Moschus Berezovskii Research Articles

Distribution patterns of microsatellites and development of its marker in different genomic regions of forest musk deer genome based on high throughput sequencing.

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii, FMD) is an endangered artiodactyl species, male FMD produce musk. We have sequenced the whole genome of FMD, completed the genomic assembly and annotation, and performed bioinformatic analyses. Our results showed that microsatellites (SSRs) displayed nonrandomly distribution in genomic regions, and SSR abundances were much higher in the intronic and intergenic regions compared to other genomic regions. Tri- and hexanucleotide perfect (P) SSRs predominated in coding regions (CDSs), whereas, tetra- and pentanucleotide P-SSRs were less abundant. Trifold P-SSRs had more GC-contents in the 5′-untranslated regions (5'UTRs) and CDSs than other genomic regions, whereas mononucleotide P-SSRs had the least GC-contents. The repeat copy numbers (RCN) of the same mono- to hexanucleotide P-SSRs had different distributions in different genomic regions. The RCN of trinucleotide P-SSRs had increased significantly in the CDSs compared to the transposable elements (TEs), intronic and intergenic regions. The analysis of coefficient of variability (CV) of P-SSRs showed that the RCN of mononucleotide P-SSRs had relative higher variation in different genomic regions, followed by the CV pattern of RCN: dinucleotide P-SSRs > trinucleotide P-SSRs > tetranucleotide P-SSRs > pentanucleotide P-SSRs > hexanucleotide P-SSRs. The CV variations of RCN of the same mono- to hexanucleotide P-SSRs were relative higher in the intron and intergenic regions, followed by that in the TEs, and the relative lower was in the 5'UTR, CDSs and 3'UTRs. 58 novel polymorphic SSR loci were detected based on genotyping DNA from 36 captive FMD and 22 SSR markers finally showed polymorphism, stability, and repetition.

Affinity of Streptococcal G Protein to Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) Serum Immunoglobulin G

Forest musk deer (FMD; Moschus berezovskii) immunoglobulin G efficiently bound to streptococcal G protein (SPG) and weakly bound to staphylococcal A protein. The results suggested that horseradish peroxidase-conjugated SPG could be chosen as an enzyme-labeled antibody substitute and laid a foundation for immunologic research in FMD disease.

Changes in the Population Genetic Structure of Captive Forest Musk Deer (Moschus Berezovskii) with the Increasing Number of Generation under Closed Breeding Conditions.

Simple SummaryForest musk deer is an endangered species. Musk produced by male musk deer is precious natural flavor and an important ingredient of traditional Chinese medicines. Forest musk deer is a territorial animal, and it is very difficult for captive forest musk deer to record the accurate pedigree using the “Breeding Management System of Rotated Mating” (BMS-RM). In the study, we examined the genetic structure of captive forest musk deer population in Barkam center, and the changes in allele diversity, heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient with increasing generations. The results show that the population has high genetic diversity, but the genetic structure of different generations in the population shows that the extent of inbreeding is slowly increasing with increasing number of generations. This suggests that the BMS-RM is effective for maintaining genetic structure diversity of population, but captive forest musk deer in Barkam center still face the risk of inbreeding increasing. So, it is necessary to optimize the BMS-RM of captive forest musk deer or introduce male forest musk deer from an unrelated population. This study revealed the status of genetic diversity of captive forest musk deer in Barkam center and the current risks of inbreeding for providing an important understanding to the application of BMS-RM.We investigated the genetic diversity of the population of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in Barkam Musk Deer Breeding Centre using twelve microsatellite markers, and then analyzed the change in genetic structure of successive generation groups from the population. The data provide a new understanding for the evaluation and usage of the breeding management system. Microsatellite marker analysis detected 141 alleles with an average of 11.75 alleles for each marker. The average expected heterozygosity (HE) was 0.731. Performing an F-statistical analysis on the data showed that the genetic diversity of population decreased, and the inbreeding coefficient significant increased with the increase of generation, and FIS of the 1st generation is significantly lower than that of the second to fifth generation (p < 0.01). The result suggested that the captive population was facing the pressure of inbreeding (FIS = 0.115) and the subsequent loss of genetic diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the breeding management system of the captive population by preventing close relatives from mating or inducing new individuals from the exotic population.

Effects of compound probiotics on the weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota of forest musk deer

Probiotics are intended to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. The health problems of forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii), a threatened species currently under conservation, restrict the development of captive musk deer. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effects of forest musk deer compound probiotics (FMDPs) on weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota in FMD by measuring average daily weight gain (ADG) and immune-related factors and by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate differences in the fecal microbiota among the control group (4 samples), treatment group A (4 samples) and treatment group B (4 samples). The results showed that the ADG of treatment groups A and B was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.032, p = 0.018). The increase in IgA and IgG levels in treatment group B was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.02, p = 0.011). At the phylum and genus levels, the difference in bacterial community structure was significant between treatment group B and the control group. Both the alpha diversity and beta diversity results showed significant differences in the microbiota of FMD before and after FMDP feeding. In summary, the results indicated that FMDPs could promote the growth of growing FMD, improve immunity and balance the role of intestinal microbes.

Genomic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Cathelicidin Gene Family of the Forest Musk Deer.

Simple SummaryCathelicidins are a group of host defense peptides in vertebrates with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we identified the entire repertoire of the cathelicidin gene family from the forest musk deer genome. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic topology, and gene and genomic organizations collectively suggest that all cathelicidin genes have already been fixed in the genome of forest musk deer before the split of moschidae and bovidae, while independent pseudogenization events have occurred after species divergence. In addition, real-time PCR analysis suggested that all functional cathelicidins play important roles in the immune system. The results of this study will be helpful for further evolutionary and functional studies.The forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is a small-sized artiodactyl species famous for the musk secreted by adult males. In the captive population, this species is under the threat of infection diseases, which greatly limits the increase of individual numbers. In the present study, we computationally analyzed the repertoire of the cathelicidin (CATHL) family from the genome of forest musk deer and investigated their expression pattern by real-time PCR. Our results showed that the entire genome of forest musk deer encodes eight cathelicidins, including six functional genes and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that all forest musk deer cathelicidin members have emerged before the split of the forest musk deer and cattle and that forest musk deer CATHL3L2 and CATHL9 are orthologous with two cattle pseudogenes. In addition, the gene expression results showed that the six functional genes are not only abundantly expressed in the spleen and lung, but are also differently expressed in response to abscesses, which suggests that forest musk deer cathelicidins may be involved in infections. Taken together, identification and characterization of the forest musk deer cathelicidins provide fundamental data for further investigating their evolutionary process and biological functions.

The olfactory subgenome and specific odor recognition in forest musk deer.

Olfactory receptors (ORs) are encoded by OR genes. The OR genes in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), which rely on olfaction for reproductive and social communication, are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the genome sequence of the forest musk deer to obtain its olfactory subgenome and compared it to other species. A total of 1378 OR-related sequences were detected in the forest musk deer genome including 864 functional genes, 366 pseudogenes and 148 partial genes. These OR genes were classified into Class I and Class II and were further classified into 18 families and 244 subfamilies through sequence identity. Comparative analyses of the OR genes' protein sequences in species from different orders (forest musk deer, human, mouse and dog) showed that 12 clusters were specific to forest musk deer. However, when compared to other Artiodactyl species (i.e. cattle, yak and pig) only two clusters were specific to forest musk deer. The odor identification potential of the OR genes in the forest musk deer was focused mainly on floral, woody, lemon, sweet and fatty odors. We also found that OR genes specific to forest musk deer were involved in the identification of spearmint and caraway. Our work is the first genome-wide analysis of OR genes in forest musk deer. These findings will assist with better understanding the relationship between behavior and olfaction in the forest musk deer and the characteristics of the olfactory subgenome in Artiodactyl mammals.

MicroRNA and Other Small RNA Sequence Profiling across Six Tissues of Chinese Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

The Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an economically important species distributed throughout southwest China and northern Vietnam. Occurrence and development of disease are aggravated by inbreeding and genetic diversity declines in captive musk deer populations. Deep transcriptomics investigation may provide a promising way to improve genetic health of captive and wild FMD population. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression by targeting and suppressing of mRNAs, play an important role in physiology and organism development control. In this study, RNA-seq technology was adopted to characterize the miRNA transcriptome signature among six tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and muscle) in Chinese forest musk deer at two years of age. Deep sequencing generated a total of 103,261,451 (~87.87%) good quality small RNA reads; of them 6,622,520 were unique across all six tissues. A total of 2890 miRNAs were identified, among them 1129 were found to be expressed in all tissues. Moreover, coexpression of 20 miRNAs (>2000RPM) in all six tissues and top five highly expressed miRNAs in each tissue implied the crucial and particular function of them in FMD physiological processes. Our findings of forest musk deer miRNAs supplement the database of transcriptome information for this species and conduce to our understanding of forest musk deer biology.

Shanxi population of musk deer: species re-identification and genetic relationships with its sister species based on mitochondrial genomes

Historically, people made a mistake on species identification on musk deer from Shanxi population. In order to further confirm the species of this population, we sequenced its mitochondrial genome and conducted the species identification. Moreover, the genetic relationships among the sister species of musk deer were also investigated. The results showed that the species of musk deer from the Shanxi population was Moschus berezovskii, and M. anhuiensis was an independent species that had a very close relationship with M. berezovskii. Additionally, M. anhuiensis and M. berezovskii might have experienced a recent history of reproductive isolation.

The transcriptome analysis of males musk gland in Moschus berezovskii (Artiodactyla: Moschidae)

The dwarf musk deer, or Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an endangered artiodactyl species native to a narrow region in southern and central China as well as northernmost Vietnam. This species is well known for the habit of male musk deer to secrete musk from the musk gland. Unmated male forest musk deer secrete a greater amount of musk than mated males, which probably allows them to attract a greater number of females. However, transcriptome data for this species are deficient, and the potential transcriptional pathways of musk production remain unknown. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to perform an in-depth survey of transcriptome data from musk gland and to compare the transcriptome differences between mated- and unmated sexually mature Chinese forest musk deer. There were 13,009 and 12,995 genes were expressed in unmated and mated musk glands tissue. In addition to analyzing these genes, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes in musk gland tissue between mated and unmated Chinese forest musk deer males. One hundred and thirty seven genes were found differentially expressed. We found that some genes in “PPAR signaling pathway”, “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” and “Thyroid hormone synthesis” pathways may be associated with musk production and the secretion of the musk deer. The annotated genes and differentially expressed genes in this study can be applied in conservation or utilization study of musk deer in the future.

Research progress on musk and artificial propagation technique of forest musk deer

Forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii) is mainly distribute in Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces of China. The musk is a dry exudates in the mature male sachet with complex chemical composition, abundant modern identification methods, various pharmacological action, extensive clinical application. The population quantity and quality of wild and captive forest musk deer failed to improve because of lacking scientific management, excessive hunting and habitat destruction, etc. Carrying out the captive forest musk deer is an effective way to protect them, fast breeding of forest musk deer is the key to increase the yield of musk. Therefore, we should develop new technologies such as natural estrus and artificial insemination in order to speed up the breeding of musk deer and increase the yield of musk. This article reviews the research progress of new artificial propagation technique and musk, which teases some feasible research basis for optimization of forest musk deer species and the research of musk.

Isolation, primary culture, and morphological characterization of gland epithelium from forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Research of epithelial cells in musk gland is lacking. There are no good characterized epithelial cell lines that can provide complementary in vitro models for in vivo research. We successfully cultivated epithelial cells of musk gland for the first time. The protocol described here produces epithelial cell lines from the mature secreting musk gland. Based on morphological observation, epithelial cells of musk gland were isolated and cultured in vitro. After the third passage, the musk gland-derived cells were filled with many lipid droplets and proliferated well. We used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to explore the chemical composition of lipid droplets in the musk gland-derived cells. The main components of secreted lipid droplet were alkanes, esters, amines, alcohols, ketones, organic acids, and aldehydes. Muscone, which is the main active compound of musk, was not found. This is a new attempt in the field of animal musk to obtain naturally secreted animal musk in vitro by cloning specialized cells. In conclusion, this study provides a reference at the cellular level to further analyze the biology and physiology of the musk gland epithelium and secretion mechanism of musk deer.

Next generation sequencing yields the complete mitogenome of captive forest musk deer, Moschus berezovskii (Ruminantia: Moschidae)

Moschus berezovskii is an endangered species, but its captive populations are valuable on musk secretions in traditional Chinese medicine and perfume manufacture. The mitogenome of M. berezovskii was 16,353 bp in size. Stop codons in 13 PCGs were all typical types except incomplete stop codon T for COX3, ND2 and ND4, and TA for ND3. No tandem repeat was found in control region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Moschidae has the closest relationship with Bovidae. We supported that M. berezovskii should be categorized into two subspecies, and suggested that the status of M. chrysogaster JQ608470 should be further investigated.

The draft genome sequence of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)

BackgroundThe forest musk deer, Moschus berezovskii, is one of seven musk deer (Moschus spp.) and is distributed in Southwest China. Akin to other musk deer, the forest musk deer has been traditionally and is currently hunted for its musk (i.e., global perfume industry). Considerable hunting pressure and habitat loss have caused significant population declines. Consequently, the Chinese government commenced captive breeding programs for musk harvesting in the 1950s. However, the prevalence of fatal diseases is considerably restricting population increases. Disease severity and extent are exacerbated by inbreeding and genetic diversity declines in captive musk deer populations. It is essential that knowledge of captive and wild forest musk deer populations' immune system and genome be gained in order to improve their physical and genetic health. We have thus sequenced the whole genome of the forest musk deer, completed the genomic assembly and annotation, and performed preliminary bioinformatic analyses.FindingsA total of 407 Gb raw reads from whole-genome sequencing were generated using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. The final genome assembly is around 2.72 Gb, with a contig N50 length of 22.6 kb and a scaffold N50 length of 2.85 Mb. We identified 24,352 genes and found that 42.05% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements. We also detected 1,236 olfactory receptor genes. The genome-wide phylogenetic tree indicated that the forest musk deer was within the order Artiodactyla, and it appeared as the sister clade of four members of Bovidae. In total, 576 genes were under positive selection in the forest musk deer lineage.ConclusionsWe provide the first genome sequence and gene annotation for the forest musk deer. The availability of these resources will be very useful for the conservation and captive breeding of this endangered and economically important species and for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the order Artiodactyla.

Quality markers of animal medicinal materials: Correlative analysis of musk reveals distinct metabolic changes induced by multiple factors

BackgroundCommon farming environmental elements, such as longitude, latitude, and altitude, and physiological conditions, such as age and body weight, are thought to influence medicinal animal homeostasis and material quality by altering endocrine functions for primary and secondary metabolite formation. However, the currently available methods for evaluating complex components of traditional Chinese animal medicines have insufficient sensitivity and specificity. PurposeCharacterizing the primary/secondary metabolomes of medicinal animals is essential for understanding their material basis, controlling product quality, and reflecting on distribution interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to screen ecological- and physiological-related metabolites in captive Moschus berezovskii throughout the collection period based on the quality marker (Q-marker) concept. Study design and methodsFifty-one musk deer samples from 12 different distribution farms ranging in age from 2 to 11 years were enrolled. Differentially expressed musk metabolites were assessed via chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technologies. A metabolome that mapped connections among these factors was established using chemometric and topological calculations. ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that muscone, cis-9-hexadecenal, antioxidant 2264, prasterone-3-sulfate, androstan-17-one, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid showed significantly altered expression. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis of qualified data for these 6 secondary metabolites (active components) demonstrated that age is the most important factor underlying the varying levels of muscone, androstan-17-one and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Furthermore, weight was the most important factor for cis-9-hexadecenal, longitude was important for antioxidant 2264, latitude was important for prasterone-3-sulfate, and altitude was important for antioxidant 2264, androstan-17-one and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic. Metabolite analysis within the MetaboAnalyst (MetPA) suite showed that 18 candidate biomarker metabolites were screened, including allantoin, glycine, serine, creatine, alanine, taurine, lactate, 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), fumarate, proline, xanthine, cytosine, carnitine, arginine, threonine, aspartate, and urea. Metabolic network analysis showed 4 important pathways that were involved: arginine and proline metabolism, the urea cycle, aspartate metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. ConclusionUsing this combined metabolomic and chemometric approach, this study was successful in screening Q-markers for musk quality control and provided new insights into correlations among “ecological & physiological factors→Q-markers→metabolites”, which potentially provides crucial information for musk breeding and material quality control.

Blood transcriptomics of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and possible associations with the immune response to abscesses

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii; FMD) are both economically valuable and highly endangered. A problem for FMD captive breeding programs has been the susceptibility of FMD to abscesses. To investigate the mechanisms of abscess development in FMD, the blood transcriptomes of three purulent and three healthy individuals were generated. A total of ~39.68 Gb bases were generated using Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing technology and 77,752 unigenes were identified after assembling. All the unigenes were annotated, with 63,531 (81.71%) mapping to at least one database. Based on these functional annotations, 45,798 coding sequences (CDS) were detected, along with 12,697 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 65,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 113 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed between healthy and purulent individuals. Functional annotation indicated that most of these differentially expressed genes were involved in the regulation of immune system processes, particularly those associated with parasitic and bacterial infection pathways.

Sex hormones play roles in determining musk composition during the early stages of musk secretion by musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Musk is a secreted external hormone or information compound that is stored in musk scent glands of the males of species within the family Moschidae, such as Moschus berezovskii. The secretion of musk changes periodically during the courtship and reproduction periods, with the early stage of secretion occurring from May to July, and the maturation stage occurring from August to April of the following year. In this study, we analyzed the dynamic changes in musk components from June to April of the following year. The result showed that musk morphological character, water content, total ion chromatographic pattern, and composition undergo seasonal change. Luminescence immunoassay and radioimmunoassay analyses were performed to determine corresponding fecal hormone levels. The results showed that testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol levels in feces change on a seasonal basis, and are significantly higher in June than in other months (p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the contents of four examined musk components (muscone, cyclopentadecanone, cholesterol, and cholestenol) from June to August were significantly highly negatively correlated with fecal testosterone and estradiol levels (p < 0.01). In contrast, the correlation coefficients were low or not significant from August to April of the following year. These results indicate that testosterone and estradiol may play a major role in determining musk composition during the early stage of musk secretion but not during the course of musk maturation, which suggests that musk secretion may be promoted by increases in sex hormones in June.

High altitude ungulate communities in southwest China

Abstract In southwest China, three major rivers, the Yangtze, Mekong and Salween, flow down from the Tibetan plateau, creating a complex topography with a diverse, little-known ungulate community. We used camera traps and multi-species occupancy modeling to determine presence/absence, habitat use and estimate species richness/occupancy. At Langdu, east of the Yangtze, we had 23 camera sites in four habitats from 4000 to 4815 m asl; at Gehuaqing in the south of Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve (BNR) between Mekong and Yangtze we had 14 sites in two habitats from 3050 to 3600 m asl. At Langdu, we photographed tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus (Milne-Edwards 1872) most often followed by serow Capricornis milneedwardsii (David 1869) and alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (Hodgson 1839). At Gehuaqing, we photographed serow most often followed by tufted deer and forest musk deer Moschus berezovskii (Flerov 1929). Tufted deer were in the most habitats, and alpine musk deer were at an elevation higher than previously reported (4815 m). The only large carnivore recorded was Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus (Cuvier 1823) leopard cats Prionailurus bengalensis (Kerr 1792) were at 4579 m asl, higher than previously documented. Langdu had higher species richness than Gehuaqing, and tufted deer had the highest occupancy at both sites. We discuss differences with another site in the north of BNR.

Illumina-based de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Chinese forest musk deer.

The Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov) is an endangered artiodactyl mammal. The musk secreted by sexually mature males is highly valued for alleged pharmaceutical properties and perfume manufacturing. However, the genomic and transcriptomic resources of musk deer remain deficiently represented and poorly understood. Next-generation sequencing technique is an efficient method for generating an enormous amount of sequence data that can represent a large number of genes and their expression levels. In the present study, we used Illumina HiSeq technology to perform de novo assembly of heart and musk gland transcriptomes from the Chinese forest musk deer. A total of 239,383 transcripts and 176,450 unigenes were obtained, of which 37,329 unigenes were matched to known sequences in the NCBI nonredundant protein (Nr) database; 31,039 unigenes were assigned to 61 GO terms, and 11,782 to 332 KEGG pathways. Additionally, 592 and 2282 differentially expressed genes were found to be specifically expressed in the heart and musk gland, respectively. The abundant transcriptomic data generated in the present report will provide a comprehensive sequence resource for Chinese forest musk deer as well as lay down a foundation which will help in accelerating genetic and functional genomics research in this species.

Molecular characterization of Moniezia sichuanensis in captive musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

The musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an economically important species from which musk is extracted and used in perfumes and medicines. Cestodes (parasitic flatworms) of the genus Moniezia are important parasites that infect this endangered species and can cause high mortality in young deer. In 1982, Moniezia (S.) sichuanensis sp. nov. was described from a specimen obtained from wild musk deer. The new species was distinct from the other described species of Moniezia by the sawtooth-shaped interproglottidal glands, the thick vagina and the absence of a cirrus spine. In the present study, 12 cestodes collected from musk deer were examined morphologically and confirmed to be M. sichuanensis. Molecular characterization was performed by amplifying and comparing the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and 5.8S rRNA gene (ITS1-5.8S) of ribosomal DNA with available sequences from other Moniezia species. The amplified sequences ranged from 761 to 764 bp and similarity ranged from 98.7-100%, compared to 67.8-92.4% with other Moniezia spp. Construction of a phylogenetic tree using the neighbour-joining method indicated that all 12 ITS1-5.8S sequences formed a single clade, confirming M. sichuanensis as a separate species. This study provides novel molecular insight into M. sichuanensis that could prove useful for future diagnosis and control of monieziasis in musk deer.

迁地保育林麝体况及影响因素

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 迁地保育林麝体况及影响因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201510062008 作者: 作者单位: 四川养麝研究所,四川养麝研究所,四川养麝研究所,四川养麝研究所,四川养麝研究所,中国人民大学环境学院,中国人民大学环境学院,中国人民大学环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 四川省科技成果转化项目（11010110）；国家自然科学基金项目（31170364）；中国人民大学科学研究基金项目（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金）（15XNLQ02）；中国人民大学“统筹支持一流大学和一流学科建设专项”项目；国家科技支撑计划（2013BAC09B02-6） Studies on body condition scoring and influencing factors in captive forest musk deer Author: Affiliation: Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breedin,,,,,,,Renmin University of China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过建立基于外貌性状的量化性体况评分标准，于2012年7-10月间对四川马尔康麝场的586头圈养林麝（雌麝299头，雄麝287头）进行了体况评分，并分析了相关变量对林麝体况得分的效应，结果表明：马尔康麝场圈养林麝的体况评分均值为3.49（±0.02，n=586），大部分林麝（59.56%，n=349）的体况评分高于均值。雌麝体况评分均值（3.50±0.02，n=299）略高于雄麝（3.49±0.03，n=287）（P > 0.05），成体麝体况评分（3.59±0.02，n=291）极显著地高于老龄林麝（3.38±0.09，n=27）和亚成林麝（3.35±0.03，n=184）（P < 0.01）。林麝的体况得分与其年龄相关不显著（r=0.07，P > 0.05），但亚成体及成体麝的体况评分与其年龄间的相关极显著（亚成体r=0.19，P < 0.01；成体r=-0.16，P < 0.01），而老龄麝体况评分与其年龄略呈负相关（r=-0.23，P > 0.05）。S模型y=e1.2811-0.0885/a（R2=0.051，df=500，F=26.74，P < 0.01）可近似拟合林麝体况得分和年龄的关系。此外，马尔康麝场泥地基底的改装圈舍中的林麝体况（3.52±0.03，n=197）显著优于原装青砖圈舍林麝评分（3.47±0.02，n=389）（P < 0.05）。 Abstract:The forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) has been endangered owing to the habitat loss and musk exploitation, and musk deer farming has become an effective measure to conserve wild populations and provide medicinal musk sustainably. In musk deer farming, the health condition of captive individuals will be closely related to the reproduction and the musk production. In this study, the body condition of captive forest musk deer (299 females and 287 males) in the Maerkang musk deer farm (MMF) was surveyed during July and October 2012, using the quantified criteria system. Furthermore, the potential effects of certain influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that, the average body score of captive forest musk deer was 3.49 (±0.02, n=586), and most of individuals (59.56%, n=349) scored higher than the average. The body condition of all females (3.50±0.02) was better than that of all males (3.49±0.03), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The body condition of adults (4-9 years old) (3.59±0.02, n=291) was significantly better than that of older deer (older than 10 years) (3.38±0.09, n=27) and sub-adults (2-3 years old) (3.35±0.03, n=184; P < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between musk deer's body condition and age (r=0.07, P > 0.05), but the body condition scores of the adults and sub-adults were highly significantly correlated with the animals' age (sub-adults:r=0.19, P < 0.01; adults:r=-0.16, P < 0.01); moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between old individuals' and their age (r=-0.23, P > 0.05). The S model y=e1.2811-0.0885/a (R2=0.051, df=500, F=26.74, P < 0.01) fitted the relationship between the score of captive deer and its age. Furthermore, the body condition score of musk deer in the enclosures with earth-ground was higher than those in the enclosures with brick-ground. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献