Moscow Research Articles

DOCUMENTS FROM REGIONAL ARCHIVES ON NEW HOLY MARTYRS AND CONFESSORS - PATRONS OF SOBRIETY (ON EXAMPLE OF THE MOSCOW DIOCESE)

This article presents an overview of documents of state regional archives (the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow and the Central State Archive of the Moscow Region) which may be a source about life and activity of new martyrs and confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church of the 20th century - active figures in the temperance movement of the Moscow diocese. The performed search for new biographical data about holy martyrs-confessors of sobriety of Moscow diocese allows us to conclude that the parish and consistorial church documentation of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, stored in the funds of the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow, has a significant information potential. First of all, it is necessary to note such a type of church sources as parish registers and clergy lists containing information about the clergy and church servants and members of their families. Additional information on the genealogy of the Orthodox clergy of the pre-Soviet period can also be found in census tales, confessional lists and marriage searches. In the funds of the regional archives of the Soviet period, the most informative sources on the subject are the service records of the clergy and church servants of the 1920s-1930s and documents of the Soviet judiciaries established after the October revolution. The publication will help everyone who studies the biographies of the martyrs and confessors of Russia and is interested in obtaining new information about their lives.

In memoriam professor Tamara Popova, M.D., PhD.

The National Association of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (RSPEN), the Editorial Board and the Editorial Collegium of the journal "Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism" announce with deep sorrow that on January 1, 2024, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, laureate of the USSR State Prize and the Moscow City Hall Prize Tamara Sergeevna Popova passed away. Professor T.S. Popova stood at the origins of the creation of the national association "Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition", for two decades she was the president of the National Association T.S. Popova was the author of more than 350 printed works, 25 author's certificates and 14 patents. Her developments concerning intestinal failure syndrome have become classics not only in Russian medicine, but also in many European countries. The name of Professor T.S. Popova is associated with key State programs, projects, guidelines and orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The long-term work of Professor Tamara Sergeevna Popova was realized in two editions of the "National Guide to Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition". The editorial board of the journal "Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism" expresses deep condolences to the family and friends of T.S. Popova.

Behavioral Insights Informing the Pandemic Response in the City of Moscow

Background. The public response to the coronavirus pandemic, including their uptake of protective measures, was critical for containing the virus, and this required effective interventions, policy decisions, and public communication that took into account the perspectives of the population. The main goal of the study was to explore public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being of the population of Moscow, Russian Federation, to inform the pandemic response.Methods. A survey tool originally developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe with support from the University of Erfurt, Germany, was adapted to the Moscow (Russian Federation) context. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted using a stratified, two-core sample of landline and mobile phones. Three waves of data collection took place from mid-May 2020 to mid-June 2020: 1) May 13–18, 2020, n = 1019 people; 2) May 26, 2020 – June 1, n = 1000 people; 3) June 16–24, 2020, n = 993 people.Findings. The study identified the awareness of Moscow residents about the coronavirus, their perceptions, understanding of the pandemic situation and behavioral responses to measures taken by the authorities to reduce the spread of COVID-19.Interpretation. Monitoring of public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being allowed a people-centered approach, which took into account population perspectives alongside epidemiological data and economic, cultural, ethical, and structural-political considerations, to become the basis for an effective coronavirus response.

Behavioral Insights Informing the Pandemic Response in the City of Moscow

Background. The public response to the coronavirus pandemic, including their uptake of protective measures, was critical for containing the virus, and this required effective interventions, policy decisions, and public communication that took into account the perspectives of the population. The main goal of the study was to explore public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being of the population of Moscow, Russian Federation, to inform the pandemic response.Methods. A survey tool originally developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe with support from the University of Erfurt, Germany, was adapted to the Moscow (Russian Federation) context. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted using a stratified, two-core sample of landline and mobile phones. Three waves of data collection took place from mid-May 2020 to mid-June 2020: 1) May 13–18, 2020, n = 1019 people; 2) May 26, 2020 – June 1, n = 1000 people; 3) June 16–24, 2020, n = 993 people.Findings. The study identified the awareness of Moscow residents about the coronavirus, their perceptions, understanding of the pandemic situation and behavioral responses to measures taken by the authorities to reduce the spread of COVID-19.Interpretation. Monitoring of public perceptions, behaviors, and well-being allowed a people-centered approach, which took into account population perspectives alongside epidemiological data and economic, cultural, ethical, and structural-political considerations, to become the basis for an effective coronavirus response.

The inter-reader agreement in the interpretation of mammography images according to BI-RADS by Moscow radiologists

Background: Breast malignancies take a leading position among incident cancers in women. Mammography has been recognized as the main method for early detection of breast cancer. However, mammogram assessments are based on a subjective opinion of the radiologist, which could lead to diagnostic disagreement. According to the literature, inter-radiologist agreement on mammograms varies from 0.450 to 0.888. Aim: To assess the inter-reader agreement in mammogram interpretation with BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) by radiologists of the Moscow city (Russia). Methods: The study included 741 mammography images done from January 15, 2020, to June 25, 2023. All mammograms were downloaded from the Unified Radiology Information Service of the Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (EMIAS) of the Moscow city and included radiologist reports with a BI-RADS score (the initial assessment). Each mammogram was further analyzed by two radiologists (with their job experience from 2 to 5 years) (this was the first revision) and thereafter by two more radiologists (with their job experience above 5 years and scientific degree) as a part of the expert review. The inter-reader agreement was assessed using an intra-class correlation coefficient. Results: The inter-reader agreement for the full BI-RADS score between radiologists who performed the initial assessment and those performing the first revision ranged from 0.836 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.801–0.865] to 0.875 [95% CI 0.848–0.897]. Similar agreement was observed between radiologists who performed the initial assessment and the experts: 0.838 [95% CI 0.804–0.866] to 0.879 [95% CI 0.854–0.901]. The agreement on the full BI-RADS scale between radiologists who performed the first revision and the experts was significantly higher (p 0.001) than with those performing the initial assessment and ranged from 0.890 [95% CI 0.866–0.910] to 0.963 [95% CI 0.954–0.970]. Conclusion: The inter-reader agreement between radiologists of the Moscow city in the assessment of mammography study results on the full BI-RADS scale is high. The agreement between the radiologists who performed the revision is higher than their agreement with the radiologists who performed the initial assessment, which may indicate better and more stable results obtained during the revision.

Soil maps of cities for the unified digital model of the soil cover of Russia

The soil cover of cities and towns within their administrative boundaries is composed of soils, more or less modified by the urban environment along with native, agricultural soils and non-soils. For preserving this diversity when introducing these new objects to the unified digital model of the soil cover of Russia, soil maps of 10 “test” cities have been compiled. The cities are located in several natural zones, and are intermediate in terms of their population. Mapping was performed by means of detailed purposeful deciphering, data on mapping units on the original soil map, and recent systematics of urban soils and their dependence on the urban environment. The approaches applied were supported by the experience in soil mapping of St-Petersburg, Moscow, Volgograd and few other cities. Soils were qualified in the system of Russian soil classification, and their areas, along with those of non-soils, were regarded as units in the theory of soil cover patterns. In all cities investigated, soil associations comprised urban soils per se, transitional soils including agro-soils and conventionally native ones; their ratios in the soil cover depend on both historical-socio-economical reasons and the natural enviroment.

RUSS-AGE study: Markers of carbohydrate metabolism and their time course in different age groups of a healthy population of the Russian Federation

Background. One of the important tasks of modern science is to search for key biomarkers of aging of various body systems. Parameters of carbohydrate metabolism play an essential role in maintaining vital activity. The prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders increases with age, but the time course of changes in individual markers remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is important to investigate the patterns of changes in carbohydrate metabolism markers in different age groups among healthy participants, which is the objective of the RUSS-AGE study. Aim. To evaluate changes in carbohydrate status markers (adiponectin, leptin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and carboxymethyllysine – CML) in different age groups of a healthy Russian population. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University in collaboration with the Moscow City Outpatient Clinic No. 220. The study group included subjects 18 years of age and older who signed an informed consent form; the exclusion criteria were current acute disease, exacerbation of a chronic disease, surgical intervention within the last month, and moderate to severe chronic age-associated diseases. Blood samples were taken to measure aging markers: glucose (enzymatic ultraviolet method), insulin (chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay), glycated hemoglobin (calorimetric method), CML, adiponectin, and leptin (enzyme immunoassay). The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Minutes No. 59 dated 13.09.2022). Statistical analysis was carried out using the R programming language version 4.4.0. The significance threshold for the p-value values given in the article is 0.05. Results. The study included 711 participants, which were divided into eight age groups. According to the intergroup comparison, a statistically significant direct relationship of age with adiponectin (p0.001), glucose (p0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (p0.001) was found. No significant correlation with age was found for leptin (p=0.116), insulin (p=0.078), and CML (p=0.506). After conducting a statistical analysis using linear regression to assess the dependence of variables on age, it was found that only adiponectin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin significantly increase with age (p0.001). Conclusion. The study showed a significant increase in adiponectin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, while leptin, insulin and CML had no significant correlation with age.

“Strange behaviours” of parents at the nest in an avian prey species as a potential source of bias when studying nest predation and signs left by different predators

In most passerines, parent birds clean their nests. Egg shells, fecal sacs, and dead nestlings, as well as foreign objects, for example, leaf and twig debris, as they appear, are usually removed from nests in one or another way. If, for one reason or another (nest predation, inclement weather, starvation etc.), all offspring die, parents abandon the nest with egg or/and nestling remains. Finding one or another nest empty and intact before the earliest possible fledging date, observers who monitor nests usually attribute the failure to predation. Automated cameras placed at 148 Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) nests in 2016–2020 to study nest predation in Moscow City, Russia documented two cases of sanitation (by females) of entire and almost entire (all but one dead nestling) broods of dead nestlings that had died due to inclement weather. This information is one of the very few, probably the second, and for Eurasian species probably the first published evidence of such a behaviour in passerines. In addition, eight cases of removal by parents of the traces of predation were recorded immediately or soon after (within 0.1– 4.2 hours) complete depredation of nest contents: eating at the nest or the removal by parents of egg shells, remains of egg contents, as well as feathers lost by parents as a result of predator attacks, an active or passive elimination of disturbances in the lining of the nest cup. Complete or partial “concealment of evidence” by parents occurred in about every four depredated nests, including those in which predators did not leave any “evidence”. The removal by parents of all evidence of clutch/brood failure that had happened for any reason, not only due to predation, was recorded in approximately every third nest from which all offspring disappeared without a trace before the earliest possible fledging date. These behaviours of parents could possibly be considered as bringing them to the point of absurdity, “by inertia”, a sequence of stereotypic actions to maintain cleanliness, as well as the lining of the nest. An observation was also made of a female adding fresh lining to the nest cup on top of a dead, ca. 7-day old nestling from the failed previous brood and then laying a replacement clutch. All these cases are interesting not only because they provide new information on parental behaviour in the Fieldfare. These “strange behaviours” are also a potential source of bias when studying nest predation and signs left by different predatory species with traditional methods for monitoring the nests, with neither video monitoring nor automatic photography. Furthermore, it must not be excluded that, under some circumstances, even estimates of the relative frequency of different causes of nest failure can be biased due to these behavioural curiosities. That is why it is important to know how many and how frequently do bird species show similar behaviours.

Генотип-фенотипическая характеристика детей с семейной средиземноморской лихорадкой (периодической болезнью) в регионе Российской Федерации

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease (AID) caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. The purpose of this research was to investigate clinical variability and potential genotypic and phenotypic correlations in children with clinically verified FMF and MEFV gene mutations in the City of Moscow, Russia. Materials and methods used: among 188 pediatric patients with suspected monogenic AIDs, MEFV gene mutations were identified in 9 through sequencing. In order to confirm the FMF diagnosis, patients were evaluated according to the modified Tel-Hashomer criteria and the Eurofever/PRINTO classification criteria. Results: clinical picture of FMF was characterized by the presence of periodic attacks of the disease lasting from 1 to 7 days accompanied by fever and increased acute phase reactants (observed in all patients), abdominal pain (in 8 children), peritonitis requiring diagnostic laparotomy (in a single child), chest pain (in 2 patients), pleurisy (in a single child), arthritis (in 7 children) and erysipeloid-like rash (in a single child). The pathogenic mutation M694V was identified in the MEFV gene in 8 out of 9 patients, this mutation was homozygous in 5 patients and heterozygous in 1, M680I mutation was detected on another allele in 2 children (compound heterozygous), and a mutation of unknown significance K695R was detected in a single child. No obvious clinical differences were found between homozygotes and heterozygotes as well as compound heterozygotes. Clinical response was achieved in 5 patients with colchicine monotherapy while canakinumab was prescribed to 4 patients due to ongoing attacks. Conclusion: the diagnosis involving the identification of MEFV gene mutations may allow the assessment of genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with FMF.

Digital transformation of primary health care in Moscow

The modern appearance of the Moscow digital clinic was mainly set in 2011 in the context of complex changes in the city management system, which subsequently took the form of the Moscow city development concept “Smart City – 2030”. The initial goals for changing primary health care included providing Muscovites with access to information and communication technologies in medical organizations, eliminating fragmentation and duplication of functions, and ensuring compatibility of data used in various information systems. Aim. To identify and describe step-by-step changes in the organization of primary health care in Moscow, related to the introduction of digital technologies and aimed at improving the organizational forms and methods of operation of public medical institutions in the capital, improving the access of the urban population to timely and high-quality medical care. Materials and methods. An analysis of regulatory legal acts and scientific literature was carried out in the “manual search” mode for the period 2011–2024. Results. Informatization of key processes in primary healthcare in the capital has reduced the waiting time for patients to receive an appointment. The number of people waiting 4 days or more to see a therapist has dropped to 2 %. An AIDS based on artificial intelligence was introduced into the practice of primary care doctors, available in all adult clinics in Moscow. Telemedicine services were provided for patients with COVID-19, which were subsequently expanded to other categories of patients. Conclusion. A review of data related to the digitalization of healthcare shows that changes in the work of clinics of the Moscow public health system are best practices that correspond to the practices of leading foreign countries, partly surpassing them in the systematicity of urban management issues.

Development of primary health care in Moscow: New polyclinic standard

The increase in the number of chronic noncommunicable diseases, changes in the age structure of the population, and an increase in demand for medical services in the primary health care system determine the need for an adequate response of health systems to these requests. Standardization is one of the effective mechanisms for managing the quality and accessibility of medical care provided to the population. The development of the Moscow healthcare system today is focused on the redistribution of forces towards primary healthcare and large-scale digitalization. Aim. To evaluate the results of the implementation of standardized solutions in the primary health care management system provided in outpatient clinics subordinate to the Department of Health of the city of Moscow. Materials and methods. Statistical and analytical methods, the method of expert interviews and content analysis of literature sources of domestic authors, as well as normative legal acts for 2018-2023 were used in the work. The main performance indicators of the outpatient clinics of Moscow are analyzed. Results. Important purposes of the healthcare system have been achieved: the created modern framework of outpatient care provided the opportunity to ensure equal access to quality care; the introduction of a single standard of polyclinics contributes to the rationalization of territorial planning, improvement and development of infrastructure, the use of innovative medical technologies and solutions; managerial and reorganization changes in the structure of polyclinics allowed to build convenient and clear routing of patients to receive medical care in the required volume and shorter terms. Changes in the Moscow primary health care system affect both external and internal processes, are aimed at maximizing the coverage of the population with health services, improving the provision of modern equipment to Moscow polyclinics, and creating a digital polyclinic. Conclusion. Bringing Moscow polyclinics to a single standard required reengineering of existing processes, restructuring of procedures focused on managing the completed case. The quality and accessibility of medical care to the population of Moscow remains a top priority in the development of outpatient care.

Review of modern technologies of vessel monitoring in the water areas of the inland waterways using video surveillance tools

At present, there is a problem on inland waterways located within the boundaries of large settlements to ensure monitoring of vessel traffic, including small vessels. This situation is due to limitations on the use of traditional means of monitoring of inland waterway vessels, caused primarily by restrictions on the use of radar systems and radiotechnical means operating in the ultrashortwave frequency range within the city limits. At the same time in large cities of the Russian Federation implemented and successfully used video surveillance systems. The system operating in the city of Moscow to monitor the water area within the city as part of the city traffic control system is considered. Most of the sections of inland waterways located within the limits of St. Petersburg fall within the range of the cameras. The article considers possible approaches to use the city video surveillance system for monitoring the water area within the city limits of St. Petersburg. The paper describes technologies based on artificial neural networks potentially suitable for identification of ships and determination of their exact location at a given moment of time. Advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods are analyzed, as well as a variant of solving the inverse problem of bearing of ships (from the shore) using video surveillance systems consisting of two cameras is proposed. The algorithm of the system operation for identification and determination of vessel movement parameters is proposed. Domestic and foreign experience of solving the problems of vessel identification using video surveillance systems, as well as determining the parameters of vessel movement is analyzed. Several neural networks (object detection, text recognition) are proposed as a solution as a basis for further study of the described problem.

Focus ultrasound in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction during initial physical examination

Background. The generally algorithm for the initial physical examination of patients with STEMI, including medical history and ECG, is inadequate. Short focal ultrasound protocols can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the initial physical examination, but when they are needed, there are currently no clear and understandable algorithms. Objective. Evaluate the impact of routine focal ultrasound on the initial physical examination of STEMI patients. Material and methods. A total of 228 patients with STEMI were included in a single-center prospective cohort study. The patients will be enrolled at the I.V. Davydovsky Moscow City Clinical Hospital from 2019 to 2023. Results. The main group consisted of 126 patients undergoing routine focal ultrasound, the control group 102 patients with standard physical examination algorithm. The primary endpoint including door-to-instrument time was better in the study group compared to the control group (Me [Q1–Q3], 30 [27–37] vs. 37 [31.5–45] minutes, p < 0.001). The advantage was achieved by a shorter Cath lab-to-instrument time in the study group (Me [Q1-Q3], 10 [10–15] vs. 15 [15–25] minutes, p < 0.001). The secondary endpoint was the probability of a change in diagnosis, which did not differ between groups at the initial examination (abs (%), 24 (19%) vs. 25 (24.5%), p = 0.318), but occurred more frequently after invasive angiography in the control group (abs (%), 15 (11.9%) vs. 24 (23.5), p = 0.036). The detection of significant cardiac pathology during initial physical examination was higher in the main group (abs (%), 87 (69.0%) versus 24 (23.5), p< 0.001). Conclusion. The routine use of focal ultrasound in patients with STEMI does not increase the time to revascularization and has a high degree of diagnostic accuracy.

Результативность профилактической маммографии в Российской Федерации: сравнение итогов первого этапа диспансеризации в 2019 и 2022 гг.

Globally, malignant neoplasms (MN) of the breast remain the most common type of cancer pathology in the female population. The main method of prevention of this pathology is screening digital mammography (MMG). In the Russian Federation, its effectiveness was evaluated in the period 2013–2019. It seems relevant to study the development of the situation in recent years, taking into account the COVID‑19 pandemic. Purpose of the study is to examine comparatively the volume, dynamics and effectiveness of preventive mammography studies in the context of the impact of the pandemic and the rationale for the further development of medical prevention. Materials and methods. Comparative study of the volume and effectiveness of preventive MMG. Consolidated reports based on the accounting form of medical documentation N131/u «Record card of preventive medical examination (screening) » for the period from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed. Analytical methods and descriptive statistics methods were used. Results. In the Russian Federation, the number of preventive MMGs in 2022 increased by 4.7%, compared to 2019. Administrative-territorial units also predominantly saw an increase in the number of MMGs, except for the city of Moscow, the Central and Siberian Federal Districts. The most significant increase was in the North Caucasian (38.0%) and Southern Federal Districts (22.2%). The pathologic incidence of breast MN according to the results of prophylactic mammography in 2022 increased significantly, by 26.4% in the Russian Federation as a whole. The exception was the city of Moscow, where a decrease in the indicator by 11.8% was noted. Various pathologic conditions during MMG are detected on average in 6.9% of cases, breast MN – in 1.0% of cases, first-time oncologic pathology is detected in 0.25% of cases. Findings. For further development of medical prevention of breast MN it is necessary to create and implement new organizational technologies, including tools for automated analysis of the results of preventive mammography.

Biodiversity of Coleoptera (Insecta) in Central European Russia

(1) Background: Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) are the most diverse order of insects. The beetle species live in many ecosystems around the globe and their roles in ecosystems are very diverse; therefore, it is important to know the local and regional biodiversity. Conservation of the entomofauna in individual macroregions requires effort to study the distribution and abundance of insects. To this end, databases are being created to record this information so that the status of a species can be objectively assessed and, if necessary, measures taken to protect it. (2) Methods: The materials were collected from the territory of eleven regions of European Russia (Ryazan, Tambov, Penza, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Moscow (including the city of Moscow), Vladimir, Kursk, Tula and Kaluga Oblasts and the Republic of Mordovia), mainly during the last approximately 20 years (2005–2024). The beetles were collected by different means (manual collection; the use of soil traps, fermental crown traps, and Malaise traps; light fishing; sweeping with an entomological net on plants and under water, etc.). (3) Results: The dataset presents data on 1310 species and subspecies of Coleoptera from 74 families found in the Eastern Part of the Eastern European Plain. In total, there are 65,100 samples and 10,771 occurrences in the dataset. (4) Conclusions: The largest families in terms of species diversity are Curculionidae (198 species), Carabidae (183 species), Staphylinidae (121 species) and Chrysomelidae (120 species).

Prognostic factors affecting survival of patients with penile cancer receiving treatment in wide clinical practice

Aim. To evaluate the effect of prognostic factors on survival rates of patients with penile cancer and to identify groups of patients with favorable and unfavorable prognoses.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of data of 197 patients with penile cancer who were treated at the Moscow City Oncological Hospital No. 62 and Clinical Oncological Dispensary (Omsk) between 1997 and 2023 was performed.Results. Statistically significant prognostic factors affecting survival rates of patients with penile cancer according to univariate analysis (log-rank test with p <0.05) and multivariate Cox regression analysis are: clinical stage (I–IV), T stage (T1–T3), resection margin (R0–R1), N grade (N0–N3), lymphovascular invasion, extranodal extension of metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes, necrosis of the primary tumor, iliac lymph node involvement. Factors without significant effect on survival are: morphological structure of the tumor (p = 0.73), radiation therapy of the primary tumor (p = 0.38), chemotherapy (p = 0.46).Conclusion. Analysis of clinical and pathomorphological factors allowed to identify an unfavorable prognosis group in patients with penile cancer for a personalized approach to improve survival rates.

Detection of control indices and safety levels for the use of anti-icing materials for the hygienic assessment of environmental objects

Introduction. There is a potential danger of long-term accumulation of salts and, as a consequence, their adverse impact on the environment. The desire to prevent this danger dictates the need to detect indices that will be in demand for measures to control the use of deicing materials (DIM). The purpose of the work is to select a set of indicators and determine their acceptable level. Materials and methods. The assessment of the impact of de-icing materials (DIM) was carried out using samples of snow mass and soil selected from twenty reference points located in various areas of the Moscow city. An analysis was performed to characterize the selected samples according to the following indices: the content of Na+, Cl– ions, total salt content determined by the specific electrical conductivity (EC), the total heavy metal contamination (Zc) and the content of adsorbed sodium (SAR). For ecotoxicological assessment, the work used integral research methods – bioassay using a battery of test organisms. Statistical data processing included cluster and regression analysis. Results. As shown by chemical-analytical and biological research methods, with the use of DIM,a large amount of salts enters the soil surface along with the snow mass. The concentrations of Na+ in the snow mass ranged from 28.3 to 3232.8 mg/L, Cl– from 278.7 to 3965.3 mg/L. In soil samples, the average Na+ content was 1084 mg/kg, while the content in the control sample was 101.5 mg/kg. The maximum EC values for snow samples were 1–5 mS/cm, and for soil samples – 0.420–0.605 mS/cm. The pollution index (Zc) of the soil corresponded to a low level; the snow mass samples fell into the category of moderately polluted. More than 50% of water extracts from the studied soil samples had an adversee impact on the vital (generative) response function of the test organisms Tetrahymena pyriformis. Limitations. The limitations of the research are that sampling should take place during the period of snow cover and after complete snowmelt, that is, in the winter-spring period. These studies can be recommended for urban areas where the use of DIM, which contain water-soluble salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals, has been practiced for a number of years. Conclusion. Monitoring the impact of DIM on the soil cover should be carried out by detecting the following maximum permissible values in snow mass samples: EC – 5.0 mS/cm; Na+ – 4000 mg/L Soil samples should be monitored according to the SAR index, which reflects the salts concentration present in the soil. Additional characteristics of the studied samples for the content of undetected pollutants can be carried out using integral biotesting methods.

Long-Term Dynamics of Different Avian Influenza Viruses in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Population in Moscow City and Moscow Oblast: Dependence on the Migration Activity

Long-Term Dynamics of Different Avian Influenza Viruses in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Population in Moscow City and Moscow Oblast: Dependence on the Migration Activity

Management of genomic surveillance for respiratory viral infections circulating in the territory of the city of Moscow

Introduction. Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections have an economic impact on the healthcare system and pose a threat to public well-being. Monitoring for the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in a metropolitan area, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, was in dire need of an adequate tool to identify mutations and variants that evade vaccine immunity and initiate an increase in incidence. Genomic surveillance was required for a timely response. Purpose of the study. Management of the Moscow Genomic Center for genomic surveillance for acute respiratory viral infections and COVID-19, with an assessment of the results during seasonal outbreaks in the capital. Materials and methods. With the support of the Moscow City Health Department, management and logistics measures were developed and implemented, the NGS testing program in patient samples on a planned basis and during the period of increased incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and COVID-19, technical procedures for high-throughput sequencing were developed, the security of data exchange and biosafety of medical personnel were ensured. Results. The Moscow Genome Center was established within the structure of the Moscow City Health Department. For the period from October 2023 to April 2024, targeted NGS data (a panel of thirty two pathogens, 6528 samples were tested): SARS-COV-2 dominated the entire period, the incidence of influenza A (H3N2) increased sharply from the beginning of December and decreased sharply by the end of January. Sars-CoV-2 genetic lineage rotation: XBB lineage dominated (most represented: XBB.1.16, XBB.1.16.11) from October to the end of January, then JN lineage prevailed (most represented: JN.1, also found: JN.1.13, JN.1.18, JN.1.19, JN.1.4). Influenza A strain rotation: H3N2 (A/Massachusetts/01/2020) and H3N2 (A/Massachusetts/38/2019) dominated from December to February. Research limitations. A targeted panel of 32 respiratory viruses most common in the Moscow population was used for NGS. Incomplete coverage of the entire viriome is a conditional limitation. Conclusion. Representative, high-quality and continuous genetic surveillance has been managed in the capital. The Moscow Genome Center has successfully implemented the NGS Testing Program and support for the Russian Genomic Resource of Microorganisms VGARus.

Representations of Muscovites of working age about a healthy lifestyle and observance of its principles

Introduction. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (HLS) is one of the key aspects of the prevention of a number of chronic infectious diseases (CID). The increase in the number of people keeping a healthy lifestyle is a predictor not only of the sanitary, but also of the socio-economic well-being of society. The purpose of the study is to determine the views of Muscovites of working age about HLS and compliance with its principles. Materials and methods. The article uses the results of a sociological survey of the able-bodied population of Moscow (18–55 years women and 18–60 years men) conducted in 2022. A total of one thousand five hundred twenty two respondents took part in the survey. The maximum sampling error is ± 2.51% (CI = 95%). To obtain additional data, 12 focus group discussions were also conducted with capital residents of working age, both having and not keeping HLS. Results. 63% of the respondents noted that they certainly or rather keep HLS, 71% of them assess their state of health as good. Different HLS practices are considered, the adherence to which is rather uniform. The study describes self-preserving and acquiescent models of attitude to one’s own health, factors of motivation to HLS, as well as images of people who do and do not follow HLS. These images can have positive and negative aspects in different population groups. Various socio-economic, infrastructural and personal barriers can hinder the gain in the number of Muscovites who lead a healthy lifestyle, and a number of approaches to work with them are proposed in this paper. Research limitations. The study is limited to residents of the city of Moscow, which may impose restrictions on the generalization of data. Conclusion. An increase in the share of Muscovites who keep HLS is possible by creating the most attractive conditions for conducting a healthy lifestyle in all spheres of human life at the level of the general urban environment, the level of habitat and work.