Moscow Power Engineering Institute Research Articles

Improving the Quality of Social, Cultural and Humanitarian Education in Modern Universities: A Discourse

A teacher plays a vital role in improving the quality of social, cultural and humanitarian (SCH) education. He/she channels and corrects students when they take steps towards a specific goal, delivers knowledge, manages the learning process, and shapes behavioural patterns. This research aims to contribute to the improvement of SCH education quality in modern universities. The study was carried out with the participation of 790 students from 7 universities: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow), the Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys, the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, the Voronezh State University, and the North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk). The survey reveals uncongenial findings: 30% of the respondents are satisfied with the quality of SCH education in their university, 67% are unsatisfied, and 3% are not sure. The findings allow teachers of humanities and social studies to apply the mechanism described in this study in educational contexts. This research tackles the Elabuga model of education quality improvement in the context of various universities and institutes. The research shows that the Elabuga teaching model has improved the quality of students majoring in humanities and social studies and led to a qualitative and frequent use of innovative methods. Thus, from the US and Russian experience in socio-cultural and humanitarian education, it is evident that Humanities and Social Studies will be more in line with Science and Engineering in years to come.

Expert survey and analysis of the results

The issues of organizing an expert survey and carrying out statistical processing and analysis of the results are considered. The experts are the fifth-year students undergoing training at the Department of Management and Informatics «Moscow Power Engineering Institute» of the National Research University. The goal of the survey is revealing the disciplines that are most useful for employment in their specialty. We discuss the special features of the survey and a concept of «work in the specialty», with due regard for statistical reliability of the results. Data of written questionnaire gained in 2018 were processed and analyzed using cluster analysis (construction of dendrograms and application of the K-means method) and non-parametric statistical criteria (Friedman and Mann – Whitney – Wilcoxon). Data processing is implemented in the program STATISTICA. The analysis is carried out to reveal significant differences between the educational courses and assess the degree of consistency of the respondents to divide them into clusters that unite the students with similar judgments. Data analysis revealed that experts’ estimates in 2018 are in fairly good agreement with the estimates of previous studies; among the respondents there are three coalitions corresponding to the training modules «Software», «Management Theory», «Data Analysis»; the overall consistency of students in the two groups is very low (and, on the contrary, high in the identified clusters); grades are homogeneous and do not depend on training groups (and employment – unemployment of the respondents). The obtained results allow us to address a number of important questions regarding the ways of improving the educational process, e.g., to optimize yearly course hours for different educational modules.

Development strategy of the energy supply system for MPEI campus blocks based on green building

The article presents the development strategy of the energy supply system for National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (MPEI) buildings based on green building. The designing mathematical model of one of MPEI academic buildings connected with the Scientific and technical library of the University has been created in Passive House Planning Package and designPH software. The parameters of the building energy supply system with the lowest energy consumption are presented.

A Technique for Scanning Probe Measurement of Temperature Fields in a Liquid Flow

For designing different heat and power equipment with a wide range of applications, it is necessary to measure the fields of thermophysical characteristics (temperature, pressure, velocities, etc.) in as much detail as possible. At the same time, the deployment of complex diagnostic methods is often impossible. Therefore, it is most practical to use movable probes that move in the flow and make measurements at separate points. The use of such scanning measurement methods is a complex task that requires the solution of many mechanical and thermophysical problems. The techniques of scanning probe measurements for determining thermal characteristics in the flows of various media are described. A review is given concerning the development of probe-based investigation methods since the 1960s. Joint probe developments concerning the probes made by the scientific group of the Engineering Thermophysics Department of the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute and the Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, for two-dimensional and three-dimensional temperature and velocity measurements in water and mercury flows are presented in detail. The experience in the development and use of scanning probes is summarized in three main designs, such as a hinged probe, a probe with eccentricity, and a longitudinal probe. Descriptions, methods of application, and the features of their operation are considered for these designs. The results obtained by using the probes of various designs in the course of experiments with water and mercury are considered. The choice of a required technique is substantiated depending on the preset conditions of the problem, such as the geometric characteristics of the investigated area, the presence of a magnetic field, the influence of thermal and gravity factors.

International Scientific Conference on Informatics: Problems, Methodologies and Technologies

PrefaceAnnual international scientific conference «Informatics: problems, methodologies, technologies» is being held since 2001. Conference is a platform for international cooperation and collaboration of scientists from near and far abroad (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Germany, Bulgaria, Turkey, Iraq, Afghanistan). From the Russian side, the scientists from the leading universities take part in conference: Moscow State University, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Higher School of Economics - National Research University, Novosibirsk State University, Southern Federal University etc. In total, scientists from Top-100 leading universities and dozens of scientific organizations yearly participate in conference. The subject matter of the topics is presented by several scientific schools on data processing and protection, modelling in fundamental and applied researches and telecommunication.Conference’s main areas of work:Mathematical and computer modelingMathematical and computer softwareProject technology of IT-based learningComputer modelling and educational technologyTechnology of searching information on the InternetThe development and use electronic educational resourcesProfessionalization: requirements for IT-competencesThe conference was organized by Voronezh State University and leading research and production companies: Atos solutions and services, DataArt, with the support of Department of Education and Science of Voronezh region.Algazinov EduardDean of the Computer Science Faculty, Voronezh State University, Russian FederationAleksandr ShashkinDean of the Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, Voronezh State University, Russian FederationList of Organizing Institutions, Supporting Institutions, Program Committee, Organizing Committee, Editors and Conference Paper Review Process are available in this pdf.

V.A. KOTELNIKOV: PROMOTION THE FUTURE OF DIGITALIZATION

A short interaction with a great man is supplying your life with a source that is generating innovative ideas and thoughts. My work at the department of Moscow power engineering institute, headed by academician VA. Kotelnikov, filled my scientific life with the idea of creating an optical computer that can solve in a flesh the problems solved by a modern supercomputer in a month. This idea has different derivatives, for example, points to possible traps of digitalization, especially in the development of collective and artificial intelligence methods.

International University Network Internet Project of Integrated Engineering Education

The transfer of educational technologies of the OECD countries for higher technical education in the CIS requires significant financial and material resources. It is advisable to unite pedagogical teams and the laboratory base of universities that train specialists in related specialties using the Internet. The international scientific and educational network Internet project “Synergy” has been implemented with the support of the concern “Festo” (Germany). The universities directly involved in the regular educational activities of the project are NIU Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, the Baltic State Technical University “VOENMECH” named after D.F. Ustinova, Omsk State Technical University and Karaganda State Technical University. The laboratories of the project participants are equipped with modern training stands and multimedia tools for conducting on-line courses and laboratory work in the remote access mode produced by the leading domestic and foreign companies including world leaders in the field of automation and robotics Festo, Siemens, Mitsubishi Auto Electrician.Regular online training has been organized with the use of exchange, composite and embedded module courses. The experience gained in the process of project implementation became the basis for the development of a new interdisciplinary program for the specialized magistracy as “Robotics. Control systems” for the Kazakhstan industry. The international university network project “Synergy” can become the basis for the practical implementation of the principles of the Bologna process, taking into account the specifics of the CIS countries.

Russian hydropower sector and its human resources under digitization conditions

This study considers the issues regarding qualitative transition of the economy to an innovative development way as part of the main demographic trends in the labor market. In particular, in the market segment where the electric generating companies of the energy industry are operating, the specificity of the PJSC RUSHYDRO labor resources quality was studied and the practical personnel training and development for the industry was assessed by the leading university of the country, State Federal-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (SFFE IHPT NRU “MEI”). This paper has investigated some aspects of innovative processes in the energy industry, which are hindered by a whole system of restrictions. These restrictions include negative trends associated with the formation of domestic scientific potential. The innovative vector of strategic development of energy companies dictates new requirements of employers for the quality of personnel training and retraining. The authors proposed an algorithm for the organization and development of educational and practical activities of the university for Russian research and production companies in the electric power industry.

2nd International Telecommunication Conference “Advanced Micro - and Nanoelectronic Systems and Technologies”

Second International Telecommunication Conference on Advanced Micro - and Nanoelectronic Systems and TechnologiesV S Pershenkov, D S Veselov and G I Zebrev*National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russian FederationCorresponding author’s e-mail address: GIZebrev@mephi.ruSecond International Telecommunication Conference on Advanced Micro - and Nanoelectronic Systems and Technologies took place from June 1st to June 2nd 2017 at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute). It was organized by the Micro - and Nanoelectronic Department of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (the oldest Microelectronic department in Russia (USSR).The Conference consists of one plenary and three oral and poster sessions. The plenary session presented the most significant results of Micro - and Nanoelectronic Department MEPHI and other participants. This Conference provides to participants an opportunity to discuss their scientific and technical results in a wide audience of leading industry experts.The main topics of the Conference were• Semiconductor physics;• Design of micro - and nanosystems;• Manufacturing technology of micro - and nanosystems.More than 150 specialists on Micro - and Nanoelectronics took part in the Conference. They represented leading Russian scientific research centres and universities (such as National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI), D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia and many others) and universities from Armenia, Belarus, Ukraine, Germany, Colombia, Spain, South Korea, Republic of Uzbekistan.We would like to thank all of the speakers, participants and organizing committee members for their contribution to the Conference.

Гуманитарная составляющая модернизации инженерного образования в условиях четвертой промышленной революции

The new avenues in the innovative development of the education system are determined by the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. A strategy aimed at transforming the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute (NRU MPEI) into a higher school corresponding to the University 3.0 concept, is being consistently implemented at the NRU MPEI, which combines scientific, educational, and technological innovations in its activities. The importance of the problem is reflected in the decisions of the Academic Council meeting held on February 15, 2019 and in the report presented by the NRU MPEI rector N.D. Rogalev. The key figure in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also termed as Industry 4.0, an organizational and technical system intended for achieving technological breakthroughs, is an engineer. The training of engineers is a strategic objective of utmost importance; its successful solution is a necessary condition for making the state competitive and able to ensure national security. A graduate from an engineering and technical higher school who will be in demand at a neoindustrial production facility must have universal competences of both professional and general cultural content. In this regard, the role of the humanitarian component in the engineering training of students is invariably increasing, because it is only humanities that form a new thinking pattern in a specialist who strives for constant self-improvement and self-education. The purpose of the article is to study the leading theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of modern approaches to humanitarian training of engineers under the conditions of shaping the Industry 4.0 system. Engineering activities in the post-industrial world are becoming increasingly integrated, comprehensive, and innovative in nature. It is exactly through the system of engineering education that highly qualified personnel are trained for the Industry 4.0 system, which determines the growth of its importance. Professional competences are of top priority for the future specialist, but the dynamics of their obsolescence is very high. In the modern realities of neoindustrialism, the creative and projective abilities of students, which are least prone to devaluation, are of utmost importance. The article presents a comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience and discusses ways avenues of imparting more humane and humanitarian features to engineering education under the conditions of forming the University 3.0 model and on the basis of implementing universal competences according to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3++.

Плазменная технология формирования поверхности электродов кардиостимуляторов из рутения

The electric pacemaker (EP), a device for electrically stimulating the myocardium, is widely used for treating and rehabilitating patients who have suffered heart attacks and other heart diseases. Stable transfer of energy in impulses from the EP to the heart and the optimal coordination between the EP parameters and the pacemaker electrodes are the most important conditions for the EP operation. The electrode is electrically connected with the myocardium tissue mainly through capacitive coupling. To stimulate the myocardium, an electrical impulse with duration of 100–300 µs and energy of 1–5 μJ is required; with the stimulation threshold equal to 1 V, the coupling capacitance should be equal to 2–10 µF. When an electric potential is applied to the electrode, a double electric layer (DEL) appears in the blood electrolyte at the electrode surface. The DEL’s capacitive impedance is significantly higher than its ohmic resistance. The DEL is electrically equivalent to two series-connected capacitors, and its capacitance is determined by the capacitances of the DEL’s inner dense part and of its outer diffuse part. To improve the EP efficiency, the DEL capacitance should be increased. To do so, two methods are used: increasing the electrode surface area by extending its surface and increasing the surface adsorption by using special coatings. The modern pacemaker electrodes have the characteristic size of extended surface inhomogeneity equal to around 1 µm, which is larger than the DEL’s inner dense layer thickness, which is less than 1 nm. Therefore, for pacemaker electrodes, the size of the surface structure elements should be reduced down to 1 nm. Such structures of the "fuzz" type can be obtained by processing materials with plasma. A PLM plasma installation intended for obtaining an extended surface nanostructure on metals, including that of the “fuzz” type, has been constructed at the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Electrodes of metals from the platinum group are the most promising ones; the iridium coating of the electrodes has the lowest capacitive impedance. Ruthenium (Ru) also belongs to the platinum group of elements. In this study, ruthenium, an element which is a chemical analog of iridium but having a number of technological advantages, has for the first time been proposed for coating the electrodes. Ruthenium is the only one of these elements that is naturally present in the human body. In addition, ruthenium is significantly cheaper than iridium. In the PLM installation, a nanostructured coating of ruthenium is produced on the electrode by sputtering Ru by means of a target in plasma discharge. It is proposed to test a few approaches, including that in which a “fuzz” type structure is produced on a titanium surface. After that, ruthenium can be sprayed onto this structure, or a “fuzz” type structure can be produced already on the deposited ruthenium layer. Such experiments open the possibility to develop a new technology for making the pacemaker electrodes with improved characteristics.

Анализ методов измерения величины молекулярного веса полимерных материалов изоляционной конструкции энергетического оборудования в процессе его эксплуатации

The need of solving the problem concerned with measuring the polymerization degree (molecular weight) of polymeric dielectric systems is stemming from its practical significance, which implies the availability of a reliable polymerization degree measurement method that would fully meet the power equipment maintenance requirements. The problem is rather intricate in nature, and the requirements are quite stringent. In 2017, the Public Council of Specialists for Diagnostics of Power Electrical Equipment at the Engineering Technical Center (ETC) of UralEnergoEngineering commenced studies of existing and newly developed methods for estimating the polymerization degree of insulating papers that form the insulating structure of power electrical equipment. These studies were carried out with participation of scientific groups, which used different approaches to solving the stated problem. The article presents the results from discussion of polymerization degree measurement methods differing from each other in nature (chemical, optical and electrical), which were outlined in the reports presented at the Interregional Scientific and Practical Workshop held in the Smolensk Branch of the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute (NRU MPEI) on April 26, 2018. It is emphasized (ETC of UralEnergoEngineering, Associate Professor V.N. Osotov) that the chemical method recommended by the relevant regulatory documents does not allow to get a full idea about the paper insulation ageing degree. Indirect methods (analysis of gases dissolved in oil, content of furans in it, etc.) do not yield a quantitative assessment of the ageing degree of the operating insulation system. Alternative methods of nondestructive testing and devices for estimating the polymerization degree of insulating papers: the spectral one (developed by Professor V.K. Kozlov from the Kazan Power Engineering University) and the method of dielectric absorption currents (developed by Professor V.A. Chernyshev from the Smolensk Branch of the NRU MPEI) meet the power equipment maintenance requirements to a fuller extent.

Impact of Climate Changes on the Regional Energy Balances and Energy Exports from Russia

Based on the approaches developed by the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute (NRU MPEI) and the Energy Research Institute (ERI), the results of calculations of total world energy consumption and by groups of countries for the period up to 2050, with allowance for the anticipated climate changes, as well as resource and environmental restrictions, are presented. The estimates of energy consumption in various world regions for the period up to 2050 are based on a historical extrapolation approach to the research of energy consumption dynamics with allowance for the dependence of its optimal level on natural and geographical conditions. Using the SCANER simulation computer system developed by the Energy Research Institute for the study of energy markets, forecast fuel and energy balances for various regions have been made, which are aimed at meeting the national commitments on the Paris Agreement (2015) of the countries participating in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and international flows of the main energy carriers have been calculated. Estimates of the possible oil and gas export from Russia in the context of various scenarios for the development of the world energy sector have been made. It is shown that the fundamental processes currently taking place in the global energy complex, such as the development of new renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, the control and constraint on greenhouse gas emissions, and the uncertain status of nuclear energy, will contribute to an increase in demand for oil and, especially, natural gas from Russia and facilitate the rise in exports of these energy carriers, predominantly in the Asian direction.

Errata: Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, Vol. 20, No.1, 2018, "On Frequency Estimation for Partially Observed System with Small Noises in State and Observation Equations", pp. 67-72.

Errata: Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, Vol. 20, No.1, 2018, "On Frequency Estimation for Partially Observed System with Small Noises in State and Observation Equations", pp. 67-72. The third author should have the number 3 at the name, i. e. 3 Mariana Marcokova and two affiliations as follows: 3 Department of Structural Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, University of Zilina, Slovakia and Department of Electronics and Nanoelectronics, National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Russia.

The Effect of Condensing Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Body Geometry on Exhaust Performance Efficiency

The article presents data from combined numerical and experimental investigations of the effect that the overall dimensions of the exhaust hood of a steam turbine with an underslung condenser has on the aerodynamic losses in the hood. Owing to the properly selected minimum permissible overall dimensions of the exhaust hood, more efficient operation of this turbine component is achieved, better vibration stability of the turbine set shaft line is obtained, and lower costs are required for arranging the steam turbine plant in the turbine building. Experiments have shown that the main overall dimensions of the hood body have a determining effect on the exhaust hood flow path profile and on its aerodynamic performance. Owing to properly selected ratios between the exhaust hood body main sizes without a diffuser, a total loss coefficient equal to approximately unity has been obtained. By using an axial–radial diffuser, the energy loss can be decreased by 30–40% depending on the geometrical parameters and level of velocities in the inlet section of a hood having the optimal overall dimensions. By using the obtained results, it becomes possible to evaluate the overall dimensions necessary for achieving the maximal aerodynamic hood efficiency and, as a consequence, to obtain better technical and economic indicators of the turbine plant as a whole already at the initial stage of its designing. If a need arises to select overall dimensions smaller than their optimal values, the increase of energy loss can be estimated using the presented dependences. The cycle of investigations was carried out on the experimental setups available in the fundamental research laboratory of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute National University’s Department of Steam and Gas Turbines with due regard to the operating parameters and similarity criteria.

ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BEST AVAILABLE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

The paper contains general information on the environmental impact assessment of the projects in Russia in compliance with the relevant federal legislation taking into account changed and additions. The paper describes the main types of environmental expertise applied in Russia, and the main objects of compulsory state ecological expertise in power engineering of the federal level including first of all gas, oil and coal-fired power plants. We have analyzed the current situation related to the tightening of the Russian environmental legislation and the corresponding impact of scientific and technical environmental expertise on the BAT implementation. The paper lists the chief reasons for a lack of the independent scientific environmental assessment of energy projects. At the same time, we note that a special role should be assigned to higher educational institutions and research institutes with scientific staff being professionals in various energy issues. Based on 20 years’ experience of the Centre for Science and Education “Ecology of Power Engineering” of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, we have considered the issue of ecological training of personnel from energy holding and companies. The authors' views on the expertise on management of wastes (coal ash) from thermal and electric energy production are considered, taking into account the legal and normative-technical documents. The paper presents a block diagram of the prospective coal ash handling system of thermal power plants and the modernized structural scheme of the prospective ash and slag removal system of TPPs. The block diagram provides the possibility of maximum collection and shipment of dry ash as well as environmentally acceptable ways of storing the unclaimed dry ash. The paper describes the examples of the implementation of the ash handling modernization projects at State District Power Plants with different levels of expertise compliance with the current trends in the development of ash handling systems using the best available technologies in the power engineering.

Erratum to: “An Energy-Efficient Induction Motor with an Unconventional Electromagnetic Core”

The list of author’s affiliations should read as follows: a Samara State Technical University, Samara, 443100 Russia b National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow, 111250 Russia

Методы и программные средства конструирования интеллектуальных систем поддержки принятия решений для объектов энергетики

The article discusses matters concerned with designing advanced intelligent real-time decision support systems (RT IDSS) serving for providing support to operating and dispatching personnel in performing diagnostics, monitoring and control of complex process systems such as power industry facilities. The basic technology for designing an RT IDSS, which involves a number of key stages, is described. An overview and comparative analysis of SCADA-systems as tools for designing real-time information and intelligent systems are presented. Special attention is paid to SCADA-systems that use knowledge-based information processing and presenting methods (so-called intelligent SCADA-systems). These SCADA-systems are proposed to be used as instrumental environment for constructing an RT IDSS. The specific features that are of importance in implementing an RT IDSS for operator support purposes are pointed out. It is noted that the proper choice of a SCADA-system is quite a difficult problem that requires decision making under the conditions of multiple criteria with some of them being not amenable to quantitative assessment due to lack of information, or because they are qualitative in nature. The intelligent SPRINT-RV SCADA-system developed at OOO TASMO-BIT in cooperation with the Moscow Power Engineering Institute National Research University’s Department of Applied Mathematics is described. This system is developed as a set of tools enabling one to describe a subject field of control (for example, a nuclear power plant’s power unit) and a set of operational facilities for implementing the functions of providing intelligent support to the operational staff in making control decisions in off-design situations and in monitoring the state of a controlled plant in stationary and transient modes of its operation. The purpose and implementation of a number of the SPRINT-RV system’s key components are considered.

Экспериментальное исследование рабочего процесса в пилотном образце осевого насоса с трехрядными мультипланными проточными частями

The article describes the stages of preparing the pilot sample of a vertical first-lift condensate pump with a unique axial active part for physical tests and the results from studying the working process in it. The actual parameters of the polyrow hydraulic machine mockup version intended for carrying out physical experiments are given, and the main stages of elaborating the innovative unit’s design are outlined. The working members used in the three-row arrangement are described, their design is shown, and the method for manufacturing the impeller and guide vanes of the proposed complex multirow configuration is considered in detail. Prototyping---an advanced approach practiced in the machinery constructing industry---has been chosen as the method for manufacturing the polyrow pump working members. A technology for manufacturing the active part of a three-row mockup pump on a 3D printer is proposed. Information about the experimental test setup constructed at the research-and-production facilities of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute National Research University Institute is given. The difficulties encountered in designing the experimental test setup and in adjusting its equipment are described together with the methods used to resolve them. The vertical three-row pump assembled at the experimental test setup and prepared for a series of tests according to existing standards is shown. Information on carrying out the physical experiments is briefly outlined. The results from the polyrow pump tests are analyzed. Single-row axial working members designed according to the conventional pattern have been manufactured. The results from tests of the three-row pump and the single-row axial pump have been compared with each other.

Институту автоматики и вычислительной техники — 60 лет

The article is devoted to the 60th anniversary from the date of establishing the Moscow Power Engineering Institute National Research University’s Department of Automation and Computer Engineering, which was transformed in 2002 into the Institute of Automation and Computer Engineering. Information on the prehistory of the institute and the history of its establishment, on the work of its chairs, and on the fields of its scientific and educational activities is given. The role the Institute plays in the University, the contribution of the Institute's graduates in the national science, and the influence of outstanding scientists in the fields of mathematics, automation and computer technology on the making and development of the Institute and its scientific schools are shown.