Morphological Processes Research Articles

Linguistic Adaptation And Socio-Religious Identity: The Expansion of Religious Vocabulary in the Ambonese Malay Language

This research examines the expansion of religious vocabulary in Ambon Malay from a socio-dialectological perspective. This research aims to understand how variations in religious vocabulary reflect the social, cultural, and religious identity of the Ambon people. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a historical-comparative analysis method, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and literature documentation. The results showed that the expansion of Ambon Malay vocabulary involved phonological, morphological, and semantic adaptation processes, influenced by Arabic, Portuguese, and Dutch. Religious vocabulary variations were found to be significant in reflecting cross-religious differences, such as the use of the terms "God," "sambayang," and "sombayang." This study provides new insights into language dynamics in multicultural societies, enriching the linguistic and socio dialectological literature.

Non-targeted metabonomics reveals the effect of linalyl alcohol on Brochothrix thermophile and its potential application.

Brochothrix thermophcta (B. thermophcta) is a pathogenic microorganism associated with food contamination. Linalyl alcohol, owing to its broad spectrum and exceptional antibacterial properties, is regarded as a potent natural antimicrobial agent. This is to elucidate the cellular-level mechanism of linalyl alcohol on B. thermophacta and investigate, for the first time, its regulatory effect on the metabolic pathway of B. thermophacta through metabonomics analysis. The results demonstrated that treatment with linalyl alcohol led to a reduction in bacterial metabolic capacity, while simultaneously promoting an increase in membrane fluidity through damage to the bacterial cell membrane. A total of 201 differential metabolites were identified at the metabolic level, with 50 showing significant up-regulation and 151 displaying significant down-regulation. The differential metabolites primarily participate in the tRNA cycle, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, with a particular emphasis on the significant impairment of amino acid metabolism. The application results demonstrated that linalyl alcohol exhibited a significant antibacterial effect on B. thermosphacta, as evidenced by the negligible changes observed in the color, smell, and tissue state of pork even after 8days of treatment. In summary, linalyl alcohol exhibits multi-target and multi-pathway inhibition against B. thermosphacta, leading to disruption of cell morphology and metabolic processes. These findings provide a novel theoretical foundation for understanding the inhibitory mechanism of linalyl alcohol on B. thermosphacta, highlighting its potential as an effective alternative to food additives in the preservation industry of livestock products.

Morphological Analysis of Prefixes in the Makasae Language

This study examines the morphological processes in the Makasae language, focusing on the use of prefixes ‘Au’- and ‘Tuli’- to form adjectives and verbs. Makasae, a language spoken primarily in East Timor, belongs to the Trans-New Guinea language family and features a rich system of affixation. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze data collected through elicitation tasks and sentence construction with native speakers. The study examines how the prefix ‘Au’- attaches to various root words to create descriptive adjectives, while ‘Tuli’- combines with verb roots to form dynamic and forceful action verbs. The findings highlight the productivity and regularity of these prefixes in shaping Makasae’s verbal and adjectival morphology. ‘Au’- is found to serve as an adjectivizing tool, whereas ‘Tuli’- contributes to the formation of action-oriented verbs with a sense of intensity or aggression. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of Makasae’s affixation system and its role in the broader context of Trans-New Guinea linguistics. Further research is recommended to explore additional morphological processes and regional variations in the use of these affixes.

Derivation in the Lamaholot Language, Tanah Boleng Dialect, Bayunta’a Village

This study aims to (1) investigate which word classes undergo derivational morphological processes in the Lamaholot language, Tanah Boleng dialect, Bayunta'a Village, and (2) describe the derivational morphological processes in the Lamaholot language, Tanah Boleng dialect, Bayunta'a Village. The method used is a morphological study. The research subjects are reliable informants. The research object is derivation in the Lamaholot language, Tanah Boleng dialect, Bayunta'a Village. The qualitative data analysis process is supported by qualitative descriptions using structured interviews. The results of this study revealled the following data obtained by the researcher. There are three types of affixes in the Lamaholot language: prefixes, suffixes, and infixes. There are three types of prefixes: (be-), (ke-), and (pe-). There is one type of suffix: (n-). There is one type of infix: (en-). There is also a change in the initial phoneme which is only found in verb derivation, namely the change from the basic word class of verb to noun (deverbal noun), which is (/D/>/K/), (/G/>/K/), (/H/>/N/), and (/T/>/N/).

How Words are Formed? A Case Study of Morphological Integration of Malay Words in Nyonya Cuisine

The Malay language plays a vital role in the morphological integration of Baba Malay in Nyonya cuisine, a signature dish of Baba Nyonya (traders who travelled to the Strait of Malacca in the 15th and 17th century from southern China, Fujian and intermarried with locals). The Malay language inspiration in Nyonya cuisine has yet to be investigated systematically. This qualitative study examines the morphological processes in the Malay language that influence the linguistic expansions of the Baba Malay. The study proved that integrating the Malay language helped to expand Nyonya cuisine nationwide. Baba Malay (in Melaka) is more influenced by standard Malay, particularly where the lexicon is concerned. The study grasps morphological integration in Nyonya cuisine, which results in cultural crossbreeding by the movement of the Baba Nyonya into the Malay language, geographical proximity, and political aspects. The study recorded that the Nyonya cuisines are compound nouns and endocentric compounds.

Toward zero-excess lithium sulfur batteries: a systematic cell parameter study

Abstract Zero-excess lithium (ZEL) or ‘anode-free’ batteries aim to minimize negative electrode material and address the challenges associated with handling thin lithium metal foils during fabrication. To date, most studies in the field of ZEL cells have primarily focused on lithium-ion chemistry, with considerably fewer systematic investigations into ZEL-sulfur (ZELiS) cell fabrication and optimization. Here we develop a ZELiS battery, comprising a Li2S-based composite positive electrode on carbon paper paired with a Ni foil current collector (CC) and evaluate the effects of various CC materials, electrolyte volume to Li2S mass ratio and C-rate. The developed cells reproducibly achieve an average Coulombic efficiency of 99% from cycles 2 to 200, and a final capacity of 272 mAh g−1 Li2S at a C/10 rate. Furthermore, we employ x-ray computed tomography to elucidate the morphological changes and degradation processes occurring within the positive electrode composite, revealing the irreversible loss of Li2S/S8 during cycling, which is exacerbated at high rates. These results should be useful in the development of commercially viable ZEL energy storage devices.

Deep learning detects entire multiple-size lunar craters driven by elevation data and topographic knowledge

ABSTRACT Lunar craters are important geomorphological features, that provide valuable insights into lunar morphology, geology, and impact processes. However, the current understanding of lunar craters of different sizes, especially smaller craters (diameter <5 km), is still incomplete. The lack of understanding of small lunar craters affects our understanding of the lunar surface and its geological history. Therefore, in this study, we propose a deep learning Crater Detection Algorithms (CDA), called Lunar Topographic Knowledge Attention U-Net (LTKAU-Net) that integrates a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic knowledge. This CDA combines DEM data and topographic knowledge (Slope of Slope) through additional input channels to enhance the recognition ability for craters of different sizes, especially for small craters. The experimental results show that LTKAU-Net not only improves the extraction of craters larger than 5 km in diameter but also identifies many craters less than 5 km in diameter. In addition to detecting more craters, LTKAU-Net achieves high accuracy for both the validation and test datasets. The distribution of craters exhibits a heterogeneous spatial pattern, with lower kernel density values in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere, and lower values in the western hemisphere than in the eastern hemisphere. In addition, the Nectarian and Imbrian periods are the periods with the highest number of craters. Our research results can supplement existing manually annotated datasets, providing comprehensive evidence for further studies of the distribution and geological evolution of lunar craters.

Impact of anatomical and morphological processes on the storage life of fruits and vegetables

The purpose of the article is to establish the infl uence of anatomical and morphological processes on the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. It has been established that when storing fruits and vegetables, growth processes occur during the germination of vegetative vegetables and seeds of fruits and fruit vegetables. During the entire storage period, modifi cations of the external protective tissues, as well as wound reactions for the healing of mechanical damage, mainly in the post-harvest period, are observed. The impact of these processes on the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables has been revealed.

Formation and evolution of inclusions in Q355B steel deoxidised with silicon and manganese

Q355B is extensively utilised owing to its superior mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the inclusions generated during the deoxidation process with aluminium and the treatment with calcium in steelmaking can profoundly influence these properties. Consequently, this study explores the inclusions formed during the manufacturing process of Q355B utilising silicon–manganese deoxidation alloys in an industrial setting. Furthermore, this research evaluates the deoxidation efficacy of the silicon–manganese alloy and elucidates the fluctuations in oxygen and nitrogen concentrations throughout the entire process. This study further investigates the types, number density, size, morphology and transformation processes of the inclusions generated throughout the Q355B production using silicon–manganese deoxidation alloy; additionally, electrolytic treatment was performed on the cast billets to extract large inclusions. The findings reveal that the deoxidation efficiency of the SiMn alloy is enhanced at relatively low temperatures and with a high manganese-to-silicon ratio. The predominant cause for the increase in total oxygen content in the molten steel during the smelting process is the exposure of the molten steel to secondary oxidation. Manganese–silicon deoxidation adequately fulfils the production requirements for Q355B. Oxide inclusions predominantly comprise Si–Mn-type oxides and their evolved inclusions; during the evolution process, aluminium-containing spinels generate calcium aluminium silicates in conjunction with CaO present in the slag. The number density of inclusions consistently decreases; however, it may subsequently increase due to secondary oxidation and slag entrapment. Throughout the evolution process, inclusions continuously aggregate and grow, resulting in an increasing proportion of large inclusions, while small-sized sulphide inclusions precipitate during the continuous casting process. The analysis of the isothermal ternary phase diagram of the slag system, in conjunction with the electrolytic results of the cast billets, confirms the occurrence of secondary oxidation and slag entrapment during the smelting process. Thermodynamic software calculations elucidate the formation and evolution of composite inclusions, offering critical insights for composition control to mitigate the associated hazards of composite inclusions. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of precipitates clarify the solidification conditions and temperature required for the precipitation of MnS, demonstrating that the size of the precipitates is negatively correlated with the cooling rate and positively correlated with the concentration of the strongly segregated element sulphur.

Study on hsa_circ_101209 in Plasma of Pregnant Women with Deep Venous Thrombosis.

This study analyzed the expression and diagnostic value of hsa_circ_101209 in plasma of pregnant women with in deep vein thrombosis (DVT). By circRNA microarray detection and GO/KEGG analysis, hsa_circ_14797 targeting miRNA-mRNA network was predicted. Sixty women with DVT were selected as the DVT group, and 60 women without DVT as the non-DVT group. hsa_circ_14797 in plasma was detected, as well as D-dimer (D-D) concentration and P-selectin expression. Target genes that may be regulated by hsa_circ_14797 were predicted, and GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed. hsa_circ_14797 was highly expressed in DVT. hsa_circ_14797 in plasma of DVT patients was positively correlated with D-D (r = 0.358, P = 0.001). The AUC of plasma hsa_circ_14797, D-D, and P-selectin for maternal DVT diagnosis were 0.787 (95% CI: 0.710-0.864), 0.882 (95% CI: 0.821-0.943), and 0.825 (95% CI: 0.754-0.895), respectively. The AUC of hsa_circ_14797 combined with D-D was 0.886 (95% CI: 0.828-0.944). The AUC of hsa_circ_14797 combined with P-selectin was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.853-0.954). The AUC of P-selectin combined with D-D was 0.935 (95% CI: 0.893-0.978). The AUC of hsa_circ_14797 combined with D-D and P-selectin was 0.953 (95% CI: 0.920-0.986). The functions of hsa_circ_14797 included the biological processes of angiogenesis, vascular development, and vascular morphology. The enrichment pathways included PI3K-Akt pathway, TGF-β pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. hsa_circ_14797, D-D, and P-selectin in plasma of DVT pregnant patients are increased, and hsa_circ_14797 in plasma is positively correlated with D-D. hsa_circ_14797 combined with D-D and P-selectin can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of DVT and contribute to the early diagnosis of DVT.

Nano calcium carbonate promotes phosphorus uptake in wheat by modulating the rate of phosphorus release and facilitating soil bacterial-mediated phosphorus morphological transformation processes

NCC can reduce leaching losses of P fertilizers by slowly releasing P and increase soil AP content by increasing the abundance of bacteria carrying phoD, gcd, ppx, and ppa genes that activate ALP activity and promote inorganic P solubilization.

Morphological causatives in Moroccan Arabic: An Optimality-Theoretic account

This study investigates the formation of the morphological causative in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of Optimality Theory. The pivotal process involved in this construction is morphological gemination, where the second consonant of the root is doubled (e.g., ktəb ~ kəttəb). A perplexing aspect of this process is its consistent targeting of the second consonant, while excluding ill-formed words such as *kktəb and *ktəbb. In this study, we argue that the linearization of the causative morpheme in MA is governed by phonological well-formedness interacting with the morphological process of causativization, resulting in infixation. This phenomenon exemplifies the Emergence of the Unmarked (McCarthy &amp; Prince 1994; Alderete et al. 1999), where the otherwise inactive markedness constraint *COMPLEXONSET in the language assumes explanatory prominence. The strength of the analysis proposed here lies in treating the infixal process as an outcome of simple and universal constraints, primarily motivated by demands on prosodic well-formedness, without recourse to language-specific templatic patterns. This approach highlights the implications of phonological constraints in capturing morphological processes and suggests that templatic patterns may emerge from phonological well-formedness rather than being innate to the language.

Case Marking in Pashto Nouns: Word and Paradigm Approach

The present study investigates the case marking of nouns in the Marwat dialect of the Pashto language, spoken in many regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan by using the Word-and Paradigm (WP) approach of Haspelmath &amp; Sims (2010). The study attempts to analyze and describe morphological processes of case marking of nouns in the Pashto language. The data was collected from different villages of district Lakki Marwat, located in the south of KPK, in the form of audio recordings of eight willing and preferably old uneducated rural participants. The analysis of the data showed that Pashto nouns shared a number of morphological features with other IA (Indo-Aryan) languages like Rangri vis-à-vis the presence of grammatical gender marking. The data also shows that Pashto nouns are morphologically rich. Nouns carry these case inflections i.e. ergative, nominative, accusative, oblique, and vocative. The study finds the WP approach suitable for the analysis of the morphologically complex Pashto language due to its ability to deal with cumulative, extended, and zero exponents.

Wavelet Total Variation Fusion and Fuzzy Logic Decision-Based Haze Density and Sky Region-Aware De-Hazing

In this study, we present a fuzzy logic-based classifier with a decision-based partial differential equation (PDE) for single image de-hazing. This enhanced partitioning is achieved via adaptive segmentation and morphological region-growing processes. Also, the first stage fusion of enhanced inverted log illumination and log reflectance components leads to minimization or elimination of edge artifacts. Additionally, improved scene discrimination between sky and non-sky regions due to the fuzzy logic decision-based approach is achieved. This results in effective de-hazing without sky region over-enhancement. Furthermore, a modified wavelet multi-level decomposition-based de-hazing algorithm is presented. It improves details and local contrast in de-hazed images, especially for images with thick haze. Ultimately, these algorithms are fused to obtain the best and most consistent results for all images. Experimental comparisons with the state-of-the-art algorithms show improved sky discrimination and improved clarity.

ESTUDIO MORFOFONOLÓGICO DE LAS PALABRAS SIMPLES DEL PAPIAMENTO, EN ARUBA, BONAIRE Y CURAZAO

The American continent treasures a linguistic diversity, evident in the original languages and in languages that unite morphological, syntactic, phonological and semantic structures of languages with different typological classifications, such as Creole languages. These languages originate from linguistic crossbreeding and are an element of a historical process of interrupted and restructured transmission that differs from the genealogical models of the Indo-European languages, specifically the Papiamentu of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao (known as the ABC islands). In the present research, the morphophonological processes of vowel elision, metathesis, epenthesis and epenthesis in the simple words of Papiamentu spoken on the above-mentioned islands are demonstrated. The terminology to be analysed is presented, compiled from Papiamentu-English bilingual dictionaries, a Papiamentu-English trap song and research on the phonology and morphology of the language. The processes of linguistic change manifested in the grammatical categories indicated are described succinctly. For these purposes, this work employs the postulates of linguistic variation and of researchers specialising in the phonology and morphology of Papiamentu and other American Creole languages. The corpus consists of thirteen (13) examples of vowel elision. In addition, the following morphological change processes are described: nine (9) examples of metathesis, four (4) examples of epenthesis and twelve (12) examples of epenthesis. Regarding the analysis, it is obtained that Papiamentu is a language that starts as a pidgin of Portuguese and Spanish origin, in which the lexicon of Dutch and African origin is added. The pattern of alternating loss of vowels according to the etymology of the word modified in Papiamento is detected. Furthermore, the addition of vowels in the final position of words derived from Dutch, English, due to the adaptation to the language of the morphophonological structure of the Latin American Romance languages, is also noted. Finally, it is noted that Papiamentu is a creole language that varies morphologically according to the linguistic and cultural influences received by its speakers.

Toponimi Pedukuhan di Kelurahan Panggungharjo Bantul Yogyakarta dan Implikasinya dalam Konteks Budaya

This study examines the toponymy of hamlets in Panggungharjo village located in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. This study aims to understand the meaning, origin of the names of hamlets in Panggungharjo village, their morphological processes and their implications in the context of local culture. Using qualitative methods, this study collected data through interviews with community leaders and through existing literature reviews. This study also does not exclude information from the official village website. This study found that the naming of hamlets in Panggungharjo village showed the influence of reflection of the manifestation aspect found in five hamlets and the societal aspect found in nine hamlets. This study also found morphological processes that occurred in the toponymy of hamlets in Panggungharjo village, namely affixation, repetition (reduplication), compounding, abbreviation (acronym), and changes in sounds, both vowels and consonants. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between culture and naming, namely culture is one of the factors influencing the naming of hamlets in Panggungaharjo sub-district.

A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Mechanism Underlying the Effect of Maternal Plant Age on Adventitious Rooting of Euryodendron excelsum Cuttings

Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang, a monotypic plant endemic to China, exhibits significant variations in adventitious root formation in cuttings across different age groups through unclear molecular mechanisms. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and data analysis at three stages—initial excision (S0), root primordia (S1), and emergence of adventitious roots (S2)—for lateral buds from transplanted triennial tissue culture seedlings and decennial E. excelsum plants. We identified 13,424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different rooting stages and age groups, including 8216 upregulated and 5208 downregulated genes. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the S1 and S2 DEGs identified were mainly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interactions, biosynthesizing various secondary plant metabolites, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Key auxin-pathway genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in culture seedlings than in adult plants, as were WUSCHEL-related homeobox and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN genes (related to adventitial root growth and development), which together promote the formation, growth, and development of adventitial root primordia. The dysregulated expression of 15 DEGs identified by RNA-seq were verified via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study investigates the morphological processes of adventitious root formation in cuttings of E. excelsum of different ages, and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Our finding provides a basis for research on cutting propagation, conservation applications, and optimization of tissue culture for E. excelsum, and may help improve the rooting rate of E. excelsum cuttings.

Adnominal Modification: The View from Amis (Formosan)

Abstract: In Amis, adnominal modifying constructions share a common structural pattern involving, in particular, two suffixes, -ay and -an. Relative clauses are morphologically more complex; they abide by the subject-only rule, which triggers voice alternations to match the semantic role of the nominative pivot. Relative clauses have the same alignments as independent clauses but contain deranked verb forms. To some limited extent, some of these deranked modifying verb forms may be lexicalized as nouns; this evolution is argued to occur via headless relative clauses, resulting in stand-alone modifiers that may become entrenched as referring nouns. However, this process is distinct from productively derived lexical nouns that make use of distinct morphological processes.

Changing sea level, changing shorelines: integration of remote-sensing observations at the Terschelling barrier island

Abstract. Sea level rise is associated with increased coastal erosion and inundation. However, the effects of sea level change on the shoreline can be enhanced or counteracted by vertical land motion and morphological processes. Therefore, knowledge about the individual contributions of sea level change, vertical land motion and morphodynamics on shoreline changes is necessary to make informed choices for climate change adaptation, such as applying coastal defence measures. Here, we assess the potential of remote-sensing techniques to detect a geometrical relationship between sea level rise and shoreline retreat for a case study at the Terschelling barrier island at the northern Dutch coast. First, we find that sea level observations from satellite radar altimetry retracked with ALES can represent sea level variations between 2002 and 2022 at the shoreline when the region to extract altimetry time series is chosen carefully. Second, results for cross-shore time series of satellite-derived shorelines extracted from optical remote-sensing images can change considerably, depending on choices made for tidal correction and parameter settings during the computation of time series. While absolute shoreline positions can differ on average by more than 200 m, the average trend differences are below 1 m yr−1. Third, by intersecting the 1992 land elevation with time-variable sea level, we find that inundation through sea level rise caused on average −0.3 m yr−1 of shoreline retreat between 1992 and 2022. The actual shoreline movement in this period was on average between −2.8 and −3.2 m yr−1, leading to the interpretation that the larger part of shoreline changes at Terschelling is driven by morphodynamics. We conclude that the combination of sea level from radar altimetry, satellite-derived shorelines and land elevation provides valuable information about the influence of sea level rise, vertical land motion and morphodynamics on shoreline movements.

Lamiaceae family-derived endophytic fungi: induced tolerance to drought stress in Thymus vulgaris plants

BackgroundThymus vulgaris is a valuable medicinal plant widely cultivated for its aromatic and medicinal properties. However, like many plants, T. vulgaris faces challenges such as drought stress, which significantly affects its growth, morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Understanding how endophytic fungi isolated from Lamiaceae family influence T. vulgaris under varying watering regimes can enhance its resilience against drought stress. This study aims to assess the impact of individual and co-inoculation of three native endophytic species, i.e., Fusarium sp. (F1), Cladosporium puyae (F2), and Curvularia australiensis (F3), on T. vulgaris growth parameters under different irrigation regimes in greenhouse conditions.ResultsIt has been discovered that using fungal endophytes as a biological tool can benefits T. vulgaris under drought stress. The results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of plants lacking endophytes. Combinatory applications with fungal endophytes significantly improved the above-mentioned parameters under drought stress. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly reduced in plants inoculated with bacterial endophytes. Drought stress significantly increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in drought conditions.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that the addition of fungal endophytes to the inoculum enhances drought tolerance in T. vulgaris by mitigating the harmful impact of drought stress on plant growth and physiological functions. The higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and improved redox state of glutathione are responsible for plants’ greater resistance to drought.