Introduction: In the region of the arc of deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon is observed increased mortality during the dry season, mainly due to intense fires in the region. Objective: To analyse the temporal distribution and seasonality of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly, fire outbreaks, temperature, humidity and fine particulate matter in the city of Cuiabá in the period 2000-2011, with the exception of particulate matter whose series was available only for 2007-2011. Methods: An ecological study of annual series of mortality data from the Mortality Information System for the public health system. The seasonality was analysed by comparing the ratios of mortality in dry, intermediate and wet, at a significance level of 5 % periods. The percentage change in the trend of the period also was analysed. Results: Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the elderly in the city of Cuiabá shows an upward trend in the past 12 years with a positive percentage change of 58%. Mortality is about 70% higher in the dry season compared to the wet and intermediate periods with statistically significant differences. The point source of fires and fine particulate matter showed a decreasing trend for the periods analyzed, with a negative percentage change of -40% and -92%, respectively, however both variables have higher concentrations in the dry period and only for point source of fire there is a statistically significant difference. The temperature and humidity are stable characteristic period of 12 years, with a variation of -3% and -13%, respectively. Conclusion: Although point source of fire and particulate matter present downward trend in the periods analyzed, it is observed to increase CD mortality in elderly over the study period as well as important seasonal variation in prevalence of this event during the dry period.