Mosaic Structure Research Articles

Atomistic Investigation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase: nanostructure, Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties

Using lithium metal as the anode is a promising way to raise the energy density of batteries, but inevitable lithium dendrite growth hinders the development of this kind of batteries. Albeit great efforts were devoted to uncovering the mystery of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which determines the stability of the plating and stripping of lithium metal, our understanding of SEI at the atomic scale is limited due to its complex structure and composition. This work proposes a computational framework, based on the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF), for simulating the SEI formation. Our results suggest the SEI in the standard EC/DEC electrolyte resembles a heterogeneous mosaic structure with inorganic crystalline grains randomly dispersed within the amorphous polymer matrix, as the consequence of the bottom-up growth sequence. When lithium nitrate is present in the electrolyte, the preferential reduction of lithium nitrate effectively regulates the electrolyte decomposition for rendering a bilayer structure with the lithium nitrate reduction products, Li3N and LiNxOy, on top of the amorphous polymer matrix. Although these N-containing compounds are good lithium-ion conducting materials for retaining a uniform, fast lithium-ion transport through the SEI, we observe a significant decrease in the mechanical performance due to the high-porosity structure.

Bilberry and Lingonberry Cenopopulation Mosaic Structures and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Southern Moscow Region Pine Stands

Bilberry and Lingonberry Cenopopulation Mosaic Structures and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Southern Moscow Region Pine Stands

Development and testing of a diagnostic model of innovative organizational culture

Aim. This study presents the results of the development of a diagnostic model of organizational culture, which makes it possible to assess innovativeness as a formal characteristic that can be calculated using empirical methods.Tasks. The author systemizes methods for diagnosing and studying organizational culture; based on the resulting classification, proposes a diagnostic model of innovative organizational culture as a method for conducting socio-psychological research of organizational changes and assessing the organization’s innovativeness.Methods. The study uses general scientific methods of logical, structural, comparative, and systems analysis, qualitative methods of survey, observation, questionnaire, documentation analysis.Results. A review of methods for analyzing and diagnosing organizational culture in terms of innovativeness shows that in modern practice of organizational research there are many methods characterized by mosaic structure and absence of an empirically based model.Conclusion. The proposed model is a reliable tool for assessing the readiness of organizational culture for changes at the individual, group, and organizational level that have passed a psychometric test and are applicable for assessing socio-psychological phenomena in the context of organizational changes.

Co-transfer of functionally interdependent genes contributes to genome mosaicism in lambdoid phages.

Lambdoid (or Lambda-like) phages are a group of related temperate phages that can infect Escherichia coli and other gut bacteria. A key characteristic of these phages is their mosaic genome structure, which served as the basis for the 'modular genome hypothesis'. Accordingly, lambdoid phages evolve by transferring genomic regions, each of which constitutes a functional unit. Nevertheless, it is unknown which genes are preferentially transferred together and what drives such co-transfer events. Here we aim to characterize genome modularity by studying co-transfer of genes among 95 distantly related lambdoid (pro-)phages. Based on gene content, we observed that the genomes cluster into 12 groups, which are characterized by a highly similar gene content within the groups and highly divergent gene content across groups. Highly similar proteins can occur in genomes of different groups, indicating that they have been transferred. About 26 % of homologous protein clusters in the four known operons (i.e. the early left, early right, immunity and late operon) engage in gene transfer, which affects all operons to a similar extent. We identified pairs of genes that are frequently co-transferred and observed that these pairs tend to be near one another on the genome. We find that frequently co-transferred genes are involved in related functions and highlight interesting examples involving structural proteins, the cI repressor and Cro regulator, proteins interacting with DNA, and membrane-interacting proteins. We conclude that epistatic effects, where the functioning of one protein depends on the presence of another, play an important role in the evolution of the modular structure of these genomes.

The emergence of novel macrolide resistance island in Macrococcus caseolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus of food origin

Food-derived Staphylococcaceae species with severe antimicrobial resistance, especially Staphylococcus aureus, is a major threat to public health. Macrococcus caseolyticus (M. caseolyticus) is a member of the Staphylococcaceae family which plays a vital role in fermented products and disease causation in animals. In our previous study, several Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic-resistant island msr (SaRImsr) were found in multidrug-resistant S. aureus. In this study, novel SaRImsr, SaRImsr-III emerged from S. aureus. Another novel SaRImsr-like further emerged in M. caseolyticus from food. These isolates' prevalence and genetic environment were investigated and characterized to understand the distribution and transmission of these novel SaRImsr strains. All SaRImsr-positive S. aureus isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, within which a series of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFs) were identified. In addition, three SaRImsr types, SaRImsr-I (15.1 kb), SaRImsr-II (16–17 kb), and SaRImsr-III (18 kb) carrying mef(D)–msr(F), were identified in these isolates' chromosomes. SaRImsr-(I-III) contains a site-specific integrase gene int and operon mef(D)-msr(F). SaRImsr-III has an additional orf3-orf4-IS30 arrangement downstream of mef(D) and msr(F). Moreover, the SaRImsr-like and macrolide-resistant transposon Tn6776 forming a novel mosaic structure coexisted in one M. caseolyticus isolate. Within this mosaic structure, the macrolide-resistant genes mef(D)–msr(F) were absent in SaRImsr-like, whereas an operon, mef(F)–msr(G), was identified in Tn6776. The SaRImsr-(I-III) and SaRImsr-like structure were inserted into the rpsI gene encoding the 30S ribosomal protein S9 in the chromosome. Excision and cyclisation of SaRImsr-III, SaRImsr-like, operon mef(D)-msr(F), and orf3-orf4-IS30 arrangements were confirmed using two-step PCR. This study is the first to report MDR S. aureus harbouring novel SaRImsr-III and M. caseolyticus containing novel mosaic structures isolated from retail foods. Similar SaRImsr-type resistant islands' occurrence and propagation in Staphylococcaceae species require continuous monitoring and investigation.

Effect of La2O3 content on the oxygen barrier ability of the HfB2‐SiC coating at 1973 K

AbstractTo inhibit the destructive evolution of the HfB2‐SiC coating during oxidation, La2O3 was added to modify the oxygen‐blocking capability of the HfB2‐SiC coating. The effect of La2O3 content on the oxygen barrier capacity of HfB2‐SiC was investigated. The addition of 5 vol.% La2O3 lowered the oxidation activity and strengthened the inert oxygen barrier capacity of the HfB2‐SiC coating, which made the oxygen permeability and maximum weight change rate of the coating decrease by 30.32% and 73.97%, respectively. Due to the solid solution reaction of the dispersed La2O3, HfO2, and SiO2 nanoparticles, a stable Hf‐B‐La‐Si‐O multiphase glass was formed on the surface of the coating. Besides, the high‐melting‐point particles, such as HfO2, La2Hf2O7, and HfSiO4, dispersed in the glass layer as hard particles and formed a mosaic structure based on the Hf‐B‐La‐Si‐O compound, which increased the cumulative protection efficiency of the HfB2‐SiC coating to 98.5% and reduced the inert factor value by 84.57%. However, the excessive consumption of SiO2 glass by La2O3 results in dendritization of the generated glass when the La2O3 content is above 10 vol.%, which reduced the self‐healing capability of the generated glass and instead weakened the oxygen barrier properties of the HfB2‐SiC‐La2O3 coatings.

In-Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation of Structural Transitions during Lithiation of Si Electrode in Li-Ion Battery

A major challenge for Si negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries is how to accommodate the large lithiation-induced volume expansion and prevent electrode fragmentation, such that impressive Li storage capacity of Si can be exploited in practice. Electrochemically etched Si mesoporous electrodes have significant potential in this context. This research is focused on an optimum mesoporous Si electrode structure that shows a very high energy storage density, electrochemically cycling well without cracking or fragmentation. To explore the factors causing the superior performance, this study performed in-operando neutron diffraction experiments on optimized electrode during lithiation-delithiation cycles in a simple in-situ electrochemical cell. It is shown that an unusual diffraction phenomenon arises from lithiation-induced expansion of Si leading to the development of mosaic structure in Si. This new phenomenon appears to arise from the increased contribution of kinematic diffraction from the lithiated Si, relative to the conventional dynamic diffraction. This is also supported by changes in diffraction intensities directly synchronizing with the volume changes in Si during lithiation-delithiation cycle. The in-operando experiments explain why the optimum mesoporous Si electrode possesses a high specific capacity without electrode fragmentation. The present findings can help to improve Si electrode designs for high energy density Li-ion batteries.

Optimization of Molecular Composition Distribution of Slurry Oil by Supercritical Fluid Extraction to Improve the Structure and Performance of Mesophase Pitch

The composition distribution of slurry oil has a significant impact on the structure and performance of the mesophase. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction oil (SFEO) and extraction components were extracted from two slurry oils (SLOs) using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. The fundamental properties and composition distribution of two SLOs and associated SFEOs were thoroughly investigated. Electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques were employed to study the morphology and structures of mesophase pitch produced by carbonizing SLOs and their extraction components under the same conditions. The findings revealed that, compared to SLO–LH, SLO–SH has a higher proportion of 4–5 aromatic rings and a narrower hydrocarbon distribution range. In SLO–LH, O1, N1, and N1O1 molecules with long side chains and poor flatness make up the majority of the heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The distribution of CH compounds can be narrowed by using supercritical fluid extraction to efficiently separate various heteroatom-containing compounds with a higher condensation degree. After supercritical extraction, the mesophase content, texture distribution, and graphitization degree of the mesophase were improved. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high planarity help polymer macromolecules stick together and build up in an orderly way. Heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high condensation and low planarity, on the other hand, play an important role in the formation of mosaic structures.

Observation of threading dislocations and misfit dislocation half-loops in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown on Si using electron channeling contrast imaging

We implemented invisibility criterion and black–white contrast orientation analysis into low-tilt electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) for dislocation-type discrimination in GaN and AlGaN layers grown on a Si(111) substrate. Our ECCI and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis attained consistent threading dislocation densities for GaN and AlGaN grown on Si, but demonstrated drastic discrepancy in the percentage of edge-type dislocations, potentially due to the lack of appropriate consideration of mixed-type (a→+c→) dislocations in XRD. Further ECCI analysis of GaN/AlGaN heterointerface revealed mixed-type (a→+c→) dislocation half-loops and dislocation bending due to compressive strain relaxation, validating that not all the dislocations originated from the mosaic or columnar structure. As a result, XRD analysis based on the mosaic block model does not give reliable edge-to-screw dislocation ratio. The observation of classic van der Merwe–Matthews-type dislocation half-loop nucleation and dislocation gliding could be associated with potential GaN/AlGaN optoelectronic device degradation issues.

Origin and palaeodepositional environment of evaporites in the Bala sub-basin, Central Anatolia, Türkiye

ABSTRACT Bala is located in Central Anatolia and is a sub-basin of the Tuzgölü basin, which consists of many basins formed in response to the closure of the Neotethys ocean. The evaporites in Bala sub-basin formed under the influence of regional uplifting during the Middle Eocene period with gradual shallowing in response to the structural compressional regime. The Bala sub-basin comprises four units from bottom to top: the Lower Unit (BU1) consisting of mudstone, claystone with limestone layers; the Evaporites (BU2) containing dominant gypsum with anhydrite; mixed siliciclastic-carbonate-evaporitic deposits (BU3); and the Upper Unit (BU4) containing conglomerate-sandstone-claystone and siltstones. The evaporitic unit, which are the main subject of study consists of primary selenitic gypsum, anhydrite, locally celestite crystals and secondary gypsum formed due to the anhydritization of primary gypsum and then hydration of these anhydrites. The results obtained from mineralogical-petrographic, geochemical and isotopic (δ18O and δ34S) investigations indicate that these evaporites were deposited in shallow marine to sabkha environments dominated by arid conditions. The presence of primary selenite crystals, the anhydrite with nodular, chicken-wire, and mosaic structures support precipitation occurred in a partially saline shallow water. The excessive thickness of the evaporitic accumulation, chaotic masses including gypsum breccia, salt diapirs and dome structures are attributed to tectonic processes acting during the formation of the Central Anatolian basins.

Characterization of IncI1/ST71 and IncF18:A−:B1 multidrug-resistance plasmids from an avian Escherichia coli isolate

To characterize IncI1 and IncF18:A−:B1 multidrug-resistance plasmids from an avian Escherichia coli isolate, antibiotic susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, transformation assays, S1-PFGE, and WGS analysis were performed. The 119,457-bp plasmid pEC014–1 with a multidrug-resistance region (MRR) containing four different segments interspersed with six IS26 elements, belonged to incompatibility group I1 and sequence type 71. The 154,516-bp plasmid pEC014–2 with two replicons, typed as FII-18 and FIB-1, carried 14 resistance determinants including blaTEM-1b, blaOXA-1, oqxAB, dfrA17, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, sul1, sul2, tet(A), floR, catB3, hph(aph(4)-Ia), aacC4(aac(3)-IV), aadA5, arr-3, and a merEDACPTR loci in MRR, and additionally encoded three virulence loci: iroNEDCB, sitABCD, and iucABCD-iutA. Plasmid stability assays showed that pEC014–1 and pEC014–2 were stable in recipient E. coli C600 for at least 15 days of passage. Competition assays were carried out to evaluate the fitness impact of pEC014–2 carriage in vitro, revealing a decrease in host fitness. Growth kinetics showed that the growth rate for pEC014–1 or/and pEC014–2 bearing cells was significantly slower than that of the E. coli C600 host strain in the exponential stage (p < 0.01), with only cells carrying pEC014–1 sustaining rapid growth after 6 h of exponential growth. Our findings highlight the mosaic structures of epidemic plasmid IncI1/ST71 and F18:A−:B1 lineages and contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and dissemination of these multidrug resistance and virulence plasmids.

The Crucial Role of Electrode Potential of a Working Anode in Dictating the Structural Evolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphase

AbstractThe performance of rechargeable lithium (Li) batteries is highly correlated with the structure of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The properties of a working anode are vital factors in determining the structure of SEI; however, the correspondingly poor understanding hinders the rational regulation of SEI. Herein, the electrode potential and anode material, two critical properties of an anode, in dictating the structural evolution of SEI were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The anode potential is identified as a crucial role in dictating the SEI structure. The anode potential determines the reduction products in the electrolyte, ultimately giving rise to the mosaic and bilayer SEI structure at high and low potential, respectively. In contrast, the anode material does not cause a significant change in the SEI structure. This work discloses the crucial role of electrode potential in dictating SEI structure and provides rational guidance to regulate SEI structure.

The Crucial Role of Electrode Potential of a Working Anode in Dictating the Structural Evolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphase.

The performance of rechargeable lithium (Li) batteries is highly correlated with the structure of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The properties of a working anode are vital factors in determining the structure of SEI; however, the correspondingly poor understanding hinders the rational regulation of SEI. Herein, the electrode potential and anode material, two critical properties of an anode, in dictating the structural evolution of SEI were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The anode potential is identified as a crucial role in dictating the SEI structure. The anode potential determines the reduction products in the electrolyte, ultimately giving rise to the mosaic and bilayer SEI structure at high and low potential, respectively. In contrast, the anode material does not cause a significant change in the SEI structure. This work discloses the crucial role of electrode potential in dictating SEI structure and provides rational guidance to regulate SEI structure.

Preparation and characterization of energetic composite films with mutual reactions based on B/PVDF mosaic structure

In this study, to solve the boron oxide (B2O3) formed on the boron (B) surface, which reduces the reactivity and energy release. The energetic composite films with mutual reactions of B as fuel and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as oxidant are designed, based on the mosaic structure. Then, samples with different contents of B are successfully prepared by the novel synergistic emulsification and transient freezing methods. The morphology and composition results show that B is embedded in PVDF films, which makes the energetic composite films have excellent hydrophobicity and oxidation resistance. Interesting, the thermal analysis results show that in the low-temperature stage, the addition of B advances the initial decomposition temperature of PVDF; in the high-temperature stage, the gas product hydrogen fluoride (HF) of PVDF decomposition has a pre-ignition reaction (PIR) with B2O3, which destroys the shell of B2O3 and accelerates the oxidation of internal active B. And the heat release of 50 % B content is the highest (3845.4 J/g). Furthermore, the ignition and combustion results show that all samples can be ignited smoothly and easily. But the combustion performance is greatly affected by the content of B. Finally, the reaction mechanism of samples is preliminarily obtained by molecular model through the characterization of combustion products. These results show that composite films with mutual reactions based on B/PVDF mosaic structure have an excellent prospect for application in thermite with fluoropolymer.

Characterization of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form, CRF91_cpx, comprising CRF02_AG, G, J, and U, mostly among men who have sex with men

ABSTRACT Prospective molecular studies of HIV-1 pol region (2253–5250 in HXB2 genome) sequences from sequenced samples of 269 HIV-1-infected patients in Cyprus (2017–2021) revealed a transmission cluster of 14 unknown HIV-1 recombinants that were not classified as previously established CRFs. The earliest recombinant was collected in September 2017, and the transmission cluster continued to grow until November 2020. Near full-length HIV-1 genome sequences of the 11 of the 14 recombinants were successfully obtained (790–8795 in HXB2 genome) and aligned against a reference dataset of HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs. We employed MEGAX for maximum-likelihood tree construction (GTR model, 1000 bootstrap replicates), Cluster-Picker for phylogenetic clustering analysis (genetic distance ≤0.045, bootstrap support value ≥70%), and REGA-3.0 for subtype determination. Bootscan and similarity plot analyses (sliding window of 400 nucleotides overlapped by 40 nucleotides) were conducted using SimPlot-v3.5.1, and subregion confirmatory neighbour-joining tree analyses were conducted using MEGAX (Kimura two-parameter model, 1000 bootstrap replicates, ≥70% bootstrap-support value). Exclusive clustering of the HIV-1 recombinants revealed their uniqueness. The recombination analyses illustrated the same unique mosaic pattern with six putative intersubtype recombination breakpoints, seven fragments of subtypes CRF02_AG, G, J and an unclassified fragment. We conclusively characterized the mosaic structure of the novel HIV-1 CRF, named CRF91_cpx, by the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. Additionally, we identified a URF of CRF91_cpx with two additional recombination sites, generated by a recombination event between subtype B and CRF91_cpx. Since the identification of CRF91_cpx, two additional patient samples have been entered into the CRF91_cpx transmission cluster, demonstrating active growth.

Polydimethylsiloxane/BaTiO3 Nanogenerators with a Surface-Assembled Mosaic Structure for Enhanced Piezoelectric Sensing.

Incorporation of inorganic piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles into a highly elastic polymer matrix is an effective method to develop self-powered sensors and energy harvesters. Herein, a piezoelectrically enhanced nanogenerator (NG) obtained by dispersing lead-free BaTiO3 piezoelectric nanoparticles into elastic polydimethylsiloxane and further surface-modifying with a neoteric mosaic structure for self-powered sensing is proposed. The composites fabricated through this facile and low-cost approach exhibit enhanced voltage by a factor of 1.5 relative to those without modification and display improved mechanical properties with increased elongation at break (failure strain of 150%). The improved performance is mainly attributed to the embossed mosaic structure on the surface, which is theoretically verified by multiphysics simulation. The NGs exhibit highly sensitive and stable piezoelectric output under contact and noncontact working modes and can be applied to detect human vital signs, including bending of fingers and wrists, and various breathing activities, demonstrating wide applications in flexible and smart wearable electronics. The design of the neoteric mosaic structure could be extended to other composite-based NGs, offering significant advantages for the rational design of flexible electronics.

Microstructure and phase evolution of polymer‐derived SiHfOC ceramic microspheres

AbstractThe SiHfOC ceramic microspheres were synthesized from the polysilazane and hafnium(IV) acetylacetonate hybrid precursors through a combination of hydrothermal method and polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) method. The SiHfOC ceramic microspheres consist of β‐SiC, SiO2, and m‐HfO2 in an amorphous SiOC matrix and are in a spherical morphology with an average size of about 2 μm. Hafnium‐containing nanoparticles with ∼50‐nm size are not only uniformly distributed on the surface of the ceramic microspheres but also embedded in the SiHfOC ceramic microspheres, forming a unique mosaic structure. Pyrolyzing at 1000°C offers a possibility of an in situ formation of nanocrystal nuclei in the amorphous SiOC ceramic matrix, and the subsequent annealing at 1500°C helps the small nanocrystal nuclei grow and separate the amorphous SiHfOC into a multiphase SiOC network containing β‐SiC, SiO2, m‐HfO2 nanocrystalline and free C. This research provides a methodology for preparing multicomponent ceramic microspheres that can efficiently develop high‐performance PDCs modified by transition metal alkoxide.

Association between clinical variations and copy number variations in cases with Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities with an incidence of approximately one in 2,500 live births. Short stature and primary ovarian insufficiency are two most important characteristic findings of TS. Turner syndrome karyotypes include monosomy X, mosaic structure and X chromosome structural anomalies. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics vary among cases. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical variations observed in TS cases with the copy number variations (CNV) detected by microarray study. Fifty-three patients diagnosed with TS, between the ages of 0-18 were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 36 cases for microarray study. Karyotypes were as follows: thirty-three of cases were 45,X,7 were 45,X/46,XX, 6 were 45,X/46,Xi(Xq), 2 were 46,Xi(Xq), 2 were 45,X/46,r(X), 1 was 45,X/46,Xi(Xp), 1 was 45,X/46,XY and 1 was 45,X/46,X+mar(idicY) karyotype. A significant correlation was found between karyotype groups and FSH values of the cases (p=0.034). In monosomy X and mosaic isochromosome Xq cases, the FSH value was found to be significantly higher than those with 45,X/46,XX mosaic karyotype. CNVs were found in 8 (22.2%) out of 36 cases whose microarray study was performed. Unexpected atypical findings were discussed in the light of the characteristics of CNVs. In conclusion, the microarray method has a great contribution in explaining many unexpected findings in TS cases. Moreover, those CNV findings may contribute for the explanation of the underlying mechanisms of those anomalies.

The restricted random dislocation distribution model to describe ensembles of dislocations with a screw component in ZnO layers with a mosaic structure

By applying the restricted random dislocation distribution model, solved using a discrete Hankel transform approach, it is shown that the shapes and characteristics of the ω-scans of the ZnO 00.2 reflection are mainly determined by the strain field introduced by dislocations with a screw component. On the other hand, no clear evidence of mosaicity or interfacial region contributions is found despite the layers exhibiting a c axis oriented residual columnar structure and a highly defective interface being present. The applied model not only permits a more precise estimation of the densities of dislocations, which present a screw component with respect to methods based on the analysis of the 00.2 peak ω-scan FWHM, but also gives an indication of their distribution characteristics with the extracted values, as well as their homogeneous/quasi-regular spacing, being confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations.

On the microstructure and texture evolution in 17-4 PH stainless steel during laser powder bed fusion: Towards textural design

Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals allows the production of parts with complex designs, offering advanced properties if the evolution of the texture can be controlled. 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel is a high strength, high corrosion resistance alloy used in a range of industries suitable for AM, such as aerospace and marine. Despite 17-4 PH being one of the most common steels for AM, there are still gaps in the understanding of its AM processing–structure relationships. These include the nature of the matrix phase, as well as the development of texture through AM builds under different processing conditions. We have investigated how changing the laser power and scanning strategy affects the microstructure of 17-4 PH during laser powder bed fusion. It is revealed that the matrix phase is δ-ferrite with a limited austenite presence, mainly in regions of the microstructure immediately below melt pools. Austenite fraction is independent of the printing pattern and laser power. However, reducing the time between adjacent laser passes during printing results in an increase in the austenite volume fraction. Another effect of the higher laser power, as well as additional remelting within the printing strategy, is an increase in the average grain size by epitaxial ferrite grain growth across multiple build layers and the development of a mosaic type microstructure. Changes to the scanning strategy have significant impacts on the textures observed along the build direction, while 〈100〉 texture along the scanning direction is observed consistently. Mechanisms for texture formation and the mosaic structure are proposed that presents a pathway to the design of texture via AM process control.