Morphological Characteristics Research Articles

Molecular and Morphological Characteristics of a Novel Cyst Nematode in the Rhizosphere of Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. in Gansu Province, Northwest China.

Cyst nematodes are obligate parasitic nematodes found in the fields of many cultivated crops. These nematodes, which have great economic importance, pose a threat to food security, though they are frequently ignored or misdiagnosed as pests because of covert parasitism. A cyst nematode population parasitizing on Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC., one of the traditional Chinese medicines was collected in Gansu Province. The species was diagnosed using integrative taxonomy and molecular approaches. The cyst population is spherical or lemon-shaped, light brown or dark brown in color, with a long neck and a protruding vulval cone. The stylet of the second-stage juvenile is strong, and the front end of the ball at the base of the stylet is concave; the median bulb and excretory pore are prominent; the tail is blunt and circular, and the transparent tail is usually shorter than the stylet. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S genes of ribosomal DNA, which further confirmed the presence of Cactodera chenopodiae. According to our literature review, this is the first report on C. chenopodiae in Compositae. By following this research, we can better understand the challenges posed by A. lavandulaefolia DC. and develop effective strategies for managing its spread and impacts. This will help to protect vulnerable ecosystems and ensure the sustainability of agricultural and forestry activities in affected areas.

Transcriptomic Communication between Nucleus and Mitochondria during the Browning Process of Lentinula edodes.

To explore the reason for cytoplasmic replacement's significant effect on browning, transcriptomic data of nuclear (N) and mitochondrial (M) mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in L808 and two cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) (L808-A2 and L808-B) of Lentinula edodes at three different culturing times (80, 100, and 120 days) were obtained. The results showed that the expression of N and M genes and lncRNAs changed with the culture time and cytoplasmic source. Cytoplasmic replacement significantly affected some M and N genes related to the internal mechanism and external morphological characteristics of L. edodes browning. The internal browning mechanism should be the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-mediated antioxidant machinery to protect mycelia against oxidative stress induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. External morphological characteristics were the changing features of brown films by melanin (an antioxidant) aggregation on the surface of the mycelia of the bag or log. Especially, some genes were related to the remodeling of the plasma membrane, extracellular enzymes of celluloses and hemicellulases, small molecules, and NADPH metabolic processes. Additionally, communication between the nucleus and mitochondria mediated by M-rps3 was reported for the first time, and it is mainly appreciated in M structural assembly, functional implementation, and cooperation with other organelles.

Microwave scattering properties of ice crystal particles during the melting process

Ice crystal particles play an important role in the study of cloud resolution, climate models, and radiative forcing. During the melting process, significant changes occur in the microphysical properties of ice crystal particles, such as the ice phase state, morphology, and mixing state. This process further affects the scattering and radiation characteristics properties of ice crystal particles. In this study, we constructed a non-spherical and inhomogeneous particle model based on the melting process of ice crystal particles. The scattering properties of melting ice crystal particles under four selected microwave frequency bands (92 GHz, 220 GHz, 280 GHz, and 340 GHz) are investigated by using discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. The influence of ice crystal content (ICC) and particle aspect ratio on the scattering properties of ice crystal particles under thin coating and medium coating conditions are emphasized. The results show that the melting process significantly affects the scattering properties of melting ice crystal particles in a frequency dependent manner. Additionally, even slight melting of ice crystal particles leads to drastic changes in their scattering properties. Furthermore, we found that the morphology of ice crystal nuclei has a significant impact on their scattering characteristics even at medium levels of melting degree. In summary, this study confirms that it is essential to consider morphology and inhomogeneous characteristics during the melting process for microwave detection of ice crystal particles. This research may have significant implications for studies related to detection and inversion techniques for ice crystal particles.

Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 and its allied genus Tanaotrichia Warren, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from the Western Himalaya

The genus Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 and its close ally Tanaotrichia Warren, 1893 (Geometridae: Sterrhinae) are reviewed from the North Western and Trans Himalayan regions of the Indian Himalaya along with some specimens from the Pakistan. In total, eight species were studied—seven Rhodostrophia spp. and one species of Tanaotrichia—with detailed morphological and genital characteristics. Rhodostrophia borealis stat. n. is raised from subspecies of R. cinerascens to species level after studying external morphology and distinct genitalia-based diagnostic features. However, this warrants further validation following the barcode sequencing of R. cinerascens. Illustrations of habitus, including type specimens, are provided along with images of genitalia and the sequence data of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI 5′ terminus) gene. A checklist of Indian Rhodostrophia and Tanaotrichia species is included with information on their documented distributional range.

Morphological and molecular identification of freshwater eutardigrade Dactylobiotus parthenogeneticus (Bertolani, 1982) in the Greater Zab River of Kurdistan Region - Iraq.

Dactylobiotus parthenogeneticus is one of the widespread species of tardigrade all over the world. Tardigrades of this species were collected from the Greater Zab River in Erbil City-Iraq by filtering water of the river through a plankton net with a mesh of 45 µm pore. The samples were mounted on a slide with a cover slip and examined under the microscope to determine morphological characteristics and measurements. Based on these characters the species identified to be D. parthenogeneticus. To support this diagnosis, DNA barcoding techniques were applied to do molecular analysis and sequencing on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The sequence was subjected to the GenBank database of NCBI and recorded with the accession number PP140905. The result of the sequencing and molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirmed to be the same species diagnosed by relying upon morphological characters. This study represents one of the pioneer researches and documents on tardigrades and found D. parthenogeneticus for the first time in the Greater Zab River in Kurdistan, North of Iraq. Tardigrades play a magnificent role in different trophic levels and can be utilized as an indicator of ecosystem health.

A Morphological Study of HLA-DR-Immunopositive Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions and Their Implications for Pathogenesis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by white matter demyelinating plaques, which can be classified as active, chronic active, or chronic inactive based on the extent of demyelination, cellularity, and inflammation. Microglia and macrophages play a central role in these processes. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of HLA-DR-immunopositive cells in these plaques to improve our understanding of the roles of these cells in MS plaques. Methods: This study is a retrospective post-mortem histopathological study. We analyzed 90 plaques from 6 MS cases. Of the plaques studied, 77 were grouped into three categories: 28 active, 34 chronic active, and 15 chronic inactive. Additionally, five vacuolated white matter lesions, two axonal degeneration lesions, and six lesions with mixed histological features were included. Six control cases were also examined to assess HLA-DR-immunopositive cell expression across various age groups. The cells were classified based on their morphology into two types: round cells without processes (macrophages) and cells with varying processes and shapes (ramified microglia). Results: Both macrophages and ramified microglia were present in all lesion types, with a focus on identifying the predominant cell type. Of the 28 active plaques, macrophages were the primary cell type in 25 plaques, while ramified microglia predominated in 3. In the center of 49 chronic plaques, scattered ramified microglia were observed in 46, with three plaques showing a predominance of macrophages. Among the 34 chronic active lesions, ramified microglia were the main cell type in the periphery of 32 plaques, with the remaining two predominantly exhibiting macrophages. Conclusions: The predominance of macrophages in active lesions and the presence of scattered ramified microglia in the center of chronic plaques are consistent with the phagocytic role of macrophages. Meanwhile, the prevalence of ramified microglia at the periphery of chronic active lesions suggests a potential protective function in maintaining lesion stability.

Human pancreatic islet-derived stromal cells reveal combined features of mesenchymal stromal cells and pancreatic stellate cells.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are recognized for their potential in regenerative medicine, attributed to their multipotent differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory properties. Despite this potential, the classification and detailed characterization of MSCs, especially those derived from specific tissues like the pancreas, remains challenging leading to a proliferation of terminology in the literature. This study aims to address these challenges by providing a thorough characterization of human pancreatic islets-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPD-MSCs). hPD-MSCs were isolated from donor islets using enzymatic digestion, immortalized through lentiviral transduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Cells were characterized by immunostaining, flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation potential into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Further a transcriptomic analysis was done to compare the gene expression profiles of hPD-MSCs with other mesenchymal cells. We show that hPD-MSCs express the classical MSC features, including morphological characteristics, surface markers expression (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD44, and CD106) and the ability to differentiate into both adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles, showing notable similarities between hPD-MSCs and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The study also identified specific genes that distinguish hPD-MSCs from MSCs of other origins, including genes associated with pancreatic function (e.g., ISL1) and neural development (e.g., NPTX1, ZNF804A). A novel gene with an unknown function (ENSG00000286190) was also discovered. This study enhances the understanding of hPD-MSCs, demonstrating their unique characteristics and potential applications in therapeutic strategies. The identification of specific gene expression profiles differentiates hPD-MSCs from other mesenchymal cells and opens new avenues for research into their role in pancreatic function and neural development.

Morphological Characteristics of Constrained Meandering Rivers in the Loess Plateau

In the Loess Plateau of China, loess is widely distributed and forms a unique geomorphic feature of the world. Meanwhile, the Yellow River water and sediment regulation system is under construction. Nonetheless, the morphological characteristics of constrained meandering rivers in the Loess Plateau are still unknown due to the difficulty of extracting the sediment-laden water body. An improved method is proposed based on Landsat 8 imagery, which automatically extracts the multi-band spectral relationship of high-sediment-concentration rivers in valleys. This study analyzes the morphological characteristics of constrained meandering rivers in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, including their sinuosity, periodicity, curvature, and skewness based on the deflection points bend segmentation and continuous wavelet transform methods. These characteristics are then compared with those of other constrained meandering rivers and alluvial meandering rivers. The results show that the sinuosity of the constrained river bends is generally low (with an average of 1.55) due to limitations imposed by the riverbanks, which prevent full development. The average dimensionless curvature radius of the constrained rivers is 18.72, lower than that of alluvial rivers. The skewing angle of the constrained river bends typically inclines upstream, with a proportion reaching 59.44%. In constrained river bends, as the sinuosity increases, the proportion of bends skewing upstream initially increases and then gradually decreases. This indicates that constrained river bends can develop similarly to alluvial bends at lower sinuosity but are limited by the mountains on both sides at medium sinuosity. The analysis of river characteristics in regions with different geological structures reveals the effect of geological structures on the formation of constrained rivers in the Loess Plateau. These findings can provide a reference for selecting reservoir dam sites and are important for the dredging engineering layout in the middle reaches of the Loess Plateau. They also offer quantitative explanations for the meandering characteristics of these rivers.

Updated Morphological and Immunohistochemical Profile of Neuroendocrine Tumors Developing in Ovarian Teratomas: A Large Series of a Rare and Heterogeneous Disease.

Ovarian neuroendocrine tumors are rare and often arise within mature teratoma of the ovary. No recent re-evaluation of the immunophenotype of these tumors with the new markers available in the field of neuroendocrine neoplasms has been performed. The objectives were to describe the morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising from ovarian teratomas, to correlate them with the type of teratomatous epithelial components present and to evaluate their proliferative activity using the WHO recommendations for gastroenteropancreatic NETs. This is a bi-centric retrospective study using a panel of markers (chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B, synaptophysin, CDX2, SATB2, TTF1, PAX8, islet-1, serotonin and calcitonin) and Ki-67 proliferation index. The 34 NETs studied were unilateral and presented when it's done four distinct immunophenotypic profiles: 8 NETs expressed serotonin and CDX2 (small intestinal profile), 12 SATB2 (colorectal profile), one TTF1 (thoracic profile) and 4 "null" tumors expressed none of the above markers. The Ki-67 index ranged from 0 to 19.82% (median: 1.51%). 28 tumors were grade 1 (85%), 5 tumors were grade 2 (15%). They were associated with squamous (n = 26), respiratory (n = 23), thyroid (n = 10) and gastrointestinal (n = 5) components. The main type of NET is intestinal phenotype, but rarely accompanied with digestive tissue. This suggests that the cell of origin may be a neuroendocrine precursor present in the teratoma, and confirms that primary NETs arising in ovarian teratomas should not be classified or named according to the type of the surrounding teratoma tissue.

A molecular approach to identify parrotfish (Sparisoma) species during early ontogeny.

Sparisoma species (parrotfish) comprise an important functional group contributing to coral-reef resilience. The morphological diagnostic characteristics for species identification are clearly described for adult forms but not for the early stages. Consequently, many taxonomical listings of Sparisoma larvae are restricted to the genus level. The aims of this study are to determine whether the morphological and molecular identification techniques are useful to assign the species taxonomic level to Sparisoma larvae occurring in the Gulf of Mexico and whether there is a set of diagnostic features that could be used to discriminate between species in larvae of different developmental stages. Morphological assignment of Sparisoma was performed based on morphological and meristic features for 30 larvae collected in the Gulf of Mexico from late August to mid-September 2015. To corroborate and complement the morphological assignments, molecular identification was carried out using DNA sequences from regions of two mitochondrial genes, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA COI) and mitochondrial 16S rRNA (mtDNA 16S rRNA). COI and 16S gene trees for Sparisoma and related fish taxa were constructed using sequences available in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) GenBank and BOLD (Barcode of Life Data) databases. Two morphotypes were identified based on morphology, but no diagnostic characteristics for species discrimination were found. Molecular identification, in contrast, successfully discriminated four early development stages of Sparisoma atomarium, three stages of Sparisoma radians, and two stages of Sparisoma chrysopterum and Sparisoma aurofrenatum, therefore demonstrating the successful and necessary application of molecular taxonomic approaches for species-level identifications of Sparisoma larvae.

Green synthesis of ZnO, Fe3O4, and TiO2 nanoparticles: exploring enhanced bacterial inhibition, catalysis, and photocatalysis for sustainable environmental applications

ABSTRACT This study investigates the physicochemical and biological properties of metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4) synthesised via the phytosynthesis method using an extract from Boerhaavia diffusa leaves (BDL). The proteins and phenols present in the BDL extract played essential roles in reducing and stabilising TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The study reveals size-dependent morphological, structural, and biological characteristics of the produced nanoparticles. FTIR spectra confirm the involvement of BDL extract in the synthesis process of TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles identified small, spherical particles (9 nm in diameter). BDL-derived TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4 demonstrated significant photocatalytic activity, achieving degradation rates of 98.96%, 96.26%, and 94.42%, respectively, in the decomposition of mono-azo dye after 40 minutes of UV irradiation. The reaction rates for BDL-derived TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4 were 0.367/min, 0.186/min, and 0.061/min, respectively, when catalysing the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-Aminophenol using NaBH4. BDL-derived TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial effectiveness, showing a 23.6 mm zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi. The BDL-derived TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.36 µg/mL, 90.21 µg/mL, and 94.61 µg/mL, respectively. This study reveals the potential of BDL-derived TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles for applications in antibacterial, anticancer, catalytic, and photocatalytic fields, contributing to sustainable development of multifunctional nanomaterials for various technical and environmental advancements.

Costume and Body Language of Ethnic Dance Drama under Semiotics: An Analytical Study

Dance drama is a dramatic form with dance as its main means of expression, which has been developed in China for less than a century. In recent years, the development of Chinese dance drama, especially ethnic dance drama, has shown an obvious upward trend. Several excellent dance drama works have appeared, forming some distinctive dance drama styles, among which The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, The Peacock, and The Railway to Tibet are quite representative. This study will investigate the above three dance dramas based on semiotics. An analysis of costume and body language is carried out in this study based on the semiotics, from the morphological characteristics of dance and costume. In addition, the author makes a comprehensive exploration of the integration of the external form, fabric, structure and pattern of costume and body language, tries to reveal the way of interaction between costume symbols and body symbols in dance drama, and summarises the artistic connotation of the integration of dance costumes and body language. Then, it provides ideas for the role creation and education of dance drama.

A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Study of Anamorphic Strains of Daldinia (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) in Southern China.

In an extensive fungal investigation conducted in southern China, a large number of fungal strains were isolated by collecting and treating diseased and decayed leaves. Using internal transcribed spacer regions (ITSs) sequence data for a BLAST search to screen for suspected strains of Daldinia, followed by phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer regions, partial sequences of the large subunit of the rDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and beta tubulin (tub2) sequence data, combined with morphological characteristics of anamorphic species, ninety-four strains of Daldinia were identified. Furthermore, their geographical distribution and host specificity of the genus were thoroughly analyzed and summarized. Additionally, seven new anamorphic species of the genus Daldinia were also detected, Daldinia ehretiae sp. nov., D. jianfengensis sp. nov., D. ledongensis sp. nov., D. menghaiensis sp. nov., D. rhododendri sp. nov., D. spatholobi sp. nov., and D. thunbergiae sp. nov.

Typochemistry and possible sources of ferrosaponite with Ce–Cu–Ni from the metabasalts of the Northern Ural

We studied metabasites from metamorphic complexes located in the northern part of the Lyapin anticlinorium of the Subpolar Urals and the Kharbey anticlinorium in the Polar Urals of the Central Ural Uplift, which are part of the Arctic zone. For the first time, ferrosaponite containing copper, nickel, and rare earth metals has been identified in these metabasites. The morphological and typochemical characteristics of ferrosaponite were examined using electron microscopy. In the Polar Urals, ferrosaponite is found in the almandine eclogite of the Marunkeu eclogite-amphibolite gneiss. The mineral is associated with garnet, quartz, pyroxene, muscovite, amphibole, and sulfides. The general formula for the mineral from almandine eclogite: (Ca0,06–0,27K0,01–0,06Се0,01)∑0,13–0,31(Fe2+ 1,67–2,21Mg0,51–0,84 Cu0,01–0,09Ni0,03–0,11)∑2,25–3,08[(Si2,84–3,08Al0,92–1,16)∑4,00O10](OH)2 ×3,55–3,83H2O. In the Subpolar Urals, this mineral was examined in a sample of garnet-amphibole-biotite-plagioclase-quartz shale, where it occurs in association with other minerals: amphibole, plagioclase, quartz, epidote, biotite, zircon, albite, titanite, apatite, and sulfides. The general formula of the mineral: (Ca0,14–0,22K0,01–0,02Се0,01)∑0,15–0,23(Fe2+ 1,24–2,22Mg0,76–0,97)∑2,17–3,15 [(Si2,86–2,96Al1,04–1,14)∑4,00O10](OH)2 ×3,41–4,47H2O. It is assumed that ferrosaponite forms through a hydrothermal-metamorphic process during the late fluid stage of rock transformation. Feldspars and biotite serve as sources of potassium and aluminum, while hornblende, pyroxenes, and epidote are the primary suppliers of magnesium and iron. In the chemical composition, alongside the main components of the mineral—potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, and iron—copper, nickel, and rare earth metals were also detected. Under the influence of fluids, copper and nickel may have been derived from replaced sulfides, while cerium could have been introduced from allanite, apatite, and other minerals containing rare earth elements. Continued study of the mineragenic features of metamorphic rocks in the Arctic regions of the Urals is essential for a comprehensive assessment of their resource potential, as well as promising sources and concentrators of rare metals.

Hydrothermally synthesized binder-less ZnS/CdS on nickel foam as promising hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials

A binary composite of metal sulfides (MS) is directly synthesized on nickel foam through hydrothermal process, resulting in snow like nanosphere suitable for hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Herein, a ZnS/CdS binary composite has been grown directly on nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal method. The structural features, morphological characteristics and electrochemical performance of the composite are systematically investigated. Especially, the highest capacitance of 739–325 F/g at 1–10 A/g was attained with good rate performance. Moreover, a binder-less ZnS/CdS/NF composite achieved a high power of 5030 W/kg at 42 Wh/kg energy density by realizing an expanded voltage to 1.8 V with decent durability. Interestingly, a 92.84 % retention was noticed after 6500 cycles, which indicates high performance stability of the ZnS/CdS/NF||AC HSC. These outcomes reveal the promising prospect of all-metal sulfide utilization for next-generation energy storage devices.

The Effects of the Incorporation of Luminescent Vanadate Nanoparticles in Lithium Borate Glass Matrices by Various Methods

The glass-ceramic materials studied in this work are designed using combinations of lithium vanadate borate glass matrices and lanthanum/rare earth (RE) vanadate nanoparticles. Three different techniques of sintering of the glass matrix and vanadate nanoparticles are investigated. The morphological characteristics and spectral properties of the glass-ceramic samples obtained by different techniques are investigated and analyzed in comparison with the properties of the original glass matrices and nanoparticles. The luminescence spectra of all glass-ceramic samples consist of a wideband glass matrix emission and the characteristic line emission of the RE ions that are incorporated into the glass matrices as nanoparticles. The RE luminescence of these glass-ceramics is promising for various optoelectronic applications.

Psychopathological aspects of transsexualism

We call transsexuals those individuals who - despite possessing genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics that are male, if they are a man, or female, if they are a woman - experience themselves as belonging to the opposite sex and desire the anatomical transformation of their bodies.

Clinicopathological and molecular genetic insights into EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma (EBV + IFDCS) is a rare entity, and its histopathological characteristics have not been fully described. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, pathological features, and molecular genetic profiles of EBV + IFDCS to improve our understanding of these lesions. A total of 12 EBV + IFDCS specimens were obtained from patients in our pathology diagnostic center. The clinical data, morphology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and high-throughput DNA-targeted sequencing data were collected, and follow-up data were analyzed. These data were compared with those of 6 patients with traditional FDCS. The patients with EBV + IFDCS ranged from 21 to 84 years old, with a mean age of 52.3 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:5. At the last follow-up, all patients were alive, with 2 experiencing recurrence and metastasis. In these cases, four were classified as the classical subtype, four as the angiomatoid/sclerosing subtype, and four as the lymphoma-like subtype, with two cases also exhibiting epithelioid granulomas. All patients exhibited heterogeneous expression of follicular dendritic cell markers (CD21, CD23, CD35, and CXCL13) alongside the fibroblast marker SMA, with significantly higher expressions of IgG4, EBER, and SMA in EBV + IFDCS patients compared to FDCS patients (P < 0.05). Conversely, SSTR2, EGFR, and STAT3 expression were significantly lower in the EBV + IFDCS group (P < 0.05). The average value of EBER was significantly higher in the classical subtype group (P = 0.022). Among the four cases of EBV + IFDCS analyzed for molecular genetic features, one patient exhibited germline mutations in the CDKN1C, PDGFRA, MSH2, FANCG, MLH1, ALK, and RUNX1 genes; three exhibited simultaneous SNP variations in the MTHFR gene; and two exhibited simultaneous SNP variations in the NQO1 gene. We conducted KEGG pathway analysis on the mutant genes, revealing significant enrichment in the cAMP signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in tumor development. Survival analysis demonstrated that the median PFS rates were not reached (NR) for EBV + IFDCS patients, compared to 5 months (HR = 7.76) for FDCS patients. The 3-year PFS rates were 66.67% and 16.67%, respectively. Compared with the FDCS group, EBV + IFDCS patients had a significantly longer median PFS time (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EBV + IFDCS represents a group of tumors with unique clinical, morphological, immunological, prognostic, and molecular cytogenetic characteristics.

Analyzing the combustion characteristics of Thar coal block XI: A comprehensive study

Coal is a key energy resource in the world that is available at low cost and the high energy content in coal makes it a fuel of choice in many developed and developing countries. Regardless of massive reserves, Thar coal of Pakistan is low-rank lignite coal with high moisture contents and has very limited use. The proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and X-ray diffractometry analysis were performed to investigate the combustion characteristics, morphological and mineral characteristics of Thar coal block XI. Thar coal samples in this study are characterized as low-rank lignite coal. The proximate analysis showed a significant difference in moisture content, volatile content, fixed carbon content and ash residue. The ultimate analysis provided the details of elemental contents (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfer) in coal. The combustion characteristics such as combustion performance of lignite at high temperatures (950 °C) was investigated in thermogravimeter and the results showed the variations in the ignition temperature, burnout tempearature, combustion index and burnout index. The marphological characteristic were determined by X-ray diffraction. The mineral congregations, ash yields, major and minor elements (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO,MgO, Fe2O3) varied significantly in the coal. These analyses integrate various results for assessing major monitoring parameters of coal reactivity, its temperature ranges and combustion products.

Comparative Study on Vascular Bundle Morphological Characteristics of Parts of Branches, Culms, and Rhizomes of Oligostachyum sulcatum

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the vascular bundle morphology, tangential and radial diameters, and distribution frequency of different parts of Oligostachyum sulcatum, elucidating their structural and functional significance. Electron microscopy images revealed distinct vascular bundle characteristics in the different parts, including the vascular bundles in both parts of the rhizomes, the middle parts of the internodes, and the middle and inner parts of the branches, which were semi-open. The vascular bundles in the outer parts of both internodes and branches were semi-differentiated and undifferentiated. The vascular bundles in the inner parts of internodes were open. Statistical analysis showed significant variations in tangential and radial diameters among these parts, reflecting their diverse mechanical and physiological functions. The internodes exhibited the largest tangential and radial diameters, suggesting a critical role in mechanical support. In contrast, the branches had the smallest diameter, indicating that vascular bundle differentiation is influenced by growth conditions. The vascular bundle frequency was the highest in branches and the lowest in inside-sticks. This study provides theoretical references for the adaptive strategies and growth regulation mechanisms of O. sulcatum.