Moscow Region Research Articles

Academician Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky (1908–2004) (on the 115<sup>th</sup> anniversary of his birth)

Outstanding Soviet surgeon, scientist, teacher, health care organizer and public figure, founder of the largest scien tific and practical school of surgeons, Minister of Health of the USSR (1965–1980), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968), academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1966) and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1957) (RAS and RAMS since 1991), laureate of the Lenin Prize (1960) and the State Prize of the USSR (1971), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957), Professor Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky was born on June 14 (27 according to the new style), 1908 in the CITy of Essentuki in the family of a doctor. In 1926, he entered the medical faculty of Moscow State University, in 1930, he received a medical diploma and worked as a surgeon in a regional hospital in the Moscow region, and in 1932, he was appointed to the position of the researcher at the Moscow Oncology Institute under the leadership of Professor P.A. Herzen. During the Soviet-Finnish and the Great Patriotic Wars, he served as a surgeon in various hospitals. In 1947, he defended his doctoral dissertation «Surgical treatment of gunshot wounds of blood vessels at the front line». In 1951, B. V. Petrovsky was elected the head of the department of faculty surgery of the pediatric faculty of the 2nd MMI named after N. I. Pirogov, and in 1956 – the head of the department of hospital surgery of the 1st MMI named after I. M. Sechenov. In 1963, the All-Union Scientific center for Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was created in Moscow, the organizer and director of which (1963–1988) was Boris Vasilievich (since 1989 – honorary director of the All-Union Scientific center for Surgery). At the same time, from 1965 to 1980, he headed the USSR Ministry of Health. Academician B. V. Petrovsky created the largest scientific and practical surgical school in the history of our country, which included more than 150 doctors of medical sciences. He was the author and co-author of about 700 scientific papers, including 45 monographs and manuals devoted to vari ous problems of cardiovascular, thoracic, abdominal, and military field surgery. Boris Vasilievich was the member of 34 international societies, associations, academies and colleges, as well as the honorary member of 14 foreign surgical societies. Academician B. V. Petrovsky died on May 4, 2004 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Features of the biological development of schoolchildren in the Moscow region with different levels of health

BACKGROUND: The study of the health status of children and the dynamics of the physical and biological development of schoolchildren remains an urgent scientific issue both in our country and worldwide. The lifestyles of modern children and adolescents change based on regional standards for physical and biological development. AIM: To analyze the dynamics of puberty in modern schoolchildren depending on their health status and update biological development standards of schoolchildren in the Moscow region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the 2020s, an observational single-center cross-sectional study of the health status and physical and biological development of schoolchildren aged 12–16 years was performed in Moscow. Physical and biological development was assessed in each age and sex group according to standard methods using certified anthropometric instruments to measure height and weight. RESULTS: The study involved 508 schoolchildren with different levels of health, who were divided into groups 1 (n=107, 21.1%), 2 (n=208, 58.7%), and 3 (n=103, 20.2%). Diseases of the eye and its adnexal apparatus (24%) were prevalent functional abnormalities, and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases were found in 20% of the sample. The level of biological development in groups 1 and 2 in comparison with group 3 did not differ significantly (р 0.05); however, later development of secondary sexual characteristics tended to occur in schoolchildren with chronic diseases. Significant (р=0.038) differences in the age at menarche in girls were found depending on the level of physical development. Thus, when developing standards for biological development, data of schoolchildren in groups 1 and 2 must be considered. CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly demonstrated the prevalence of functional abnormalities and chronic diseases of various nosologies among schoolchildren in the Moscow region. The results of the study provided an update on the standards for the biological development of schoolchildren in Moscow.

FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION OF SNOW COVER WITHIN THE LANDSCAPES OF CHASHNIKOVO

For landscape conditions in the upper reaches of the river Klyazma, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, the height and reserves of snow cover were investigated, and the chemical composition of the snow was determined. The basis for considering the component composition of snow cover was the geochemical taxonomy of chemical elements based on the characteristics of water migration and abundance. Data from 23 snow sampling points were interpolated in SAGA GIS using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. On this basis, zones differing in the chemical composition of snow are identified. One of the zones is confined to the M-10 Moscow-St. Petersburg highway, while the second borders on populated areas. The area close to the highway is characterized by increased levels of calcium, sodium, aluminum, and chloride ions in the snow cover. The second zone, bordering populated areas, is characterized by a high content of calcium, copper, and manganese in the snow. For the third zone, low concentrations of components in the snow were observed which are characteristic of a superaquatic landscape due to the distance from sources of pollution. The studied composition of snow waters belongs to the bicarbonate-sodium-calcium-chloride class. It has been shown that the height and reserves of snow cover are partially controlled by two factors: the type of elementary landscape and the type of ecosystem. Against this background, the spatial distribution of concentrations of elements and anions in snow is predominantly controlled by the anthropogenic factor.

The Average Personal Profile of Convicted Women with Young Children and its Use in the Process of Providing Psychological Assistance

The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of studying the average personal profile of convicted women with young children in places of deprivation of liberty. The authors present the results of an empirical study of the average personality profile of convicted women with young children. The study was conducted in January-July 2023 on the basis of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Kemerovo region, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Moscow region, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Vladimir region, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Mordovia.

PROPERTIES OF URBAN SOILS AFTER DECONTAMINATION MEASURES ON THE RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF ELEKTROSTAL

We studied morphological properties, pH, organic carbon content, and specific activity of 137Cs and natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th) in the upper horizons of soils in deactivated and slightly damaged areas of the city. The studies were carried out in the urban ecosystems of the city of Elektrostal (Moscow region) in 2019, i.e. 6 years after local precipitation of 137Cs due to a radiation incident. Morphological features of the upper horizons of urban soils were: brownish-gray color, light-loamy composition, small-lumpy and lumpy structure, inclusions of construction and household waste. In the upper horizons of urbiquasizems and urban soils, a low carbon content (less than 1%) with high coefficients of variation - were detected. In the studied urban soils, a wide range of water pH values was noted: from acidic (4,6-5,5) to highly alkaline (> 8,0) reaction. Correlation analysis showed that in the upper horizons of UR, the content of organic carbon was reduced and alkalinization of the soil environment was observed. The accumulative type of distribution of 137Cs was recorded for soil profiles of polluted urban ecosystems in which decontamination measures were not carried out. The profiles of urban soils that were subjected to decontamination revealed low values of the specific activity of 137Cs in surface bulk layers and maxima in buried contaminated horizons. In the bulk horizons of UR, which include a large amount of crushed stone, there is an increase in the specific activity of 226Ra. Some technogenic horizons UR and TCH, consisting mainly of quartz sand, are characterized by very low values of specific activities 226Ra and 40K. Correlations of chemical and radiation indicators in the profiles of urban soils reflect the different composition and properties of upper horizons formed as a result of excavation and decontamination work.

CONIFEROUS LEAF-BEARING FOREST BIOMASS ASSESSMENT BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SOIL AND ECOLOGICAL CENTER OF LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY “CHASHNIKOVO”

The aim of the work was to assess the contribution of the following components - biomass and mortmass of tree stands, undergrowth, living ground cover, and forest litter - to the total organic matter’s pool of plant community. The object of the study was a territory of coniferous-deciduous forest located in Solnechnogorsk City District of the Moscow region, in which five permanent sample trial plots of 50·50 m were allocated. The greatest contribution to the total organic matter mass of studied plant communities was made by forest stand perennial parts (up to 87%) and forest stand mortmass (up to 14%), and phytomass of deciduous trees in stand containing 32 to 98%, which was connected with incompleteness of forest restoration succession process. The contribution of forest litter was no more than 3%; litter deposit was low (0,18-1,21 kg·m-2), which is not typical for spruce forests, as is the fact that all litter is of the destructive type. Living ground cover in terms of floristic composition and ecological-coenotic structure was typical for the subzone of coniferous-deciduous forests; its contribution to the overall productivity of forest biogeocenosis was insignificant. The spatial intrabiogeocenotic structure of litter reserves and living ground cover biomass distribution was disturbed compared to typical spruce forests due to the high proportion of deciduous species in the forest stand. Deciduous species inclusion in the tree tier, typical of the final stage of formation of a secondary coniferous forest during succession, caused a slight increase in the intensity of the biological cycle, which was indicated in this case by a decrease in the supply of litter and a simplification of their structure. Since the biomass and mortmass of tree stand make the greatest contribution to the sequestration of carbon by forest biogeocenoses, it is these components that require the most detailed assessment during monitoring observations, the purpose of which is to assess the carbon reserves of terrestrial ecosystems.

ОЦЕНКА СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ

The purpose of research is to determine the share of influence of factors in the overall variability of barley yield and assess stability using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods in the conditions of the south of the Moscow Region. According to the results of the study (2020–2022), significant contributions to yield variability were identified: environmental conditions – 81.9 %; genotypic characteristics – 7.4 and genotype × environment interaction – 8.2 %. 7 samples (280.7–345.2 g/m2) were classified as excee¬ding the standard. Evaluation by parametric (bi – regression coefficient; S2dᵢ – deviation from regression; θi – average variance component; θ(i) – GE variance component; Wi2 – environmental valence; σi2 – stability variance; CV – coefficient of variation) and nonparametric (S(1,2,3,6) – rank statistics; NP(i) – non-parametric stability statistics; KR – rank sum) stability indicators allowed us to identify differences in the response of the sample under study to environmental conditions. A high correlation was noted between S(3) and NP(4) (r = 0,90), S(1) and S(2) (r = 0,96), S(6) and NP(4) (r = 0,98), Wi2 and σi2, (r = 1,00), Wᵢ2 and θᵢ (r = 1,00), σ2ᵢ and θᵢ (r = 1,00), Wᵢ2 and θ(i) (r = –1,00), σ2ᵢ, and θ(i) (r = –1,00), θᵢ and θ(i) (r = –1,00). Relationship with productivity in such indicators as S(1), S(2), S(3), NP(1), Wᵢ2, σ2ᵢ, S2dᵢ, CV, θᵢ, θ(ᵢ) was weak, the greatest association was noted with bᵢ (r = 0,60), NP(3) (r = –0,67), NP(4) (r = –0,67), S(6) (r = –0,69), KR (r = –0,71), NP(2) (r = –0,78). Samples with a combination of stability and high yield were identified: Alei (k-31363, Russia), Maximus (k-31366, Russia), Austris (k-31368, Latvia), Povolzhsky Luch (k-31392, Russia).

Study of the process of tetracycline absorption by soil and its transformation during acid desorption

Introduction. Currently, control over the soil entry of antibiotics used in agriculture is becoming an urgent problem of environmental hygiene. Tetracycline can enter the soil with the excrement of domestic animals and affect biological objects, both microbiological and plant. The chemical form of tetracycline in the soil and the options for its transformation, in particular during sample preparation for analysis, are factors that determine the intensity of this effect and the reliability of analytical control. The lack of information about the transformation of the drug under chemical influence determined the relevance of the research. Materials and methods. The studies were performed using the Stayer chromatographic system with a Shodex IC YS-50 150/4.6 cation column and a Kromasil C18 HPLC column with amperometric and conductometric detection. The objects of research were model soil samples with different tetracycline contents. When conducting research, soddy-podzolic soil from the «Nemchinovka» experimental field (Moscow region) and GSO No. chernozem were used. Results. Solutions obtained after acid-methanol desorption of tetracycline from soil samples were studied using HPLC and IC (Ionochromatographic methods). As a result of desorption, complex forms of substances, including both natural organic substances of the soil and tetracycline components, were established to pass into the aqueous phase. These forms of substances are fixed with a Shodex IC YS-50 cation exchange column and are not fixed by HPLC with a Kromasil C18 column. The possibility of isolating a chromatographic signal corresponding to the tetracycline component using ion chromatography has been demonstrated. Limitations. To create a method for measuring tetracycline in soil, it is necessary to test a larger number of soil species that differ in the content of organic matter to identify in detail the interfering effect of the organic matrix during chromatographic analysis. Conclusion. Research has shown tetracycline chemically to bind to soil matter, forming cationic complexes. After treating the soil with a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and methanol, tetracycline is quantitatively extracted from the soil in combination with natural soil organic matter. These forms of substances are detected by a Shodex IC YS-50 cationic column and are not detected by HPLC with a Kromasil C18 column. Selective analysis of the cationic form containing the tetracycline moiety is possible.

Environmental and Technological Aspects of the Functioning of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Complexes (on the Example of the Moscow Region)

The existing scheme, key operations and technologies used in the company for sorting and processing municipal solid waste in the Moscow region have been considered. The features of waste streams entering the waste processing system have been studied, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the morphological composition have been presented, actual data on the composition of pollutant emissions generated at different stages of waste sorting and processing have been analyzed, the most problematic areas and priority eco-toxicants have been identified.

Личностные факторы профессионального выгорания у школьных учителей

<p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance. There is a lack of information in the scientific literature about predictors of professional burnout among schoolteachers. This complicates psychological work to prevent and overcome professional burnout syndrome, which is a consequence of significant physical and psychological overload among modern teachers. The aim. To identify the most significant personal factors of professional burnout among schoolteachers. Study design. The article analyzes the relationship between the professional burnout of schoolteachers and such personal factors as the professional motivation of teachers, their meaningful life orientations, strategies for coping behavior, satisfaction with various aspects of pedagogical activity. Materials and methods. The study involved 409 teachers of secondary schools in Moscow and the Moscow region aged 23 to 65 years. The following questionnaires were used: «Professional Burnout» questionnaire, «Life Orientations Test», «Job Satisfaction Components Questionnaire», «Coping Methods Questionnaire», «Professional Motivation Questionnaire». Data analysis was carried out using correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results. It is shown that the socio-psychological qualities of the individual, necessary for building the pedagogical interaction of the teacher with other participants in educational relations, primarily with the parents of students, are of high importance for reducing the risk of professional burnout. The most significant personal factors that are predictors of professional burnout among schoolteachers with different indicators of burnout have been identified (dissatisfaction with interaction with students’ parents, the predominance of controlled motivation for work, preference for unconstructive strategies for coping with problematic situations, a feeling of unfulfillment and inability to fully manage one’s life). Conclusions. Psychological, advisory and psychotherapeutic assistance to schoolteachers can be expanded by correcting work motivation, using positive reappraisal and non-confrontation to cope with difficult situations, and teaching effective means of communication with other participants in educational relations.</p>

Prospects for the use of moisture-temperature UAV metrics to assess the state of land-use territories in planning and conducting spring field work

In the Central region of the Russian Federation, the favorable period for spring field work is short, but extremely important for obtaining the planned harvest. The possibility of tillage is mainly determined by its humidity after snowmelt. For the preparation and adjustment of plans for mechanized work, operational georeferenced information on the hydrological state of the soil in the land-use area is necessary, for which moisture-temperature UAV-metry can be used. Purpose – to evaluate the possibility of using the data obtained by multisensory UAV-s during the survey of agricultural landscapes to identify economically significant hydrological heterogeneity of territories. Agricultural landscapes in the Yuriev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region on gray forest loams and in the Shatura district of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic and podzolic sandy soils were examined. Their significant hydrological heterogeneity has been revealed, including local waterlogged areas with different causes of water stagnation. It is established that the dynamics of the hydrology of fields and the network of country roads are closely related. The use of UAV sensing data will help to eliminate the problem of difficult passage to the fields by carrying out appropriate measures and establishing the correct order of processing of land plots. To obtain the necessary information by agricultural enterprises, interdepartmental cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Ecology, the Ministry of Forestry, AVTODOR, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Energy Networks, as well as the use of the “Digital Earth system” is promising. The inclusion of moisture-temperature UAV-s in the production system – a plan for the preparation and conduct of spring field work, opens up new opportunities for their high-quality performance due to the timely identification of risk areas and appropriate adjustments. The priority object of the development application at the first stage should be considered roads – a key factor for rural areas.

Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Basal Rot in the Moscow Region of Russian Federation.

Fusarium basal rot of onions causes large losses during storage of commercial production of onion bulbs, which in turn adversely affects the food market situation in the off-season period. There are no data on the composition of Fusarium spp., which causes onion basal rot in the Russian Federation. Therefore, our research was aimed at Fusarium spp. causing onion basal rot in the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation and studying the pathogenicity of these species for the host plant. We studied 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. collected from affected mature bulbs and seed bulbs. Species identification of the isolates was carried out using analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the three genetic loci ITS, tef1 and rpb2, as well as was based on the macro- and micromorphological characteristics of these isolates. As a result, the species F. annulatum (F. fujikuroi species complex), F. oxysporum (F. oxysporum species complex), F. acuminatum (F. tricinctum species complex) and F. solani (F. solani species complex) were identified to involve in the pathogenesis of Fusarium basal rot. We have shown for the first time that the species F. annulatum and F. acuminatum are highly aggressive and capable of causing onion basal rot. The predominant species were F. annulatum and F. oxysporum. The proportion of these species in the total number of analyzed isolates was 60% and 25%, respectively. The largest proportion (33%) of highly aggressive on mature bulbs isolates was found in the species F. annulatum. The data obtained provide practical insights for developing strategies to manage Fusarium fungi responsible for onion basal rot Moscow Region of the Russian Federation. In addition, data about species composition and aggressive isolates may be used in onion breeding for resistance to Fusarium basal rot.

Состояние посадок ясеня пенсильванского Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh в Московском регионе после инвазии ясеневой узкотелой златки Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)

In 2017-2023 on the territory of Moscow region studied three types of plantings of Pennsylvania ash that survived the invasion of Agrilus planipennis in 2005-2012. All the trees damaged by the larvae A. planipennis. Most of the trees died (75%), the surviving trees remain the chronic ground of pests for twenty years. The surviving trees (25%) cropped, the assessment of their condition in 2017-2018 met the criterion of "weakened", in 2018-2023 – "severely weakened". The improvement in the condition of the trees in 2014-2018 replaced by a deterioration in 2021. Among the three types of plantings, the satisfactory condition of trees found in squares and multi–row plantings along streets, poor - in single-row plantings along streets. In the next decade most of the plantings along the streets degrade, other types of plantings remain. At the squares and parks of the center of the Moscow megalopolis, the trees partially restores the crown and partially overgrowing of old larval galleries on trunks. Damage by A. planipennis on multi-row plantings along highways provoked an outbreak of Leperesinus varius in 2006-2008. The synergy of A. planipennis and L. varius caused the rapid death of the Pennsylvania ash tree in the Moscow region. Trees trimmed to 1/3 of the crown and the "weakened" category live for at least 8 years, the "severely weakened" category – for at least 5 years. Removing from 1/3 to 2/3 of the crown is advisable only for trees of the "weakened" category. Removing more than 2/3 of the crown and topping with the removal of the top and skeletal branches leads to death of the tree. Keywords: GREEN ASH, EMERALD ASH BORER, HEALTH OF URBAN PLANTINGS

ОЦЕНКА РАЦИОНОВ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПРЕДУНИВЕРСАРИЯ НА ПРЕДМЕТ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ИНДОЛОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Annotation. A sociological study conducted by the authors showed that the nutritional intake of indoles through the use of vegetable products of the cabbage family Brassicaceae among respondents - medical students - is at a low level. Analysis of the questionnaires showed that only 35% of respondents use cabbage family vegetables in their diet, providing the daily intake. At the same time, 10% of students do not use this group of products in food at all, which proves the absence of indoles in the body. According to the survey, white cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are most often used in the diet. Brussels sprouts have the highest level of glucosolate content, but unfortunately this vegetable was not noticed in the diet of students, perhaps this is due to the fact that the vegetable is not popular enough in the Moscow region. For proper nutritional intake of the recommended amount of indolic substances, it is necessary to regularly use cabbage family vegetables in the diet, preferably raw or with minimal heat cooking in portions of 50-100 grams at a time. Of particular concern is the fact that all respondents are medical students and, as expected, should be more attentive to their health. There is an obvious urgent need to introduce additional elective hours into training programs, during which students need to be introduced to the principles of forming a food set that provides not only the supply of nutrients, but also has a functional property due to the content of biologically active compounds. Due to the importance of indole consumption and the survey results - about low consumption of vegetables, the next stage of work we plan to develop a diet for students taking into account the norms of indole consumption.

Перспективы селекции вики озимой мохнатой (Vicia villosa Roth.) в Нечерноземной зоне России

In the Non-Chernozem zone, winter vetch is the only legume component of winter grain crops for forage purposes. In spring, summer and autumn, it can be used for feeding animals, harvesting hay, silage, and haylage. However, due to the relatively low winter hardiness, it has not yet been widely used in the feed production of the Non-Chernozem zone. The average winter hardiness of most vetch varieties in the Moscow region is 57–65%. In Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology has developed a strategy for creating winter vetch varieties with high winter hardiness, resistance to abiotic stresses, high yields in green mass and seeds. The work was based on the thesis that the external environment can be used as an effective selective background, allowing genotypes with low adaptive potential to stress factors to be excluded from the population during the replanting process. As a source material, it is recommended to use old-town, naturally formed populations belonging to the Central Russian ecological and geographical group by the method of intraspecific hybridization in combination with targeted artificial and natural selection in phytocenosis and provocative backgrounds, varieties of winter vetch Lugovskaya 2 and Lugovskaya 3 were created. Winter hardiness of these varieties reaches 90–92%, dry matter yield 52–79 centner/ha, seeds 9.1–10.5 centner/ha. The values of the Serpukhovskaya standard variety were 64%, 37 and 4.1 centner/ha, respectively. High winter hardiness and increased competitiveness in the phytocenosis of new varieties is provided mainly by the formation of shoots from underground and lower aboveground nodes.

Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in carries of rs174544 polymorphism of FADS1 gene and rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene from central region of the Russian Federation before and after supplementation of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs

Numerous publications have demonstrated that polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster influence the levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) synthesized in the body from essential precursors. They can be consumed through the diet as well. These LC PUFAs perform important plastic and regulatory functions in the body. The associations between the polymorphisms of FADS genes and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the body with some inflammatory and chronic diseases were shown. To date, very few studies in the Russian Federation researched the distribution of polymorphic variants in FADS1 and FADS2 genes and no studies examined the effects of these polymorphisms on the level of FAs in tissues.So, the purpose of this paper was to study the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the rs174544 polymorphism of the FADS1 gene and the rs174583 polymorphism of the FADS2 gene and their influence on the FA composition of erythrocyte membranes in residents of the Central region of the Russian Federation (RF). Additionally, the effect of ω-3 PUFAs fortified food products on this composition was examined. MethodsThe study included 70 volunteers aged 23–69 years from Moscow region who provided informed consent. They were genotyped for rs174544 polymorphism of FADS1 gene and rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene by real-time PCR. The participants of the study consumed fruit or vegetable smoothies enriched with either vegetable (chia seeds flour) or animal (fish oil flour) sources of ω-3 PUFAs for 1 month. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in some of the volunteers was analysed using gas-chromatography before and after fortification of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23. ResultsThe frequency of genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms studied were similar to those published for the European region. For rs174544, the genotype frequencies were CC (61%), CA (29%), and AA (10%), frequency of allele A was 24%. For rs174583, the genotype frequencies were CC (51%), CT (39%), and TT (10%), frequency of allele T was 29%. Carriers of minor alleles of both polymorphisms studied had significantly higher levels of ω-6 and ω-3 LC PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes compared to those carrying other genotypes. This differs from the results of other studies where carriers of minor alleles as were shown to be slow converters of precursors to LC PUFAs. The reason of the discrepancy was most likely associated with the obesity and dietary preferences of our study participants who carry the minor alleles. Over the period of one-month consumption of food sources providing an additional intake of either 2 g/day ω-3 PUFAs from fish oil or 6.5 g/day of ω-3 PUFAs from chia seed flour markedly reduced the incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes in carriers of minor alleles. Additionally, there was an increase in the content of saturated palmitic acid in the membranes that noticeably changed the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes. ConclusionOur results confirm the observation that blood fatty acid composition related to polymorphisms of FADS gene is highly influenced by BMI. The incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes decreases when the diet is fortified with ω-3 PUFAs. This decrease can help reduce the formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and the risk of various inflammatory and chronic diseases, especially in carriers of minor alleles of the genetic polymorphisms studied.

Лизиметрическим исследованиям в Федеральном научном центре кормопроизводства и агроэкологии имени В.Р. Вильямса исполнилось 50 лет

The study of ecosystems, biological and ecological features of perennial grasses, soils, groundwater and monitoring of their dynamics are impossible without lysimetric studies. Lysimeters serve as a reliable means of studying and managing agroecosystems and the entire complex of plant development factors. At the All-Union Williams feed research Institute, lysimetric studies on the study, regulation and forecasting of water, food and thermal regimes of reclaimed natural forage lands in the agroecosystem "soil — plant — infiltration runoff" on irrigated pastures in the conditions of the Central District of the Non-Chernozem zone (Moscow region) were started at the Lysimetric Station built in 1972. The station includes a laboratory building, a tunnel room with a depth of about 3 m and a length of more than 40 m, a hardware room, lysimetric devices and installations of a special design. The lysimetric installation allows you to jointly study the water balance, the balance of chemicals and automate the observation processes. The developed design of the measuring equipment increased the accuracy of the experiment, and due to its small dimensions, it allowed experiments to significantly expand the range of studied groundwater depths (from 0.75 m to 2 m). Lysimeters of 2 types (for water balance and agrochemical studies) are designed for year-round observations. The results of lysimetric studies are extrapolated to areas with similar environmental conditions.

Analysis and evaluation of the use of resource potential in agriculture

Stable development and efficiency of the agricultural industry is the basis of the state’s food security. The article is devoted to the issues of analysis and assessment of the production and resource potential of organizations. The results of a study on the analysis of indicators of agricultural production in value and volume terms, and the economic efficiency of agricultural organizations located in the Moscow region are presented. A methodology for comparative comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of using the resource potential of agricultural organizations is proposed. The results obtained can be used to identify reserves for increasing the efficiency of economic activities of agricultural organizations, developing a development strategy, justifying business plans and management decisions at various levels.

Influence of mineral, organic, organomineral fertilization on winter hardiness components of columnar apple tree (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh.)

Intensive biological technologies of apple-tree cultivation with application of organic and mineral fertilizers form high nitrogen nutrition, thus leading to prolonged growth of fruit plants and reducing their winter hardiness. Columnar apple tree fail to demonstrate high potential for winter hardiness. Therefore, research into regularities and mechanisms behind the influence of nutritional status of columnar apple tree on indicators of plant winter hardiness is considered relevant. The research was aimed at establishing the influence of mineral, organic, organomineral fertilization on the components of winter hardiness of columnar apple trees grown on podzolic soil. Materials and methods. The research involved the ‘Triumph’, ‘President’, ‘Ostankino’ columnar apple varieties, as well as organic and mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in 2016–2021 in the agrochemical experiment station of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow region) on podzolic soil of medium-loam particle size distribution. The experimental design included 4 variants: 1) control without fertilizers; 2) N90K90; 3) organic fertilizers 100 t/ha; 4) N90K90 organic fertilizers 100 t/ha. Naa (ammonium saltpeter), KCl mineral fertilizers were applied annually, organic fertilizer (horse manure with sawdust) was applied in 2014. Winter hardiness components and plant samples were analyzed according to generally accepted methods. According to the research into the influence of mineral, organic, organomineral fertilization on the components of winter hardiness of columnar apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown on podzolic soil in the conditions of the Moscow region, the fertilizer is found inefficient in terms of providing the optimal level of nitrogen nutrition of columnar apple tree plants, except for ‘Triumph’ variety when getting organic fertilizers at a dose of 100 t/ha. In January, fructose prevailed in the sugars of annual shoots of columnar apple tree plants. The ‘Triumph’ and ‘President’ varieties showed a tendency to increase in the content of fructose and glucose as compared with the control when getting organic fertilizers and their combination with mineral fertilizers. The same tendency was observed in the ‘Ostankino’ variety for the content of ascorbic acid in annual shoots, whereas this indicator of the ‘Triumph’ and ‘President’ varieties demonstrated the opposite trend. The ascorbic acid content in annual shoots in winter appeared consistent with its content in August shoots and remained independent on the content in leaves in August. With a decrease in temperature to -40 °C (component II of winter hardiness), the ‘Triumph ‘and ‘Ostankino’ varieties suffered reversible damage to the vegetative buds from 0 to 2.0 points, the ‘President’ variety introduced with 100 tons/ha organic fertilizers demonstrated an increase in damage to the vegetative buds to 3.17 points. The greatest damage to reproductive buds in the ‘President’ and ‘Ostankino’ varieties (3.85-3.91 on the control) was observed in component II of winter hardiness. The application of mineral and organic fertilizers increased these damages to complete death of reproductive buds. Injuries to bark, cambium in all variants of the studied varieties did not exceed 2.0 points. Wood appeared more damaged in the ‘Ostankino’ variety (up to 4.03 points in the combined application of N90K90 and 100 t/ha of organic fertilizers) as well as in the Triumph variety (up to 3.80 points in the N90K90 variant). As for component III of winter hardiness, an irreversible damage was noted for reproductive buds of the studied varieties in all variants of the experiment. In terms of component IV of winter hardiness, irreversible changes occurred in reproductive buds to the greatest extent (complete death in the ‘Triumph’ and ‘President’ varieties); in the tissue under reproductive buds, to the greatest extent in the ‘President’ variety (3.07 points in the variant of 100 tons/ha of organic fertilizers) and in the ‘Ostankino’ variety (2.76 points in N90K90), at the core, the maximum damage was noted in the N90K90 variant in the ‘Triumph’ (3.22 points) and ‘Ostankino’ (2.76 points) varieties.

Evaluation of yield and stability of spring barley mutants of M5-M7 generations

Yield is an important indicator when creating new varieties of crops. Seeking high and stable yields is considered essential in barley breeding. The stability of the studied genotypes was analyzed using various statistical indicators, namely, bᵢ, S²dᵢ, Wi2, σ2i, CV. The experiment was conducted to evaluate yield and stability of barley mutants of M5-M7 generations by parametric statistics. The experiment involved 40 mutants of spring barley belonging to the two-row subsp. distichon L. and six-row subsp. vulgare obtained after mutagenic treatment with phosphemide in two concentrations. The research was carried out in 2020‒2022 on the experimental plot of Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow region, Russia). Phenotypic manifestation of the considered traits and yield varied depending on the year of the experiment. Mutants G3, G5, G7, G16, G19, G20, G22, G23, G24, G27, G29, G33, G34, G40 were characterized by a statistically significant excess of control samples on the weight of 1000 grains. The yield of the studied mutants obtained from the Zernogradsky 813 sample was noted in the range of 282.0– 317.9 g/m2, Dz02-129 had 137.2–201.5 g/m2, C.I.10995 had 90.9–282.7 g/m2, a high variability of this trait was observed with the coefficient of variation equal to 71.02 – 152.42%. The highest value of pair correlation of yield was registered with grain weight per plant (r=0.370) and weight of 1000 grains (r=0.371). Strong conjugation was found between bi and CV (r=0.659); S²di and Wi 2 (r=0.885), σ2i (r=0.885); σ2i and Wi 2 (r=1.000). In addition, a close correlation of yield was noted with bᵢ (r=0.459), S²di (r=0.462), Wi2 (r=0.470), σ2 (r=0.470). Mutants G4, G28, G29 were characterized by relatively stable yields. The complex of economic traits combined with high yield potential was possessed by two-row G1, G2, G40 and multi-row G16, G23 to be recommended for use in the breeding process for high productivity.