Cu loaded on different morphologies of CeO2 were synthesized and tested by SEM and CO catalytic oxidation experiment, the results indicated that with the same Cu load, nanorod-like Cu/CeO2 performed the best catalytic activity than 3D flower-like Cu/CeO2 and gear-like Cu/CeO2. Then nanorod-like Cu/CeO2 were chose to explore the best Cu load on CeO2 nanorods for CO oxidation. Cu/CeO2 nanorods were characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS as well as physical and chemical adsorption. The results indicate that 0.15Cu/CeO2 nanorods have the best catalytic activity because of more reducing copper species (Cu+), adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and Ce3+ species on the catalysts surface, which can achieve 99% CO conversion at 100 °C. The effect of CO2 and water vapor on catalytic activity was also examined.