Morphological Characterization Research Articles

Morphological characterization and molecular marker-assisted selection for resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in S2 population of capia pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Morphological characterization and molecular marker-assisted selection for resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in S2 population of capia pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Effect of corrosion pit on fatigue damage and failure in powder bed fusion AlSi10Mg

AbstractThis paper is concerned with environmental corrosion during service of load‐bearing aluminum alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) with a focus on damage evolution characterization and identification of dominated failure mechanisms of pre‐corroded selective laser melted aluminum alloy. An experimental strategy for analysis of the damage and failure process is presented, combining 3D surface measurement, 3D digital image correlation, and scanning electron microscopy, to provide a multi‐source experimental characterization of corrosion morphology, strain field evolution, and fracture morphology. Statistics and machine learning methods were employed to process the measured multi‐source experimental data, showing that local average roughness has a strong influence on macro‐crack initiation position. The analysis focuses on four primary types of fatigue micro‐crack initiation, namely, internal defect, diffuse corrosion, corrosion micro‐pit, and corrosion jut; internal defect and diffuse corrosion are unique features for powder bed fusion (PBF) AlSi10Mg. The micro‐crack initiation mechanisms for all four types are (i) local stress concentrations due to adjacent material micro‐structural defects, (ii) interaction of underlying alloy microstructure and corrosion‐induced stress/strain, and (iii) local stress/strain concentration at corrosion micro‐pit and jut, respectively.

Genetic diversity and stability analysis of the improved cultivars of guava and their related species

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop in the tropical and sub-tropical world. The morphological, biochemical, and molecular (using 56 microsatellite markers) characterization was carried out on 18 guava genotypes and related species (P. guineense) during 2018–2022. The present study exhibited a wider range of variability: fruit weight (61.5–68.4 g); fruit diameter (4.20–7.91 cm); total soluble solids (8.50–13.40 °Brix); titrable acidity (0.20–0.64%); reducing sugar (2.55–7.00 mg glucose /g); ascorbic acid (76.4–196.3 mg/100 g); total phenol (125.9–305.4 mg GAE/100 g pulp); and total flavonoid content (172.30–948.5 mg QE/100 g pulp). The antioxidant activities (FRAP and DPPH) showed a favorable relationship with ascorbic acid, total phenol, total flavonoid, and total flavonol content. Red-fleshed genotypes were found superior for all the quality parameters over white-fleshed genotypes. The molecular analysis generated 213 alleles from 56 markers, with 2–9 alleles per locus (mean = 3.80). Apart from the genetic diversity, the improved cultivars were also distinguished by a set of markers: RCGH-4 (mPGCIR-184 and mPGCIR-194); RCGH-1 (mPGCIR-108 and mPGCIR-243); RCG-11 (mPGCIR-206 and mPGCIR-325); and RCGH-7 (mPGCIR-16 and mPGCIR-19). The cluster analysis indicated that P. guineense was the most diverse of the cultivated species, and all the red flesh genotypes were close to each other. Furthermore, RCG-11 had a lower seed content (58.89 per 100 g pulp), while RCGH-1 and RCGH-4 were stable for fruit weight and seed number, which can be promoted for commercial production and future crop improvement programs.

Disease prevalence, incidence, morphological and molecular characterisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae causing collar rot disease on peanut plants in Turkey

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) holds significant commercial and dietary importance as a major source of edible oil and protein in Turkey. Stem, collar or root rot, caused by several fungal disease agent, are serious soil-borne diseases of peanut. Accurate and precise identification of the disease agent provides fundamental and precise information for integrated plant management. During the period from June to September 2021, symptoms consistent with collar rot disease, including dark-brown stem rot, chlorotic leaves, wilting, and eventual whole plant death, were observed on peanut plants cultivated in the different districts of Osmaniye Province of Turkey. The disease incidence ranged from 8.0 to 45.0% in the inspected fields with an average of 3.4% overall. Twenty-four single-spore representative isolates were obtained from surface-disinfected symptomatic tissues. Morphological characteristics of fungal mycelium, conidial and pycnidial structures on potato sucrose agar (PSA) and water agar (WA) closely resembled those described for Lasiodiplodia spp. All isolates caused typical collar rot symptoms upon artificial inoculation of peanut seedlings. Morphological identification of Lasiodiplodia spp. isolates was corroborated by MALDI-TOF and molecular analyses utilizing sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin 2 (tub2) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1-α) loci. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the representative fungal isolates (MKUBK-B1 and MKUBK-K22) belong to Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae infecting peanut plants in Turkey. This work is expected to contribute to previously limited knowledge regarding the host range, incidence and prevalence of L. pseudotheobromae as a soilborne pathogen of peanuts. Due to the potential destructiveness and broad host range of this pathogen, it is essential to develop new strategies to establish more reliable, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective management approaches for this disease.

Morphology characterization of unsaturated soils under drying-wetting cycles: crack opening and closure

AbstractThe volumetric and hydrological responses of clayey soils subjected to drying-wetting (D-W) cycles are of paramount importance for the integrity of geoenvironmental infrastructures. The study aimed to investigate the cracking behavior of clayey soils under D-W cycles by using advanced 2D imaging and 3D scanning techniques to capture the initiation and propagation of desiccation cracks within a soil specimen. The temporal variation in the soil water content and the corresponding 2D digital photography and 3D morphology of cracks were simultaneously monitored, and the cracking characteristics were interpreted. It was found that the time-dependent evaporation process was independent of the D-W cycles. Both 2D and 3D characterization showed the cracking hysteresis phenomenon in the unsaturated soil, which indicates the dependency of the crack opening and closure on the degree of saturation. D-W cycles led to the formation of subcracks and the increase in the total crack length, reflecting the soil degradation. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the 3D characterization exhibited the advantage of capturing the volumetric change and the subtle change in the macroporosity of the cracked soil over the 2D visualization. The current study provides a perspective of combining 2D and 3D characterization for interpreting the volumetric change of cracked soils and enhancing the understanding of the hydromechanical responses and the soil-atmosphere interactions.

Morphological characterisation of ethnomedicinally important Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae) and its present distribution status in Manipur, North-East India

Kaempferia L., a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is one of the most potent medicinal plants in India and requires proper attention. Our efforts to collect various species of Kaempferia in their natural habitat led to the collection of 30 accessions, including K. galanga, K. marginata, K. parviflora, K. rotunda, and five other unidentified Kaempferia species that are likely natural hybrids with no distinguishing features. It has been found that rhizomes are the most usable portion of the plant, and people in this region use them the most for medical purposes. The present study aimed to describe and evaluate the morphological structures of the plant, incorporating 52 phenotypic descriptors. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were employed to explore diversity. The majority of the traits tested were highly variable. The elevation range (28704.02%) and plant height (at 648.03 %) had the largest coefficients of variation (CV %), whereas anther length (0.06 %) and corolla shape (0.19 %) had the lowest. Rhizome size has a high positive correlation with the odour of the aerial plant parts, growing, dormant, new shoots sprouting, and flowering seasons. However, it shows negative correlations with elevation, lifespan of the flower, and number of leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA), revealed that the first five components accounted for 89.90 % of the variability, and hierarchical grouping based on accession dissimilarity revealed two significant groupings. It was found that wild K. species populations were genetically diverse, suggesting that this diversity can be used for agronomic and horticultural purposes to isolate and characterise numerous important, well-adapted genotypes with the potential to significantly increase yields. Therefore, it is crucial to conserve the genetic material that is currently available.

Morphological and Structural Characterization of (Pt, Au, and Ag) Nanoparticle/Zn-MOF-74 Composites

Morphological and Structural Characterization of (Pt, Au, and Ag) Nanoparticle/Zn-MOF-74 Composites

Molecular identification and characterizations of rhizobacterial isolates collected from lentil rhizosphere of Indo-gangetic plains.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are also known to colonize in the soil rhizosphere and prevent the development of other soil borne pathogens residing in the root surface. These microorganisms play a vital role in growth and development of the plant and also enhances the soil fertility by enriching the soil with different beneficial nutrients. This study was aimed at isolation of different rhizobacteria and their molecular characterization in search of efficient bacterial strains with multiple growth regulating activities. A total 36 bacteria were isolated from lentil root nodule as well as soil from different lentil growing fields with a view to screen/evaluate their plant growth promoting potential. Morphological characterization of isolated rhizobacterial candidates were done by observing the colonies on YEMA and nutrient agar media. Determination of CFU, Congo red test and gram staining tests were done to further screen them according to their morphology. All the isolates were then undergone molecular phylogenetic analysis using the partial sequences of the 16S rDNA. Based upon the Gram staining test, all the isolates were negative in gram reaction except six Bacillus isolates, PSB2 and AB3. Results of Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotide Sequences (BLASTn) from 16S rDNA gene sequences showed that these isolates are genetically diverse. A total of 15 isolates of Rhizobium, 6 isolates of Bacillus, 3 isolates of Pseudomonas, 2 isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, 4 isolates of actinomycetes were identified by molecular sequencing of their 16S rDNA region and comparing them with the other isolates enlisted in the database of NCBI for the similarity percentage, query coverage. The purpose of the present study was to select native rhizosphere bacteria from the lentil nodule and soil of Lentil field and to evaluate their plant growth promoting potential as an alternative of chemical fertilizer for sustainable, environment friendly agriculture and assessment of their phylogenetic characterization.

Porous Morphology of High Grafting Density Mixed Polyelectrolyte Brushes Grown from a Y-Inimer Coating.

Mixed A/B polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes of opposite charges are grown from a Y-shaped initiator-bearing coating to facilitate intimate mixing of the A and B polyelectrolytes in a 1:1 grafting ratio. The design of the Y-shaped inimer includes both ATRP and NMP initiators attached to a common Y-junction. A copolymer of a Y-shaped inimer with glycidyl methacrylate is cross-linked to the substrate resulting in a stable ultrathin coating decorated with Y-shaped initiators. Weak PE A/B mixed brushes based on poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PMAA/P2VP) with a high grafting density of ∼1 chain/nm2 are grown by surface-initiated ATRP and NMP, respectively. Detailed morphological characterization of the PMAA/P2VP brushes in response to pH changes reveals a nanoporous morphology under conditions that maximize complex coacervate formation between oppositely charged brushes. The charge ratio between the A and B brushes is varied via the composition of the brushes to further study the morphology evolution. The effect of intimate contact between the A and B brushes on the morphology is probed by comparing with a mixed A/B PE system with random fluctuations in grafting composition. A quantitative and qualitative study of the pore evolution with pH as well as charge composition is presented using a combination of atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurement, and image analysis using Gwyddion software. These studies demonstrate that the porous morphology is enhanced and most uniform when the brushes are grown from the Y-inimer, indicating that a 1:1 grafting ratio and intimate contact between A and B brushes are essential.

Characterization of Bauhinia Variegata natural fiber treated with bleaching, benzoylation, and alkalization

This study describes the physical, chemical, mechanical as well as morphological characterization of surface modified novel Bauhinia Variegata (BVR) stem fibers. Surface modifications for the fiber are accomplished with bleaching, benzoylation, and alkalization treatments. Using standard test methods, the chemical constituents of BVR fiber are evaluated like α- cellulose 62.5%, hemicellulose 10.8%, lignin18.2% and wax 0.8%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to see how different the chemical reactions affect the fiber and SEM images confirmed the enhanced rough surface and existence of voids, along with the subtraction of unusual substances from the fiber surface. In both treated as well as untreated BVR, a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis established the presence of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin components. X-ray diffraction test evaluated the crystalline index for treated and raw fiber. The thermogravimetric test provides proof of enhanced thermal sustainability in the BVR upon treating chemically. The increased tensile strength and Young’s modulus upon chemical treatment confirm the improvement in the mechanical properties of the BVR fiber. The moisture absorption test revealed that the hydrophilic nature of BVR was reduced after the chemical treatment, promoting greater fiber-matrix adhesion. Presently studied BVR fiber seems to be a good substitute to the harmful man-made fibers for making of bio composites.

Chitosan-coated liposome with lysozyme-responsive properties for on-demand release of levofloxacin

As an anti-infection antibiotic delivery route, a drug-controlled release system based on a specific condition stimulus response can enhance drug stability and bioavailability, reduce antibiotic resistance, achieve on-demand release and improve targeting and utilization efficiency. In this study, chitosan-coated liposomes containing levofloxacin (Lef@Lip@CS) were prepared with lysozyme in body fluids serving as an intelligent “switch” to enable accurate delivery of antibiotics through the catalytic degradation ability of chitosan. Good liposome encapsulation efficacy (64.89 ± 1.86 %) and loading capacity (5.28 ± 0.18 %) were achieved. The controlled-release behavior and morphological characterization before and after enzymatic hydrolysis confirmed that the levofloxacin release rate depended on the lysozyme concentration and the degrees of deacetylation of chitosan. In vitro bacteriostatic experiments showed significant differences in the effects of Lef@Lip@CS before and after enzyme addition, with 6-h inhibition rate of 72.46 % and 100 %, and biofilm removal rates of 51 % and 71 %, respectively. These findings show that chitosan-coated liposomes are a feasible drug delivery system responsive to lysozyme stimulation.

Controllable defects in monolayer graphene induced by hydrogen and argon plasma

Abstract Graphene has attracted wide attentions since its successfully exfoliation. Honeycomb sp2 carbon lattice and Dirac semi-metal band structure make graphene a promising material with excellent mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and carrier mobility. However, the absence of intrinsic bandgap limits its application in semiconductor. Defects in graphene is supposed to modify its band structure and lead to an opened bandgap. Many methods have been demonstrated to introduce defects into graphene, such as chemical reaction, plasma, electron beam, and laser. However, the species of defects are mostly uncontrollable in most treatment processes. In this study, we report three kinds of defects can be controllably induced in graphene via hydrogen (H2) and argon (Ar) plasma. With different parameter and feeding gas, hydrogenated graphene, graphene nanomesh and graphene with vacancies can be well obtained. The defect density can be precisely controlled by tuning plasma power and irradiation time. Morphological, spectroscopic, and electrical characterizations are performed to systematically investigate the defect evolution. Graphene nanomesh and graphene with vacancies show obvious difference for roughness and coverage, whereas the morphology of hydrogenated graphene remains similar with that of as-prepared graphene. For hydrogenated graphene, an opened bandgap of ~20 meV is detected. For graphene nanomesh and graphene with vacancies, the semiconductive on/off behaviors are observed. We believe this work can provide more details of plasma-induced defects and assist the application of graphene in semiconductor industry.

Morphological and genetic characterization of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in the Kayunga and Luwero districts of Uganda

BackgroundJackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an economically valuable fruit tree in Uganda. However, the production of jackfruit in Uganda is low. Additionally, because of deforestation, genetic erosion of the resource is predicted before its exploitation for crop improvement and conservation. As a prerequisite for crop improvement and conservation, 100 A. heterophyllus tree isolates from the Kayunga and Luwero districts in Uganda were characterized using 16 morphological and 10 microsatellite markers.ResultsThe results from the morphological analysis revealed variations in tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown diameter, with coefficient of variation (CV) values of 20%, 41%, and 33%, respectively. Apart from the pulp taste, variation was also observed in qualitative traits, including tree vigor, trunk surface, branching density, tree growth habit, crown shape, leaf blade shape, fruit shape, fruit surface, flake shape, flake color, flake flavor and pulp consistency/texture. Genotyping revealed that the number of alleles amplified per microsatellite locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 2.90 and a total of 29. The mean observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity were 0.71 and 0.57, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 81% of the variation occurred within individual trees, 19% among trees within populations and 0% between the two populations. The gene flow (Nm) in the two populations was 88.72. The results from the ‘partitioning around medoids’ (PAM), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and genetic cluster analysis further revealed no differentiation of the jackfruit populations. The Mantel test revealed a negligible correlation between the morphological and genetic distances.ConclusionsBoth morphological and genetic analyses revealed variation in jackfruit within a single interbreeding population. This diversity can be exploited to establish breeding and conservation strategies to increase the production of jackfruit and hence boost farmers’ incomes. However, selecting germplasm based on morphology alone may be misleading.

Changes in the state of matter of KCIO4 to improve thermal and combustion properties of Al/MoO3 nanothermite

To improve the thermal and combustion properties of nanothermites, a design theory of changing the state of matter and structural state of the reactants during reaction was proposed. The Al/MoO3/KClO4 (Kp) nanothermite was prepared and the Al/MoO3 nanothermite was used as a control. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the nanothermites; DSC was used to test thermal properties; and constant volume and open combustion tests were performed to examine their combustion performance. Phase and morphology characterization of the combustion products were performed to reveal the mechanism of the aluminothermic reaction. The results show that the Al/MoO3/Kp nanothermite exhibited excellent thermal properties, with a total heat release of 1976 J·g− 1, increasing by approximately 33% of 1486 J·g− 1 of the Al/MoO3 nanothermite, and activation energy of 269.66 kJ·mol− 1, which demonstrated higher stability than the Al/MoO3 nanothermite (205.64 kJ·mol− 1). During the combustion test, the peak pressure of the Al/MoO3/Kp nanothermite was 0.751 MPa, and the average pressure rise rate was 25.03 MPa·s− 1, much higher than 0.188 MPa and 6.27 MPa·s− 1 of the Al/MoO3 nanothermite. The combustion products of Al/MoO3 nanothermite were Al2O3, MoO, and Mo, indicating insufficient combustion and incomplete reaction, whereas, the combustion products of Al/MoO3/Kp nanothermite were Al2O3, MoO, and KCl, indicating complete reaction. Their “coral-like” morphology was the effect of reactants solidifying after melting during the combustion process. The characterization of reactants and pressure test during combustion reveals the three stages of aluminothermic reaction in thermites. The excellent thermal and combustion performance of Al/MoO3/Kp nanothermite is attributed to the melt and decomposition of Kp into O2 in the third stage. This study provides new ideas and guidance for the design of high-performance nanothermites.

Luminescence properties of SrB6O10:Ce,Gd phosphor for applications in OSL dosimetry and lighting

Strontium hexaborate (SrB6O10) doped with different metals and/or lanthanides has been studied widely as the thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeter. However, there is almost no dosimetry study concerning the utility of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) on SrB6O10. This preliminary study aims to examine the luminescence properties of SrB6O10 phosphor for their application in the areas of dosimetry and lighting technologies. Undoped and doped material to get an OSL dosimeter were synthesized by incorporating the dopants Ce3+, in the range of 0.1–0.7 % wt, and Gd3+, in the range of 0.1–1 % wt into the SrB6O10 structure using the solution combustion (SCS) method. The structural and morphological characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) methods, respectively. Two TL peaks of SrB6O10:Ce0.1%,Gd0.5% occurred at 70 °C and 182 °C after 1 Gy exposure to beta rays with a heating rate of 2 °C/s. The step annealing measurements were carried out to determine the traps responsible for the OSL signal. Various properties of the luminophore including dose-response and reusability were investigated using blue light stimulation. The phosphor showed a little variation of response up to 20 cycles within 2 % deviation (STD) from the first OSL readout. The OSL output within the range of 2–20 Gy was determined as linear. Radioluminescence (RL) measurement was investigated by emission in the range λem = 200–1000 nm. The parent compound displayed UV emission subdivided into UVA (315–400 nm), and UVB (280–315 nm) emissions at room temperature. The Chromaticity Coordinates (CIE) of SrB6O10:Ce0.1%,Gd0.5% were calculated as x = 0.2165, y = 0.1767. These remarkable characteristics show that, if developed, SrB6O10 could be used as an OSL dosimeter.

Limited miscibility in hydrated DPPC – Lyso-PPC systems

Hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and lyso-palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PPC, abbreviated as LPC) mixtures form vesicles composed from periodically or randomly arranged layers and micelle-like nanoparticles, as revealed by a wide range of thermodynamical, structural, and morphological characterization methods. Based on five different experimental methods, we have reconstructed the phase diagram of the system. The micelle-like objects are strongly anisotropic and are identified as bicelles. Even a small amount of LPC induces drastic changes in the thermotropic phase behaviour of DPPC. Here, an interdigitated gel (LβI) structure, coexisting with the other gel phases, forms at moderate LPC concentration. Bicelles and LβI structured vesicles appear in the equimolar LPC ratio range (0.4 ≤ XLPC ≤ 0.6). Two complex phase transition regimes are detectable. Between 36–40 °C, bicelles are pre-melted while domains of LβI structure are “crystallized” through local endothermic and exothermic transitions, respectively. Then, around 42 °C the chains of both the LβI and bicelles melt completely. Above the equimolar LPC ratio range (XLPC > 0.6) the chain melting in the LβI structure vanishes, while this transition still exists in the chain region of bicelles. This wealth of structural forms, due to the weak first order transition characteristics, is highly sensitive for perturbations and interactions induced by e.g. the presence of membrane proteins.

Optical, Structural, and Morphological Characterization of Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles from Laser Ablation in Deionized Water

In this research, we focus on the synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using the Nd:Utilization of YAG laser pulse ablation technique in liquid environments, with pulse energies from 100 to 500 millijoules. The process employs a Nd:YAG laser operating at a frequency of 6 Hz and a wavelength of 1064 nm. (The TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized in this study could be used in different high-temperature environments, as they are characterized by favorable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties). The synthesized product was further treated by calcination for four hours at temperatures higher than 600°C which promoted crystalline structure in the lattice. Comprehensive analyses were carried out to determine the nanoparticles' features. Optical features were studied through UV-visible spectroscopy to examine the absorption spectrum and band gap. The detailed examination of the crystal and surface structures was done using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), in order to obtain insight into the structural integrity and the morphology of the titanium oxide nanoparticles. The study provides a deeper insight into TiO2 nano particle production and their characteristics, thereby emphasizing their suitability for advanced material applications.

Morphological characterization and molecular diversity assessment of rust resistant genetic stocks of wheat

Morphological characterization and molecular diversity assessment of rust resistant genetic stocks of wheat

Osteosarcoma-Induced Pain Is Mediated by Glial Cell Activation in the Spinal Dorsal Horn, but Not Capsaicin-Sensitive Nociceptive Neurons: A Complex Functional and Morphological Characterization in Mice

Bone cancer and its related chronic pain are huge clinical problems since the available drugs are often ineffective or cannot be used long term due to a broad range of side effects. The mechanisms, mediators and targets need to be identified to determine potential novel therapies. Here, we characterize a mouse bone cancer model induced by intratibial injection of K7M2 osteosarcoma cells using an integrative approach and investigate the role of capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves. The mechanical pain threshold was assessed by dynamic plantar aesthesiometry, limb loading by dynamic weight bearing, spontaneous pain-related behaviors via observation, knee diameter with a digital caliper, and structural changes by micro-CT and glia cell activation by immunohistochemistry in BALB/c mice of both sexes. Capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory neurons were defunctionalized by systemic pretreatment with a high dose of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX). During the 14- and 28-day experiments, weight bearing on the affected limb and the paw mechanonociceptive thresholds significantly decreased, demonstrating secondary mechanical hyperalgesia. Signs of spontaneous pain and osteoplastic bone remodeling were detected both in male and female mice without any sex differences. Microglia activation was shown by the increased ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunopositivity on day 14 and astrocyte activation by the enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cell density on day 28 in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. Interestingly, defunctionalization of the capsaicin-sensitive afferents representing approximately 2/3 of the nociceptive fibers did not alter any functional parameters. Here, we provide the first complex functional and morphological characterization of the K7M2 mouse osteosarcoma model. Bone-cancer-related chronic pain and hyperalgesia are likely to be mediated by central sensitization involving neuroinflammation via glial cell activation in the spinal dorsal horn, but not the capsaicin-sensitive sensory neuronal system.

Isolation, identification and characteristics of Bibersteinia trehalosi from goat

A conditionally pathogenic bacterium called Bibersteinia trehalosi inhabits the upper respiratory tract of ruminants and is becoming a significant cause of pneumonia, especially in goats. In this study, we identified a gram-negative bacteria strain isolated from dead goat's lungs, which was named M01. By integrating the outcomes of its morphological and biochemical characterization with the investigation of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as B. trehalosi. Based on antibiotic susceptibility tests, the isolate was shown to be resistant to β-lactams, tetracyclines, and amphenicols. Its genome was discovered to comprise 2115 encoded genes and a circular chromosome measuring 2,345,568 bp using whole genome sequencing. Annotation of the VFBD database revealed that isolate M01 had four virulence genes encoding three virulence factors. The CARD database revealed that its genome has two antibiotic-resistance genes. Based on pathogenicity testing, isolate M01 was highly pathogenic to mice, primarily causing pneumonia, with an LD50 of 1.31 × 107 CFU/ml. Moreover, histopathology showed loss of alveolar structure and infiltration of lung inflammatory cells. Hence, the current study could provide sufficient information for prevention and control strategies for future epidemics of B. trehalosi in goat species.