ability to effectively manage various tasks and situations. Mothers have a very important role in influencing the habits and health status of their children because children depend on their mothers to meet their oral health needs. Methods: This type of research was a quasi-experimental study with 124 participants divided into 62 people in the intervention group and 62 in the control group, with inclusion criteria for mothers who have children aged 4-6 years. Maternal self-efficacy was assessed using a modified Self Efficacy Scale for Maternal Oral care (SESMO) questionnaire. Children's dental hygiene was calculated by the Patient Hygiene Performance plaque index. Data analysis used Spearman correlation test (p&lt;0.05). Results: This study showed that high maternal self-efficacy is mostly high school and college education. Mothers in the majority intervention group have good and moderate child dental hygiene compared to the control group. It was found that a significant correlation between mother's self-efficacy and child's dental hygiene (r=0.352, p=0.000). Mothers with low self-efficacy had a children with 3.10 times the odds of risk their dental hygiene was poor (OR = 3.10; CI =95%; 1.07-8.98). Conclusion: The children oral hygiene behavior was positively correlated with maternal self-efficacy. The finding of this study suggest that mothers with low self-efficacy are at risk of having children with poor dental hygiene.

Effect of oral health promotion interventions on pregnant women dental caries: a field trial

BackgroundDental caries is a costly and very common disease, especially in pregnant women. Reasons such as not paying attention to oral health, poor diet and also lack of adequate education in this regard cause this to happen. Performing well-designed educational interventions using primary health system’s forces, can improve oral health of pregnant women and help control this disease. We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of some oral health interventions on pregnant women dental caries.MethodsA field trial study was done in comprehensive Health Centers in Varamin, Tehran, Iran to assess 439 mothers’ dental health status from pregnancy up to 2 years after delivery in intervention (n = 239) and control groups (n = 200). Mothers in intervention groups received oral health-related education consisted of nutritional and behavioral messages via either of four methods: A: comprehensive method including all following methods together (n = 74), B: group discussion by dentists (n = 59), C: face to face education by primary health care providers (n = 53), and D: social network applications (n = 53); while those in control group only received routine maternal and oral health care. We used a questionnaire to collect mothers’ demographic, socioeconomic and dental care behavior data and also performed oral examinations to assess their DMFT at baseline and 24 months after delivery to evaluate the effectiveness of these educational oral health interventions.ResultsFrom 454 mothers participated the examination session, 18 pregnant women discontinued during the follow-ups and 439 were remained with mean age of 27.47. In the intervention group, the frequency of daily brushing among women increased from 64% at baseline to 85.6% at the last follow-up and the mean D significantly decreased nearly 1unit at same period (P < 0.05). Most and least dental caries changes were in comprehensive intervention group and social network intervention group compared to other intervention groups, respectively.ConclusionsPerforming educational interventions during and after pregnancy using various message delivery methods and messengers (oral health professionals and trained PHCPs), could improve oral health status and behaviors of pregnant and lactating mothers in a feasible and applicable manner.

Persisting Effects of a Social Media Campaign to Prevent Indoor Tanning: A Randomized Trial.

A social media campaign for mothers aimed at reducing indoor tanning (IT) by adolescent daughters reduced mothers' permissiveness toward IT in an immediate posttest. Whether the effects persisted at 6 months after the campaign remains to be determined. Mothers (N = 869) of daughters ages 14-17 in 34 states without bans on IT by minors were enrolled in a randomized trial. All mothers received an adolescent health campaign over 12 months with posts on preventing IT (intervention) or prescription drug misuse (control). Mothers completed a follow-up at 18 months post-randomization measuring IT permissiveness, attitudes, intentions, communication, and behavior, and support for state bans. Daughters (n = 469; 54.0%) just completed baseline and follow-up surveys. Structural equation modeling showed that intervention-group mothers were less permissive of IT by daughters [unstandardized coefficient, -0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.31 to -0.03], had greater self-efficacy to refuse daughter's IT requests (0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.29) and lower IT intentions themselves (-0.18; 95% CI, -0.35 to -0.01), and were more supportive of bans on IT by minors (0.23; 95% CI, 0.02-0.43) than control-group mothers. Intervention-group daughters expressed less positive IT attitudes than controls (-0.16; 95% CI, 0.31 to -0.01). The social media campaign may have had a persisting effect of convincing mothers to withhold permission for daughters to indoor tan for 6 months after its conclusion. Reduced IT intentions and increased support for bans on IT by minors also persisted among mothers. Social media may increase support among mothers to place more restrictions on IT by minors.

Improving Underweight Mothers' Essential Newborn Care During Early Infancy: A Single-Blinded, Parallel-Randomized, Controlled Trial

To evaluate the effectiveness of using a standardized Essential Newborn Care (ENC) module taught by pediatric residents on ENC skills and growth of offspring born to underweight primigravida mothers. This facility-based, single-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted between May 2018 and March 2019. Eighty-eight underweight primigravida mothers and their vaginally delivered offspring were blindly allocated into the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The IG mothers received education on ENC through pictorial aids, demonstrations, and practice sessions. All mothers received information from ongoing public health programs. A trained hospital nurse, blinded to the study, assessed the mothers' neonatal care skills on the second postnatal day. The infants were followed until 6months. Weight, length, and head circumference were measured at birth and age 6weeks, 10weeks, 14weeks, and 6months (±1week). Mothers in the IG had significantly better ENC skills in all domains (P<.001). Their infants had a statistically significant increase in weight (at 10 and 14weeks and 6months), length (at 14weeks and 6months), and head circumference (at 6months). Infants' z-scores indicated significant improvements in anthropometry in the IG compared with the CG. At age 6months, the number of infants with weight <3rd percentile decreased in the IG (from 20 of 44 to 5 of 41) and increased in the CG (from 17 of 44 to 22 of 42) compared with birth percentiles. An educational intervention to strengthen maternal ENC knowledge and skills soon after delivery improved physical growth in infants born to underweight primigravida mothers. Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2018/04/013096.

Effectiveness of a longitudinal psychosocial intervention to strengthen mother–child interactions: The role of biological and contextual moderators

IntroductionEarly parent–child relationships shape children’s future. Child development and parent–child interactions are multidetermined, and the combination of biological risks and social disadvantages can further compromise both outcomes. Interventions that promote responsive parenting may mitigate the risks for child development. We examined the effectiveness of a longitudinal psychosocial intervention to strengthen maternal interactive skills and the moderative role of biological and contextual variables. MethodsThe present study is part of a large study designed as a pragmatic quasi-experimental trial. The intervention was implemented in a public mother–child healthcare service, which is a reference for high-risk deliveries. The sample was a convenience subsample of the large project, comprised 67 mother–child dyads. The Intervention Group (IG) and Comparison Group (CG) included 33 and 34 dyads, respectively. The intervention consisted of two individual Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) sessions and six group sessions with the mothers. It was delivered at childbirth and 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of child age. CG received usual care at the same age. IG and CG mothers were video recorded playing with their 12-month-old children; maternal interactive skills were assessed using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO). PICCOLO captures mothers’ skills across four domains: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. We performed a multiple linear regression to identify the moderative effect of the intervention on maternal interactive skills; the initial model included biological and contextual variables, the group, and the interaction between potential moderators and the group. ResultsIn general, most infants were boys, born preterm, and with low birth weight. On average, the mothers studied for 10 years, and most families were classified as having low or very low socioeconomic status. In general, IG mothers’ mean scores were higher than CG mothers’ in all PICCOLO domains, although without statistical significance. Lower maternal schooling moderated the effect of the intervention on mothers’ overall interaction and encouragement skills. Lower gestational age moderated the effect on PICCOLO total scores. Final regression models explained 22% and 14% of the variability of PICCOLO total and encouragement scores, respectively; no intervention’s effect was observed in other domains. ConclusionThe effects of our longitudinal psychosocial intervention on maternal interactive skills were moderated by infants’ gestational age and maternal years of schooling. These findings suggest that the intervention was more effective for vulnerable groups, specifically for mothers with less schooling and whose infants were born extremely preterm, confirming our hypothesis of the differential effect of the intervention.

Effect of a maternal counselling intervention delivered by community health workers on child nutrition: secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial in India

BackgroundIndia suffers from a double burden of malnutrition and anaemia. The Karnataka anaemia project indicated that a counselling intervention delivered by community health workers improved anaemia cure rates.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of maternal counselling on nutritional aspects of anaemia prevention.MethodsSecondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial (55 simultaneously randomised villages using random number generator in Chamrajnagar district, Northern India). In the intervention group mothers of anaemic children received five monthly counselling sessions plus usual care (iron and folic acid supplements), while mothers of anaemic children in the control group received usual care alone. Daily intake of nutrients related to anaemia prevention, i.e. iron (mg) and vitamin C (mg), was estimated using the 24-h dietary recall method at baseline and 6 months follow-up. Linear and logistic mixed regression models were used to assess between-groups difference in changes in nutrients intake from baseline to end of follow-up. Data collectors and analysts were blinded to the group assignment.ResultsParticipants were 534 (intervention n = 303; usual treatment n = 231) anaemic children, aged 1 to 5 years and their caregivers, of whom 521(intervention n = 299 from 28 villages; usual treatment n = 222 from 27 villages) were retained at 6 months follow-up and included in the analysis. This study provides inconclusive evidence of improvement in the intake of nutrients that prevent anaemia from baseline to follow-up among the intervention compared to the control group; increase in iron intake was 0.24 mg/day (95% CI -0.67; 1.15) and increase in vitamin C intake was 4.61 mg/day (95% CI -0.69, 9.91). Although encouraging, it is notable that the overall intake of nutrients that prevent anaemia remained well below the national recommended daily allowance.ConclusionThis study provides inconclusive evidence of the effect of parental counselling on nutritional aspects of anaemia prevention. The results highlight the need to devise multi-component anaemia-prevention interventions that include facilitators of the availability of nutritious food and should be evaluated in studies that are adequately powered to detect nutritional changes.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN68413407, prospectively registered on 17/12/2013.

PENGARUH KONSELING GIZI TENTANG KONSUMSI DAUN KATUK DAN KACANG HIJAU DENGAN MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU MENYUSUI DI KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Breastmilk (ASI) is the best life fluid that is needed by babies, containing various important substances for the baby's growth and development according to their needs. The success of breastfeeding is influenced by the nutrients consumed by the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding.&#x0D; This study was conducted to determine the effect of breastfeeding counseling using bookletters on breastfeeding behavior in Percut Sei Tuan District.&#x0D; This type of research is a quasi-experimental (Quasy experiment) with a pre-test research design and a post-test design with a comparison group. Conducted in March - August 2020, the samples were breastfeeding mothers in Percut Sei Tuan District in Cinta Rakyat Village as an intervention group and breastfeeding mothers in Cinta Damai Village as a comparison group. Samples and controls were selected by "purposive sampling" each of 30 samples.&#x0D; The data consisted of primary data and secondary data, processed and univariate analysis was carried out to see the frequency distribution based on knowledge and attitudes in the menu selection of breastfeeding mothers followed by bivariate analysis using the dependent t-test to compare knowledge, attitudes and actions of respondent eating before (pre) and after (post) counseling.&#x0D; From the research conducted, there were differences in the knowledge of mothers from the intervention group and the comparison group, there were differences in attitudes in the two groups, and there were differences in actions in the two groups after counseling using booklet media.&#x0D; Booklet-based counseling influences the mother's actions in breastfeeding her baby.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: breastfeeding, counseling, booklets, breastfeeding behavior&#x0D;