Morphometric Indices Research Articles

Synergistic impact of Chlorella vulgaris, zinc oxide- and/or selenium nanoparticles dietary supplementation on broiler’s growth performance, antioxidant and blood biochemistry

The current study explored the influence of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris dried powder (CV) with zinc-oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and/or selenium-nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on broilers’ growth, antioxidant capacity, immune status, histological responses, and gene expression of some related genes. Several 200 one-day-old Cobb-500 male chicks were distributed into 5 groups with four replicates each. In the 1st group, birds were fed the basal diet (BD). In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups, birds received the BD supplemented with CV only, CV + ZnO-NPs, CV + Se-NPs, and CV + ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs, respectively. The CV dried powder, ZnO-NPs, and Se-NPs were added to the BD at a rate of 1 g, 40 mg, and 0.3 mg/kg diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, increases in final body weights (P < 0.05), body weight gain (P < 0.05), and feed intake (P < 0.05) were linked with improvements in FCR (P < 0.05) and intestinal morphometric indices (P < 0.05), and marked up-regulations of MYOS (P < 0.05), GHR (P < 0.05), and IGF (P < 0.05) genes were established. Additionally, distinct increases in antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD (P < 0.05), and GPX (P < 0.05) with increases in the mRNA copies of their genes were measured. Moreover, slight improvement in immunity indices, WBCs count (P > 0.05), and phagocytic and lysozyme activities (P > 0.05) were found. However, distinct increases in phagocytic index (P < 0.05) and up-regulations of IL-1β and TNF, and down-regulation of IL-10 mRNA levels were reported (P < 0.05). These findings were prominent in the case of the separate supplementation of CV with ZnO-NPs or Se-NPs confirming the synergistic mechanisms of CV with ZnO-NPs or Se-NPs. Thus, the synergetic supplementation of CV with ZnO-NPs, or Se-NPs in the broiler’s diet could augment their growth and antioxidant response.

Negative exokarstic units as a basis for urban management: Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

The morphometric characterization of large-scale depressions, with high-resolution contributions and in urban contexts, has been carried out in the cities of Cozumel and Playa del Carmen. For Tulum, the inputs have been insufficient in identifying depressions at a detailed level. This research aimed to analyze and characterize the negative exokarstic relief of the city of Tulum through morphometric parameters and urban elements that contribute to the knowledge of the human-nature relationship. From the DEM ALOS PALSAR, contour lines, elevation models, slopes, and shadows were extracted, which allowed the identification of depressions, topographic profiles, and the calculation of morphometric indices; subsequently, the distribution of depressions was analyzed concerning urban elements. The identified depressions were classified into uvalas, sinkholes, and poljes. The analysis of the topographic profiles allowed us to recognize units in the shape of "V" (64%), "U" (19%), and "Hoya" (17%). The highest concentration of type V depressions is observed in the city's central area, characterized by a medium and high population density, as well as the centralization of commercial and public establishments. The detailed characterization of depressions is a planning and management tool for the territory.

Correlation analysis of functional relationships between morphological indicators of small intestine mersis during the supply process

аdhesion disease has become a widespread disease, which for years has maintained a tendency to constant growth, and remains one of the most complex and unsolved topical problems of the functional state of the abdominal cavity. At the moment, most changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract are associated with a violation of the tissue barrier during the penetration of pathogenic types of microorganisms and absorption of toxic substances, which is one of the effects of biological factors on the intestine. Understanding the structure of the body, its morphological and functional features, the ability to understand the patterns of vital and pathological processes in various organs, tissues and the whole body. At the moment, the functional connections between the immune, nervous and endocrine links in the functioning of the tissues of the peritoneum and its components during the progressive adhesion process remain incompletely investigated. At the same time, it is also important to pay attention to the behavioral characteristics of the organism. Purpose of our investigation was to investigate the correlational relationships between the morphological indicators of the mesentery of the small intestine during the experimental adhesion process. The analysis of the relationship between the body weight and BMI of the animals of the experimental group with the morphological parameters of the adhesion formations (quantity and thickness) showed a high level of correlation, and confirms the influence of intensive processes of fibrin formation on the morphometric indicators of the experimental animals. Correlation analysis between the number of detected milk spots, the thickness of detected adhesions and the total number of lymphocytes, as well as PNA+-immunologically immature and SBA+B-lymphocytes at each observation period in the animals of the experimental group during the adhesion process showed the dependence of the thickness of fibrin formations and the number of immunocompetent cells, which can be characterized as a local immune response that determines the intensity of collagen formation by the serous membranes and affects the degree of adhesion formation. The revealed correlations between antigen-presenting cells, the area of ​​collagen fibers of the 1st and 3rd types, and the total number of lymphocytes, as well as PNA+-immunologically immature and SBA+-B-lymphocytes at each observation period in the animals of the experimental group during the adhesion process, indicate the morphogenetic function of lymphocytes against the background of the growth of the protein-synthesizing function of fibroblasts, which leads to an increase in the synthesis of collagen and other components of the connective tissue matrix. On the 14th and 21st days of the study, correlations were established between the number of antigen-presenting cells and the area of ​​collagen fibers of the 1st and 3rd types at each observation period in the animals of the experimental group during the adhesion process. The presence of these correlations indicates that the morpho-functional state of the SALC lymphoid tissue associated with the serous membranes of the peritoneum is determined by the activation of one or another link of immunity. After an antigenic impact on the body, there are shifts in the direction of activation of the population of B1-lymphocytes of the mesentery of the small intestine and B2-lymphocytes, which changes the structure of the tissue barrier of the peritoneum and affects the general state of the body.

Tectonic Geomorphology of Ultramafic Complex in Asera, North Konawe Regency

Ultramafic complex in Sulawesi have many potential from mining to environmental aspects. The process of weathering and tectonic is a key factor in understanding how to utilize these potential. Tectonic geomorphology by using morphometric indices and field observation has proven to be a beneficial method in distinguishing the topography and morphogenetic development of a region due to the complex interaction between erosional processes and tectonic movements. IAT measurement of 71 sub-basins shows that tectonic activity in the research area are divided into 4 classes with values ranging from 1,5 – 2,6. Field observation shows that morphologically the research area are faulted hills consist of peridotite, dunite and pyroxenite with various degree of weathering. The effect of weathering also reveal on the shape of sub-basins and drainage density in the research area. Tectonic activity present in the form of intensive joint on some parts, with no clear correlation with IAT Class. keyword: tectonic geomorphology, carbon capture storage, ultramafic, east Sulawesi ophiolite, morphometric indices

Quantitative metrics of bone quality determined at the distal radius using photon-counting CT.

To determine the accuracy of photon-counting-detector CT (PCD-CT) at deriving bone morphometric indices and demonstrate utility in vivo in the distal radius. Ten cadaver wrists were scanned using PCD-CT and high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HRpQCT). Correlation between PCD-CT and HRpQCT morphometric indices was determined. Agreement was assessed by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (Lin's CCC). Wrist PCD-CTs of patients between 02/2022 and 08/2023 were also evaluated for clinical utility. Morphometric indices of the in vivo distal radii were extracted and compared between patients with or without osteoporosis. In cadavers, strong correlation between PCD-CT and HRpQCT was observed for cortical thickness (Spearman correlation, ρ, 0.85), trabecular spacing (ρ = 0.98), and trabecular bone volume fraction (ρ = 0.68). Moderate negative correlation (ρ = - 0.49) was observed for trabecular thickness. PCD-CT shows good agreement to HRpQCT for cortical thickness, trabecular spacing, and trabecular bone volume fraction (Lin's CCC = 0.80, 0.94, and 0.86, respectively) but poor agreement (Lin's CCC = - 0.1) for trabecular thickness. In forty participants (31 adults and 9 pediatric), bone morphometrics indices for cortical thickness, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, and trabecular bone volume fraction were 0.99mm (IQR, 0.89-1.06), 0.38mm (IQR, 0.25-0.40), 0.82mm (IQR, 0.72-1.05), and 0.28 (IQR, 0.25-0.33), respectively. Patients with osteoporosis had statistically significantly larger trabecular spacing (p = 0.025) and lower trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (p = 0.042). This study demonstrates the agreement of PCD-CT to HRpQCT in cadavers of most cortical and bone morphometrics examined and provide in vivo quantitative metrics of bone microarchitecture from routine clinical PCD-CT images of the distal radius.

Tectonic evolution of Bursa Yenişehir Basin, Turkey from the Neogene to the Quaternary using a morphotectonic approach

In this study, the morphotectonic features of the Yenişehir pull‐apart basin in Bursa in northwestern Turkey were analysed. The faults in the region are the most important structural elements that characterize the morphology of the Yenişehir pull‐apart basin. The aim of this study is to show the deformation effects of these active faults on the geomorphology with some basic morphometric indices. The morphotectonic features were evaluated using the hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (Hi), drainage basin asymmetry (the asymmetry factor (AF) and the transverse topographic symmetry factor (T)), river length gradient index, mountain front sinuosity, and valley floor ratio. The morphometric indices that play an important role in the analysis of catchment areas are the Hi, AF, and T indices, which indicate tilting and erosion activities. According to the results of the hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral, the Yenişehir Basin is a young basin with a uniform topography as expected in an active pull‐apart basin formed by faulting in the Quaternary. The relative tectonic activity index (Iat) of the study area was calculated using the values of hypsometric integral, transverse topographic symmetry factor, asymmetry factor, mountain front sinuosity, valley floor ratio and stream length gradient index. The Iat values indicate the tectonic activity of the basin from Pliocene to Recent. Three different tectonic classes were identified in the study area. These are class 1 (high relative tectonic activity), class 2 (moderate relative tectonic activity), and class 3 (low relative tectonic activity). The Iat classification data show that the impact of tectonic activity on the geomorphology is lower in the Iat class 3 indices than in the others. The Iat data show high tectonic activity in the region where active faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone southern branch are located.

Trabecular bone microstructure parameters as predictors for chronological age: a systematic review.

Estimating chronological age is crucial in forensic identification. The increased application of medical imaging in age analysis has facilitated the development of new quantitative methods for the macroscopic evaluation of bones. This study aimed to determine the association of age-related changes in the trabecular microstructure with chronological age for age estimation in forensic science through different non-invasive imaging techniques. This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. An electronic search was performed with PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases as well as with a Google Scholar search. Qualitative synthesis was performed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment tool. A detailed literature search yielded 3467 articles. A total of 14 articles were ultimately included in the study. A narrative approach was employed to synthesize the data. Microcomputed tomography, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and cone beam computed tomography have been used for the quantitative estimation of age. These imaging techniques aid in identifying the trabecular bone microarchitectural parameters for chronological age estimation. Age-related changes in trabecular bone included a decrease in the bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and connectivity density and an increase in trabecular separation. This study also revealed that morphometric indices vary with age and anatomical site. This study is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CDRD42023391873.

CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWLY INTRODUCED POMEGRANATE VARIETIES

The paper is focused on examining and selecting morphometric indicators of leaves and flowers from genotypes within the collection of the pomegranate varieties. The research was carried out on 6 varieties of pomegranate plants, collected and introduced from diverse ecological and geographical regions. The objective was to collect, cultivate and assess the technological features of pomegranate varieties and forms. The morphometric characteristics of generative and vegetative organs from the “Malas” and “Kirmizi Gazyan” varieties were studied for the first time. Observation of pomegranate flower petals revealed that different sizes could be found in both long toothed (LT), middle toothed (MT) and short-toothed (ShT) flowers, suggesting petal size is not determined by flower type. The difference between the leaves of these two varieties was found to be insignificant. Flower diameter showed variability across all three types of flowers. The biological and economic significance of the newly developed form F-6-8 and the varieties “Malta”, “Oleg” and “Devachi” was also assessed. “F-6-8” and “Malta” are sweet varieties, while “Oleg” and “Devachi” are sweet and sour varieties. “Malta” was distinguished by its fruit weight (380.4 g), thin skin (2.5 g) and high juice yield (50.4%).

Morphometric characteristics of the relief and assessment of erosional hazards of the Kalaus River basin, Russia, based on digital modelling

In this work, the main goal was to analyse the erosional hazards within the boundaries of the Kalaus River catchment area.The paper analyses the erosive state of the region's lands, for which industry and cadastral maps, a digital elevation model and satellite images were used. Official data of ministries and departments were used. Geographic information systems – QGIS and SAGA GIS – served as the basis for modelling. The article presents the results of GIS modeling of erosional hazards in the territory of the Kalaus River basin. Based on the (DEM) SRTM digital elevation model, the basic morphometric indicators of the relief were calculated: steepness of the slopes and vertical and horizontal dissection of the relief. Based on morphometric indicators, an integral calculation of the energy of relief and erosion hazard was carried out and a series of relevant thematic maps was created. The values of slope steepness obtained within the boundaries of the basin range from 0° to 51° with average values of 2.5°. The horizontal dissection varies in the range from 0 to 0.84 km/km2, and the erosion bases are characterized by a range of values from – 15.0 to 248.6 m, with an average value of 33.0 m. The formation of the erosional potential of the basin’s relief is facilitated by the location of a significant part of the region on the spurs of the Stavropol Upland, which have widely developed slopes. Based on the calculated raster of the integral energy index of the relief, 3 categories of erosional hazard are identified. Most of the basin of the Kalaus River (58.4 %) is characterised by a low erosion hazard, another 39.0 % of the territory presents an average erosion hazard, and the remaining 2.9 % belongs to territories with a strong erosion hazard. The classification of relief surface shapes based on the Iwahashi and Pike method, which was carried out on the basis of a DEM, shows a much greater prevalence of steep slopes with high convexity in the southern part of the Kalaus River basin.The identified features of the level of erosional hazard of the lands of the Kalaus River basin are recommended to be taken into account in preinvestment, pre‐design and urban project planning of the territories of administrative units located within the boundaries of the basin. Despite the fact that the results of GIS analysis cannot completely replace field erosion surveys, their value as a tool for planning rational land use is obvious. The results of the work can be used to carry out a similar assessment in other regions, primarily in the organisation of agricultural production.

Scale Characteristics of Six Fish Species of the Genus Cyprinion (Teleostei: Cypriniformes): A Microscopic Analysis.

This study investigated the morphological characteristics of scales in six Cyprinion species, using light and scanning electron microscopy focusing on key features such as scale type, key scales, lateral line scales, radius/radii, rostral margin, focus, circuli, lepidonts, tubercles, and scale indices. The research analyzed the scales using ultramicroscopy and light microscopy imaging, categorizing them based on size classes and body regions. The morphological variations in scale characteristics were examined across different species, regions, and size classes. Notable findings included the tetra-sectioned form of scales, representing a unique characteristic of the Cyprinion genus. Morphological changes in scale features were observed with fish growth, particularly in the overall shape, focus shape, and size. Quantitative analysis revealed variations in average relative scale length and width among different species, regions, and size classes. The study utilized canonical discriminant analysis for multivariate assessment, classifying the species into distinct groups based on morphometric indices. The findings contribute to the understanding of scale morphology in Cyprinion species and exploring morphological variation between the examined species.

Secondary silicone-induced glaucoma after vitrectomy for regmatogenic retinal detachment

BACKGROUND: Retinal detachment is a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness, affecting 2–9% of individuals. Research has shown that local immune-inflammatory processes contribute significantly to the development of this condition. Polymethylsiloxane has long been used as a tamponade substance in the treatment of retinal detachment. It is currently utilized in various forms of retinal detachment as well as in the management of complications such as retinal edge folding and vitreous opacity. However, the use of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity can lead to the development of secondary ocular hypertension and glaucoma, with prevalence rates ranging from 2.2% to 64.2% according to studies. AIM: Conduct a comparative analysis of biochemical and morphometric indicators and justify the expediency of conducting immune therapy for patients with secondary silicone-induced glaucoma. METHODS: A prospective study included 22 patients (22 eyes) in the main group and 22 patients in the comparison group (22 eyes). The average age of the patients was 55±5.3 years (46–68 years), with 28 females and 16 males. Patients in the main group received anti-cytokine therapy (aminopropyldithioethylene-diamine sodium and anakinra). The primary endpoint of the study was the assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and perimetric indices. RESULTS: The results revealed an inverse relationship between cytokine levels and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients who underwent vitrectomy with silicone tamponade. Additionally, a direct relationship was observed between the diameter of emulsified silicone in the anterior chamber and cytokine levels. The impact of mechanical fragmentation of polymethylsiloxane during nystagmus and direct toxic effects on optic nerve fibers requires further investigation. The study also highlighted the need for more accurate methods of selecting anterior chamber fluid for evaluating the effectiveness of immune therapy. Determining the appropriate dosage, duration, and administration method of anti-cytokine drugs also requires further research. Evaluation of ophthalmotonometric indicators, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and mean deviation revealed significantly better outcomes in patients receiving anti-cytokine therapy compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support the use of anti-cytokine therapy to normalize biochemical parameters in the anterior chamber and reduce clinical manifestations of secondary silicone-induced glaucoma.

Implications of active Gavilgarh/Salbardi fault on the evolution of the late Quaternary landscape in Central India

The morphometric indices (MI) have been calculated along the Gavilgarh/Salbardi Fault (G/SF) to investigate active deformation, tectonic uplift, and basin tilt to find out its impact on the late Quaternary landscape. To explore the tectonic intensity, we computed MI such as stream-length gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (HI), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), asymmetry factor (Af), basin elongation ratio (Re), mountain front sinuosity (Smf) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). The necessary field investigations were carried out on the evolution of the Quaternary landscape to ascertain the various morphometric indices. The evaluated values of SL, HI, Re, Smf, and Vf show the high uplift of the northern block exists as opposed to the southern block, and the tilt and asymmetric character of the basins are shown by T and Af values. The presence of sedimentary landscapes like Quaternary alluvium, triangular facets, natural levees, and boulder-pebbly beds, indicates that the area has recently experienced tectonic activity. The assessed values of MI with supporting field evidence proposed that the northern block is uplifted and the basins are tilted because of the effect of G/SF.

Mandibular bone mass density in a medieval population and its relationship with stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N.

The aim of this study was to compare the level of bone mass in digital orthopantomograms in two populations (medieval and current) using two radiomorphometric indexes, and to correlate the mandibular bone mass value, in the medieval mandible population, with stable isotope data δ13C and δ15N. An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study on mandibles from two diachronic groups, 15 mandibles from the medieval settlement of La Torrecilla (Granada, Spain) and 15 mandibles from current patients at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada (Spain), matched by age and sex was conducted. The bone mass density was determined using the Mandibular Cortical Width Index (MCW) and the Mandibular Panoramic Index (PMI) in digital panoramic radiographs. In the medieval group, the values of bone mass density were correlated with those of two stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). The mean value of MCW in mm in the medieval group was 3.96 ± 0.60 (mean ± standard deviation) and in the current group was 4.02 ± 1.01. The PMI was 0.33 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.08 in the medieval and current groups respectively, with similar results in both groups (p = 0.820 and p = 0.575). A negative correlation was found between both morphometric indices and the δ15N isotope (rs = 0.56, p = 0.030 and rs = 0.61, p = 0.016, respectively). The bone mass density in mandibles belonging to the two compared populations, determined by two quantitative radiomorphometric indices, is similar. Within the medieval population, there is an inverse correlation between the δ15N value and bone mass density.

Identifying key morphometrics to post-storm beach recovery through explainable AI

In the context of ongoing discussions about climate change, the focus on beach resilience has gained significant attention in contemporary studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of beach resilience, particularly in the short term, remains limited. This study utilizes a dataset of 104 storm events in Hasaki beach, located on the East coast of Japan, to investigate the 10-day beach recovery. The study considers four types of distinct beach profile patterns based on sandbar formations. Employing XGBoost and the SHAP explanation method, the influence of morphometric indicators on beach resilience were explored. Resilient beach profiles are anticipated to exhibit rapid recovery following erosional storm events. The results reveal that morphometrics play a crucial role in determining the short-term, 10-day, recovery of beaches, with specific morphometric features demonstrating pronounced effects based on profile patterns. The study contributes to the current knowledge of post-storm beach recovery and provides insights that could inform discussions on beach resilience.

Morphological aspects of small intestinal mucosal injury and repair after electron irradiation.

Morphological evaluation of the small intestine mucosa and apoptosis activity (caspase-3) is necessary to assess the severity of damage to the small intestine. At the same time, proliferative index based on Ki-67 can be used to assess the regenerative potential of the small intestine. Fragments of small intestine of Wistar rats (n=60) of three groups: I) control (n=20); II) experimental group (n=20; local single electron irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy), III) experimental group (n=20; local single electron irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy) were studied by light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to Ki-67 and caspase-3. In all samples of the experimental groups, a decrease in all morphometric indices was observed on day 1 with a tendency to recover on day 3. Small intestinal electron irradiation led to disturbances in the histoarchitecture of varying severity, and an increase in cell apoptosis was observed (increased expression of caspase-3 and decrease in Ki-67). In addition, modulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways was detected. The most pronounced destructive changes were observed in the group of 8 Gy single electron irradiation. Local irradiation of the small intestine with electrons at a dose of 2 and 8 Gy results in a decrease in the number of enterocytes, mainly stem cells of the intestinal crypts.

DIFFERENTIATION AND STRUCTURE OF FOREST STANDS IN THE VORSKLA RIVER VALLEY WITHIN THE BOUNDS POLTAVA REGION

The article examines the forest vegetation of the Vorskla River, addressing the issue of spatial differentiation, structure, and dynamics of changes in tree species. Scientific investigation demonstrates that the forest type and the stand’s structure are influenced by ecological factors such as soil type, climate, water regime, and flora and fauna. Within the Vorskla River valley, 27 forest formations with a total area of 72,353.2 hectares (12.8% forest cover) have been identified. Based on morphometric indicators, the forest formations are categorized as follows: 3 large formations, 6 medium-sized formations, 10 small formations, 6 tiny formations, and 1 local formation. The dominant formations are Pineta silvestris covering 34,970.3 hectares (48.33%), Querceta roboris covering 20,693.1 hectares (28.6%), and Alneto glutinosae covering 5,800.2 hectares. The formations with the smallest areas are Ulmeto laevis covering 13.8 hectares (0.02%), Ulmeta glabrae covering 57.09 hectares (0.08%), Saliceta fragilis covering 48.09 hectares (0.07%), Gleditsia triacanthos covering 19.9 hectares (0.03%), Carpineta betuli covering 14.8 hectares (0.02%), Acereta tatarici covering 41.2 hectares (0.06%), and Acerata pseudoplatani covering 18.5 hectares (0.03%). The Piceeta abietis local formation is covering 5.7 hectares (0.01%).

A new approach to flood susceptibility analysis of urbanised alluvial fans: the case of Bursa City (Türkiye)

AbstractFloods stand out as one of the most significant disasters impacting human life, causing widespread economic and social damage across the globe. Numerous research studies have concentrated on comprehending the contributing factors of flooding. Despite the prevalence of morphometry-based basin flood susceptibility analyses in existing literature, a comprehensive examination that encompasses anthropogenic features in alluvial fans is notably lacking. This study aims to evaluate the flood susceptibility of alluvial fans and their catchments in urbanised areas, integrating individual and collective basin/fan (B/F) morphometry and land use characteristics with flood inventory data. The study area selected for this investigation is the basin and fan systems situated on the northern slope of the Uludağ Massif (2543 m), the highest point in the Marmara Region, northwestern Türkiye. Twelve basin morphometric parameters were applied to 5 m resolution Digital Elevation Model data, while six fan morphometric and anthropogenic parameters were applied to alluvial fans. In addition, the results were assessed using the Normalised Morphometric Flood Index method to mitigate subjectivity in result ranking. According to the integrated basin/fan flood susceptibility results obtained through bivariate analysis, B/F6 exhibits a very high susceptibility, while B/F1, B/F3, B/F2, B/F5, B/F4, and B11/F8 demonstrate high susceptibility. B7, 8, 9, 10/F7 display a moderate potential for generating floods. These findings align significantly with historical flood events in the basin/fan area.

Analysis of survival and morphometric parameters of loach embryos and prelarvae under the action of the polyethyleneglycol derivative polymeric nanocarrier

Background. Our previous studies have shown a minor embryotoxic effect of polymeric poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG carrier on Missgurnus fossilis L. embryos and prelarvae. At the same time, it was found that a 3-day exposure to 10-15 M polymer carrier slowed developing, which is characterized by a delayed hatching of larvae. However, in the 10-day experiment on loach larvae exposed to polymeric carrier, anomalies and defects of development have not been identified. The aim of this work was to analyze the embryos and prelarvae survival, as well as determine the morphometric indicators of the loach embryos under the action of a PEG-modified polymer carrier. Materials and Methods. Ovulation in loach females (Misgurnus fossilis L.) was stimulated by intramuscular injection of female chorionic gonadotropin (500 units), eggs were obtained 36 h after stimulation, fertilized in Petri dishes with a suspension of sperm according to A. A. Neifach. The stages of development were observed visually under a binocular microscope MBS-9 with a photo camera in a real-time mode. The experimental embryos were incubated in Goltfreter’s solution with the addition of PEG-containing carrier to a final concentration of 10 and 100 μmol/L. The morphological development of the embryo groups was evaluated according to the T. Fujimoto deve­lopment tables (2004), and the morphological parameters (diameter and area of roes, blastomers, embryos, embryo sac and blastodisk) were measured using ImageJ and Photoshop (CC 2014v15) programs. Results. Addition of the 10 μmol/L PEG-containing carrier to the medium initiated significant positive changes in the survival of loach embryos and prelarvae, in contrast to exposure to 100 μmol/L carrier. A significant increase in the area and diameter of blastomers and the embryos themselves under the influence of 100 μmol/L PEG carrier was established, which may indicate swelling of the embryos and a disruption of water-salt exchange that causes the early death of embryos. Conclusions. (1) Low embryotoxicity of the PEG-polymer was confirmed on the studied model of the loach embryos. Based on the obtained data and the original data of J. Maes et al. (2) PEG is an attractive polymeric carrier for the delivery of a variety of compounds to both embryos and prelarvae as well as other model subjects. Despite the fact that we investigated only two concentrations of the PEG-containing carrier, it is quite likely that these concentrations of the carrier are (3) biologically active in themselves and, therefore, a thorough selection of the PEG-carrier concentration for each objective of the model is needed.

CREATION AND USE OF GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The modern urban environment requires an integrated approach to management and development that takes into account various aspects of urban development and quality of life. This article discusses the use of geoinformation technologies for the creation and use of a geospatial database in the context of urban development analysis and morphometric indicators. It emphasises the importance of collecting, analysing and using geodata for effective urban planning and development. The article discusses various aspects of the use of geographic information systems in urban planning, including remote sensing for collecting geospatial data, analysis of morphometric indicators of urban development, development of recommendations for improving the urban environment and creation of urban plans based on the analysis of these data. The article highlights the main advantages of using geoinformation technologies in urban planning, such as increased accuracy and speed of data processing, the ability to comprehensively analyse geospatial information and simplify decision-making. The results of the study can be useful for city authorities, architects, planners and other stakeholders involved in the development and management of the urban environment. The use of geoinformation technologies in urban planning can contribute to the sustainable development of cities and improve the quality of life of their residents by making the planning process more efficient and transparent. The role of geoinformation technologies in the creation and use of a geospatial database for the analysis of urban development and morphometric indicators was investigated. In particular, the main aspects of creating a geospatial database, the use of geographic information systems in the collection and processing of geodata, as well as the analysis and application of morphometric indicators in urban planning were considered.

STRATEGIES FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

In the twentieth century, governance approaches to watershed planning evolved in response to environmental challenges. The paper highlights the importance of watersheds and explores methodologies used in global watershed planning over the last decade, focusing on popular methods and their rationale. Through a systematic literature review of 10,154 publications, using ENDNOTE X9 for citation management (Bramer, 2018), and VOSviewer ver.1.6.18 software (Van Eck and Waltman, 2018) to prioritize publications, the study identified the most cited publications related to "Watershed", "Planning", and "Management". From these, publications aligning with study objectives underwent comprehensive review, totaling 270. Commonly used methods, such as "Integrated Watershed Management Planning" and geographic information systems techniques like morphometric indices, overlap weighting, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), emerged as prevalent findings.