Manufacture Of Mortars Research Articles

Insulation corkboard for sustainable energy and environmental protection

Cork products for the construction industry have an important contribution and remarkable advantages, namely insulation corkboard (ICB). The production of insulation corkboards uses only superheated steam, using steam generators fed with their own waste obtained in cork grinding and board finishing operations, not introducing any other products that are not exclusively cork. The agglomeration is based on cork resins, being a 100% natural and ecological product. At the end of the period of use, this product may come to be used in identical applications, since some tests showed that after this time the look and the essential properties of this insulation material are unchanged. In the case that this is not possible its grinding is promoted, obtaining a re- granulate which is used for new applications in thermal insulation or to be used as inert in the manufacture of light concrete and mortars. Considering an apparent density average value of 120 kg.m-3 and an average value of 90,000 m3/year for the total ICB production, this corresponds to a CO2 equivalent (sequestration) of more than 25,500 ton/year and corresponds to the pollution of more than 11,200 cars/year.

산업부산물(産業副産物)을 혼입(混入)한 친환경성(親環境性) 방초(防草) 모르타르의 제조(製造)에 관(關)한 기초적(基礎的) 연구(硏究)

일반 도로 및 산업단지 주변에 자생하는 잡초류에 대한 제거 작업이 상시 이루어지고 있으나 강한 자생력으로 인해 제초 작업에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 그간 이러한 수작업과 병행하여 방초 시트의 시공을 통한 제초작업이 이루어지고 있으나 경제성, 적용 부위의 한정 및 회수 처리 문제 등이 단점으로 지적되고 있다. 본 연구는 경제적이며 적용 범위에 제한을 받지 않고 제품으로서의 기능 상실 후 회수 처리의 간편함이 특징인 산업부산물을 활용한 친환경적 무시멘트 방초 모르타르의 제조에 관한 것으로 배합재료의 선정, 적정 배합 도출을 위한 다양한 시험 및 시험 시공을 실시한 후 각 종 결과의 비교, 분석을 통하여 방초 모르타르의 기초적 개발을 위한 연구결과를 도출하였다. Removal work about weeds that grow naturally on road and industrial complex is attaining ordinary times but is suffering difficulty in weeding work by strong self-generation power. In the meantime, going side by side with these manual processing and weeding work through construction of weed-proof seat is attaining, but economic performance, limitation of application region and withdrawal processing problem are being blamed for shortcoming. The scope of this study is about the manufacture of weed-proof mortar using eco-friendly industrial byproducts characterized by an economic and simplicity for not limited to loss of function as a product recovered after treatment. After the carried out the various experiments and actual construction for the selection of mixing materials and derivation of appropriate mix, through the comparison and analysis of results, it was investigated the research results of weed-proof mortar for fundamental development.

Use of fine recycled aggregates from ceramic waste in masonry mortar manufacturing

This paper evaluates the performance of fresh and hardened masonry mortar manufactured using fine recycled aggregate from ceramic partition wall rubble. Five mortars were prepared replacing 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of the natural sand by fine recycled aggregate. A 1:7 volumetric cement-to-aggregate ratio was used. The data were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and the results showed that replacement ratios of up to 40% by volume did not significantly affect the properties of fresh and hardened mortar, with the exception of density and workability. Therefore, the use of fine recycled aggregates in masonry mortar manufacturing could be a viable alternative that would help increase the recycling rate of construction and demolition waste and support sustainable development in the building sector.

Study of calcined halloysite clay as pozzolanic material and its potential use in mortars

In this research, we will try to understand the mechanisms involved in the introduction of calcined clays in substitution for a portion of cement in the manufacture of mortars. This experimental work focuses on the recovery of a clay type haloysite quality three, from eastern Algeria. This clay comes from a region called Djbel Debbagh hence its name (DD3). The main objective of this study is to see the influence of the activated clay by calcination with different percentages of 5, 10, 15 and 20% in substitution of cement, on thephysical-mechanical properties and behaviour of mortars towards chemical attacks. The study of pozzolanic activity allows to optimize a calcinations temperature of about 750°C, the study of its mechanical performance has shown an improvement of strength. Finally, the results of the durability test showed a good performance in different environments. Key words: Valorization, clay, mortar, temperature, pozzolanic activity, durability.

Use of copper slag in cement mortar

The use of a Chilean copper smelter slag in the manufacture of cement mortars was studied. Copper slag was characterized from the chemical, mineralogical and size distribution point of view. In addition, different Chilean standards were used to determine some important parameters of the waste and to perform compression and flexural assays of the cement mortars. The results obtained showed that the mortars manufactured with copper slag present a higher resistance to compression and flexural than those manufactured with river sand. It is concluded that this metallurgical residue can be used in civil construction.

Effect on the Alkali-Activator Mixing Ratio of Geopolymer Mortar Using Bottom Ash

This Study purposed to review on the strength of geopolymer mortar and the change in liquidity depending on the mixing ratio of alkali-activator in developing the geopolymer mortar using bottom ash as binder. Alkali-activator was used through mixing 9M-Sodium hydroxide (SH) and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate(SS) and its strength was measured by material age after curing for 48 hours at 60°C. As a result, the pressure strength was shown as 40MP when the mass ratios of 9M-Sodium hydroxide and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate were35 vs. 65 and 50 vs. 50, but the solution of the mass ratio of 50 vs. 50 showed the rapid solid phenomenon in the process of mortar manufacturing, thereby disadvantage in construction. In addition, in case of storing the mixed solution in room temperature, as the mix ratio of 9M-Sodium hydroxide increases, the solution solidified. Accordingly, when considering on strength, liquidity and storage, it’s most preferable to fix the mass ratio of 9M-Sodium hydroxide and 3 kinds of Sodium sillicate at 35 vs. 65.

Certain aspects in the use of refractory materials and their waste products in industry

New types of refractory articles and coatings that have been created in recent years and that possess high heat-resistant, physico-chemical, and mechanical properties when in use in corrosive media with high heat demand are presented. Data on the use of refractory scrap as a secondary raw material for the production of refractory materials as well as for the manufacture of runner clay, mortar, and powders for different purposes are presented.

The combined usage of ground waste glass with an industrial by-product in manufacturing Portland cement mortar

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of using a combination of ground waste glass and fly ash as a replacement for Portland cement in the manufacture of mortar. Ground waste glass with an average particle size of 100 μm was used as cement replacement with a class C fly ash. The influence of waste glass and fly ash combination on the physical properties of cement paste such as the initial and final setting time, volume expansion and water requirement for normal consistency were investigated. The compressive and flexural strength measurements were conducted on the mortar samples at ages of 2, 7, 28 and 56 days. The effect of high temperature at 300, 600 and 900°C on the mortar samples was also investigated. Results indicate that cement paste containing the combination of waste glass and fly ash showed longer setting times than the reference Portland cement. The mortars demanded slightly more water mainly due to the high fineness of the fly ash. It was found that the replacement of Portland cement by a combination of waste glass and fly ash had no remarkable effect on the volume expansion. The mortars containing 5% waste glass + 5% fly ash and 5% waste glass + 10% fly ash satisfy the requirement of strength class 42·5 of the related standard.

Recycled Red-Clay Ceramic Construction and Demolition Waste for Mortars Production

Recycled aggregates may make an important contribution toward decreasing the adverse consequences of the production and the dumping of construction and demolition waste (CDW) on the environment. The results of the experimental research work carried out at Lisbon’s Instituto Superior Tecnico and Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil are presented in this article. Normalized laboratory tests to assess the performance of standard mortars were used to demonstrate the technical feasibility of recycling the waste produced by the ceramics industry and from the demolition of red-clay bricks or tiles to produce mortars with less/no consumption of natural aggregates. Results are very promising up to a replacement ratio of sand with ceramic waste of at least 20%. The paper presents useful data for the ceramics industry, builders and mortar manufacturing companies in terms of minimizing the impact of CDW and using eco-efficient materials.

Strength and workability of masonry mortars manufactured with ladle furnace slag

Ladle furnace basic slag (LFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process. It has rarely been recovered in the past and is usually disposed of in landfill sites. Despite containing stable chemical substances of great quality, some of which are potentially hydraulic, its practical applications have been limited. This paper discusses the attractive option of using LFS in the manufacture of masonry mortars for use in the construction industry, which requires an analysis of the principal characteristics of such mortars, i.e. workability and mechanical strength. It reports on a comparative study, using standard commercial admixtures, between conventional masonry mortars and mortars manufactured with LFS as a partial replacement for sand and cement, the results of which imply considerable economic savings in sand and cement, improvements in the properties of the mortars and in overall sustainability, by avoiding disposal and conserving natural resources.

Mechanical characterization of Portland cement mortars containing petroleum or coal tar

This article discusses experimental data on the flexural and compressive strength of Portland cement mortars containing additions or cement replacements consisting in petroleum or coal tar, by-products of the oil and coal industries. The materials studied were two coal (BACA and BACB) and two petroleum (BPP and BPT) tars. The results show that it is feasible to use such materials as a partial replacement for cement in mortar manufacture. This should lead to the design of a new sustainable product that will contribute to lowering the environmental impact of construction materials while at the same time opening up an avenue for the re-use of this type of industrial by-products.

Manufacturing of mortars and concretes non-traditionals, by Portland cement, metakaoline and gypsum (15.05%)

In a thorough previous research (1), it appeared that creation, evolution and development of the values of compressive mechanical strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS), measured in specimens 1x1x6cm of mortar type ASTM C 452-68 (2), manufactured by ordinary Portland cement P-1 (14.11% C 3 A) or PY-6 (0.00% C 3 A), metakaolin and gypsum (CaSO 4 ∙2H 2 O) -or ternary cements, CT-, were similar to the ones commonly developed in mortars and concretes of OPC. This paper sets up the experimental results obtained from non-traditional mortars and concretes prepared with such ternary cements -TC-, being the portland cement/metakaolin mass ratio, as follows: 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40. Finally, the behaviour of these cements against gypsum attack, has been also determined, using the following parameters: increase in length (ΔL%), compressive, CS, and flexural, FS, strengths, and ultrasound energy, UE. Experimental results obtained from these non-traditional mortars and concretes, show an increase in length (ΔL), in CS and FS, and in UE values, when there is addition of metakaolin.

Applications of bacterial carbonatogenesis to the protection and regeneration of limestones in buildings and historic patrimony

Abstract The ability of the so-called carbonatogenic bacteria may be used for producing surficial protecting coatings (biocalcin) on limestones buildings, monuments and statuary. This is the concept of biomineralisation. Laboratory experiments were undertaken in order to choose the most active bacterial strains and to improve the composition of the nutritional media suitable for stimulating the nitrogen cycle metabolic pathways which are the only ones to be used in aerobic and/or microaerophilic conditions. Life-size experiments, subsequent measurements, and observations show that this natural process of biomineralisation is feasible within the frame of industrial constraints. This concept of further developments includes the creation of patinas and the manufacturing of biological mortars and cements which were also improved in the laboratory. The biomineralisation recreates a material that is remarkably similar to the limestone substrate because it uses natural microbial mediation which follows the same natural processes that formed many limestones.

Morteros de albañilería con escombros de demolición

The possibility of recycling construction rubble, its technical and economic effectiveness, and the social and ecological impact they provide for our society is the reason and the starting point for an optimal exploitation of this aggregate in the manufacture of masonry mortar, since it has the same inherent properties as those obtained from the quarry aggregates, described in the Cuban standard NC52-79:93. The work consists in the preparation and study of masonry mortars using recycled aggregates -demolition product-. Four volumetric dosages were prepared (1:4; 1:5; 1:6 y 1:8), which were submitted to physical and mechanical tests at 7, 28 and 60 days, adherence resistance at 28 days, and capillary absorption, obtaining similar results to those.

ワラ類の化学パルプ化 （ＩＩ） 稲ワラ・ソーダ蒸解黒液リグニンから分散剤の調製

Soda lignin from rice straw was sulfomethylated, and the dispersion ability of sulfomethylated lignin was compared with that of commercial softwood lignosulfonate. The results are summarized as follows : (1) Black liquor from soda cooking of rice straw was adjusted to pH 8.2 with aq. sulfurous acid. Same mole of formaldehyde as sodium sulfite formed in black liquor was added, and then dissolved lignin was directly sulfomethylated (SML I). Sulfomethylated black liquor was separated by gel filtration method (SML II : 0.18 S/C6-C3).(2) SML I shows the similar standard dispersion number (SDN), regardless of max. temperature of soda cooking and reaction time of sulfomethylation.SDN of sulfomethylated liquor including SWL I, however, is inferior to that of lignosulfonate. This may be due to the low content of sulfonic acid group and low purity of SML I. In order to utilize straw soda lignin as dispersant, it is necessary to isolate soda lignin from black liquor and to sulfomethylate the isolated soda lignin.(3) The setting time of mortar with SML II show the relatively similar results to that of commercial lignosulfonate. SML I, however, requires a long period of the setting time. The utilization of SML I as the dispersant is impractical in mortar manufacture.(4) The dispersion effect with SML II was compared by the use of various types of additives. Among seventeen additives tested here, citric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid and K, H-glucarate show the excellent SDN. Very high SDN shown by K, H-glucarate is worth noting.

Isotopic Fractionation of Carbon During CO2 Absorption by Mortar

Recent studies comparing dates from the carbon content of mortars with dendrochronologic dates for the same material have shown considerable inconsistencies related to mortar type (Van Strydonck et al, 1985). Even after the best possible removal of “dead” calcite, some mortars are unsuitable for dating. We describe here our experimental study of carbon isotope fractionation during the manufacture and hardening of mortars. Preliminary experiments established overall uptake of CO2 from the air. We then measured isotopic ratios in identical mortars at different hardening times.

Industry

Seahorse Projects have for some time been directly involved with the manufacture of epoxy mortars, coatings (solventless) expansion joint materials and other similar products.