Morphology Of Precursor Research Articles

ZIF-8-derived hollow carbon polyhedra with highly accessible single Mn-N6 sites as peroxymonosulfate activators for efficient sulfamethoxazole degradation

The adsorption and protective calcination methods were combined to synthesize single Mn atoms catalyst with more Mn-Nx exposure for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. During the carbonization process, the surface adsorbed Mn species in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and the surrounding graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) jointly maintained the morphology of precursor and enriched Mn-N6 sites near the catalyst surface. The hollow and hierarchically porous structures induced by the erosive function of g-C3N4 further facilitated the exposure of Mn-N6 sites and mass transfer processes. Herein, the derived hollow carbon polyhedron catalyst (C-Z8-Mn@g-C3N4) possessed highly accessible edge-host Mn-N6 sites and ultra-high specific surface area (1846.91 m2 g−1). C-Z8-Mn@g-C3N4 exhibited remarkable catalysis for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation at an extremely low dosage (0.01 g L−1), particularly, up to 3.8 times of promotion was obtained compared to traditional single Mn atoms catalyst (66.9 vs 17.8 L g−1 min−1). Besides, the catalytic performance of C-Z8-Mn@g-C3N4 was not obviously affected by initial pH (3.14–11.00), inorganic anions and natural organic matters (NOMs). Experiments and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Mn-N6 sites not only had stronger PMS adsorption capacity than graphitic N, but also enhanced the electron transfer between catalyst and PMS, thus promoting the redox and self-decomposition of PMS to produce SO4−, OH and singlet oxygen (1O2) (as major active oxygen species). This work provides new insights into the regulation of active sites exposure in single-atom catalysts for enhanced catalytic performance.

Sputtered PbI2 with Post‐Processing for Perovskite Solar Cells

Conformal deposition of perovskite films on textured silicon surfaces using a dry process is crucial for producing high‐performance perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Herein, a radio frequency magnetron sputtering process is used with a PbI2 target to deposit precursor films. Iodination, thermal annealing, and dimethyl sulfoxide treatment are employed as posttreatment processes to improve the stoichiometry, crystallinity, and surface morphology of the PbI2 precursor. The precursor films are converted into perovskite using direct contact conversion process, and the interfacial and bulk properties are enhanced by methylamine vapor annealing to fabricate perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 12.2%. Also, 18.3% efficiency is confirmed at a wider voltage sweep range, which suggests that further efficiency improvement is possible by removing defects inside the perovskite. Finally, uniform perovskite films are conformally deposited on a 25 cm2 textured silicon surface. With such high‐efficiency potential and conformality, the method of sputtering PbI2 can open a new way to fabricate perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.

Double etch strategy induced morphologic transformation engineering of Fe–Ni hydroxide for the efficient and stable oxygen evolution

Developing high-efficiency and steady nickel-iron based catalysts are of great significance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the rarity of active sites exposed to electrolytes is difficult, limiting their OER properties. Herein, an innovative double-etch strategy has been developed to synthesize Fe–NiOH@NF nanosheet supported on nickel foam. Where NH4+ was applied to change the morphology of precursor (NiNH4PO4) from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) to expose a larger solution contact area and the etch of OH− thinned the layered structure in the process of transforming Fe–NiNH4PO4 for Fe-β-Ni(OH)2. And the double etching strategy makes Fe–NiOH@NF-5 possess excellent electrocatalytic OER performance, when reaching the current densities of 100 and 1000 mA cm−2, the obtained catalytic materials only required a low overpotential of 260 and 320 mV, respectively. Meanwhile, the stability of the structure was also verified in strong corrosion environment (1 M KOH), and the catalytic activity presents unattenuated after stable operation at 100 mA cm−2 for 80 h. Density functional theory (DFT) confirmed that the optimized adsorption intermediates and conductivity were the keys to the better performance. The morphology control strategy of this work provided a significant reference for the improved OER properties of transition metal-based catalysts.

Regulating properties of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 absorber layer via the extra tiny Mg2+

AbstractExtra cation incorporations have been proved to enhance the properties of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 materials, and help to obtain high‐efficiency solar cells. In this work, the authors study the influence of the extra tiny Mg2+ doping on the properties of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 films. Through tuning the amount of Mg into the precursor solution, the crystallization, morphology, light absorption, and electrical properties all have been improved and can reach the optimum at 3% Mg‐doping, which is in favour of high‐performance CZTSSe devices. The authors’ finding also demonstrates Mg element can be regarded as the new candidate for extra cation incorporations.

Stress-Dispersed Superstructure of Sn3 (PO4 )2 @PC Derived from Programmable Assembly of Metal-Organic Framework as Long-Life Potassium/Sodium-Ion Batteries Anodes.

The structures of anode materials significantly affect their properties in rechargeable batteries. Material nanosizing and electrode integrity are both beneficial for performance enhancement of batteries, but it is challenging to guarantee optimized nanosizing particles and high structural integrity simultaneously. Herein, a programmable assembly strategy of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is used to construct a Sn-based MOF superstructure precursor. After calcination under inert atmosphere, the as-fabricated Sn3 (PO4 )2 @phosphorus doped carbon (Sn3 (PO4 )2 @PC-48) well inherited the morphology of Sn-MOF superstructure precursor. The resultant new material exhibits appreciable reversible capacity and low capacity degradation for K+ storage (144.0mAhg-1 at 5Ag-1 with 90.1% capacity retained after 10000 cycles) and Na+ storage (202.5mAhg-1 at 5Ag-1 with 96.0% capacity retained after 8000 cycles). Detailed characterizations, density functional theory calculations, and finite element analysis simulations reveal that the optimized electronic structure and the stress-dispersed superstructure morphology of Sn3 (PO4 )2 @PC promote the electronic conductivity, enhance K+ / Na+ binding ability and improve the structure stabilization efficiently. This strategy to optimize the structure of anode materials by controlling the MOF growth process offer new dimension to regulate the materials precisely in the energy field.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТОДОВ И УСЛОВИЙ СООСАЖДЕНИЯ НА МОРФОЛОГИЮ И СТРУКТУРУ ПОРОШКОВ ИТТРИЙ-АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО ГРАНАТА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОПЛОТНОЙ КЕРАМИКИ

Highly dispersed powders of yttrium-aluminium garnet precursors were obtained by different variations of the co-precipitation method: direct precipitation, imaginative heterophase precipitation using a spray funnel. Different precipitants were used in experiments: solutions of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, also with and without ammonium sulphate as a dispersant. Powders of yttrium-aluminium garnet have been synthesised. The morphology and structure of precursor and garnet powders have been studied. Comparative analysis has been carried out.

Novel Synthesis of 3D Mesoporous FePO4 from Electroflocculation of Iron Filings as a Precursor of High-Performance LiFePO4/C Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

This study presents an economic and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of microspherical FePO4·2H2O precursors with secondary nanostructures by the electroflocculation of low-cost iron fillers in a hot solution. The morphology and crystalline shape of the precursors were adjusted by gradient co-precipitation of pH conditions. The effect of precursor structure and morphology on the electrochemical performance of the synthesized LiFePO4/C was investigated. Electrochemical analysis showed that the assembly of FePO4·2H2O submicron spherical particles from primary nanoparticles and nanorods resulted in LiFePO4/C exhibiting excellent multiplicity and cycling performance with first discharge capacities at 0.2C, 1C, 5C, and 10C of 162.8, 134.7, 85.5, and 47.7 mAh·g-1, respectively, and the capacity of LiFePO4/C was maintained at 85.5% after 300 cycles at 1C. The significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C was attributed to the enhanced Li+ diffusion rate and the crystallinity of LiFePO4/C. Thus, this work shows a new three-dimensional mesoporous FePO4 synthesized from the iron flake electroflocculation as a precursor for high-performance LiFePO4/C cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Rapid green preparation of Lu7O6F9:RE (RE = Eu3+/Gd3+, Yb3+/Er3+) phosphors using ionic liquids

Rare earth oxyfluoride materials are a fascinating class of host matrixes for various applications. However, rapid green preparation of multifunctional rare earth oxyfluoride phosphors remains a huge challenge. In this work, we report the fast synthesis of Lu7O6F9 using ionic liquids (ILs), which enables the precursors to be obtained at 10 min. The effects of calcination temperature, reaction temperature, reaction time and fluorine source on the phase and morphology of precursors and products are elaborated and the growth mechanism is put forward. Eu3+ alone and Yb3+, Er3+ co-doped samples were prepared to investigate the down-conversion (DC) and up-conversion (UC) properties, respectively. Besides, Gd3+ ions were introduced to the Eu3+ doped products, endowing the phosphors more intense luminescence and paramagnetic properties. The proposed facile synthesis route, excellent luminescence, thermal stability and paramagnetic properties open up the way to obtain rare earth fluoride and oxyfluoride for multifunctional applications.

Effect of co-precipitation synthesis parameters on gadolinium aluminate nanoparticles

Gadolinium aluminate was a perovskite rare earth oxide with stable cubic crystal structure and excellent properties in electricity, magnetism, luminescence and catalysis. Gadolinium aluminate nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as dispersant and ammonia as precipitant. The effects of calcination temperature, dispersant content and mother salt solution concentration on the phase changes and particle morphology of precursors were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM), etc. The results showed that when the calcination temperature was higher than 800 °C, the precursor recrystallized. Gadolinium aluminate nanoparticles with good dispersion and approximate spherical perovskite structure were synthesized when the concentration of mother salt solution was 0.3 mol/L, the content of dispersant was 2% and calcined at 1100 °C for 2 h.

Plasma-enhanced fluorination of layered carbon precursors for high-performance CFx cathode materials

Lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CFx) primary batteries employed in commercial, medical, and military fields, are still hindered by the poor rate performance, which is closely related to the fluorination process and precursor carbon materials. Herein, we reported an eco-friendly, simple and efficient fluorination strategy, namely, plasma-enhanced fluorination (PEF), to manufacture plasma fluorinated expanded graphite (PFEG) and plasma fluorinated graphene (PFG). Chemically similar PFEG and PFG materials were also constructed to study the effect of morphology and microstructure of the carbon precursors on the PEF process and the resulting CFx materials’ electrochemical performance. The Li/PFG coin cell exhibits excellent rate performance with a high specific capacity of 838.3 mAh/g at a high current density of 10 A/g. The pouch cell based on the PEF pilot reactor delivers a specific capacity 771.4 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, confirming the potential of PEF for scalable production of high-quality (high energy density and high-power density) CFx cathode materials. These findings will greatly contribute to the research and development of Li/CFx primary batteries in the way of optimizing carbon precursors and developing new fluorination strategies.

Carbon Fibers from Wet-Spun Cellulose-Lignin Precursors Using the Cold Alkali Process

In recent years, there has been extensive research into the development of cheaper and more sustainable carbon fiber (CF) precursors, and air-gap-spun cellulose-lignin precursors have gained considerable attention where ionic liquids have been used for the co-dissolution of cellulose and lignin. However, ionic liquids are expensive and difficult to recycle. In the present work, an aqueous solvent system, cold alkali, was used to prepare cellulose-lignin CF precursors by wet spinning solutions containing co-dissolved dissolving-grade kraft pulp and softwood kraft lignin. Precursors containing up to 30 wt% lignin were successfully spun using two different coagulation bath compositions, where one of them introduced a flame retardant into the precursor to increase the CF conversion yield. The precursors were converted to CFs via batchwise and continuous conversion. The precursor and conversion conditions had a significant effect on the conversion yield (12–44 wt%), the Young’s modulus (33–77 GPa), and the tensile strength (0.48–1.17 GPa), while the precursor morphology was preserved. Structural characterization of the precursors and CFs showed that a more oriented and crystalline precursor gave a more ordered CF structure with higher tensile properties. The continuous conversion trials highlighted the importance of tension control to increase the mechanical properties of the CFs.

Porous unsupported CuO nanoplates for efficient photothermal CO oxidation

It is a significant issue for environmental protection and industrial production to eliminate CO, a gas harmful to life and some important reaction sites. Real environmental conditions require catalytic CO oxidation to occur at relatively low temperature. Nowadays, photothermal catalysis has been exploited as a new way to achieve CO elimination, different from thermal catalysis. CuO, as cheap and abundant substitute for precious metals, is considered to have potential in photothermal catalysis. Oxygen vacancies (OV) and lattice oxygen (OL) activity are considered extremely crucial for oxide catalysts in CO oxidation, according to Mars−van Krevelen mechanism. Herein, porous CuO nanoplates with adjustable OV and OL activity were prepared by a facile method via controlling the morphology and phase composition of precursors. The light-off temperature (50% conversion) of the best sample obtained under the optimal conditions was ∼110 °C and an almost complete conversion was reached at ∼150 °C. It also achieved nearly 70% conversion under 6 standard Suns (6 kW cm−2 irradiation) and could work in infrared radiation (IR) regions, which could be attributed to the photo-induced thermal effect and activation effect. The simple synthesis and characterization provide a good example for the future photothermal catalysis.

Probing the Ni(OH)2 Precursor for LiNiO2 at the Atomic Scale: Insights into the Origin of Structural Defect in a Layered Cathode Active Material.

In lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the layered cathode materials of composition LiNi1- x - y Cox Mny O2 are critical for achieving high energy densities. A high nickel content (>80%) provides an attractive balance between high energy density, long lifetime, and low cost. Consequently, Ni-rich layered oxides cathode active materials (CAMs) are in high demand, and the importance of LiNiO2 (LNO) as limiting case, is hence paramount. However, achieving perfect stoichiometry is a challenge resulting in various structural issues, which successively impact physicochemical properties and result in the capacity fade of LIBs. To better understand defect formation in LNO, the role of the Ni(OH)2 precursor morphology in the synthesis of LNO requires in-depth investigation. By employing aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and precession electron diffraction, a direct observation of defects in the Ni(OH)2 precursor preparedis reported and the ex situ structural evolution from the precursor to the end product is monitored. During synthesis, the layered Ni(OH)2 structure transforms to partially lithiated (non-layered) NiO and finally to layered LNO. The results suggest that the defects observed in commercially relevant CAMs originate to a large extent from the precursors, hence care must be taken in tuning the co-precipitation parameters to synthesize defect-free Ni-rich layered oxides CAMs.

Solvothermally prepared hydrated VO2(B) for aqueous zinc ion batteries with high capacity and excellent rate capability

The poor long-term cycle stability of cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries has always been one of the limiting factors affecting their further applications. In this work, a solvothermal method was used to change the morphology and structure of the V2O5 precursor to prepare a curled hydrated VO2(B) nanosheet. The VO2(B) has a specific capacity of 400.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and after 6,000 cycles at 5 A g−1, the VO2(B) can still achieve a discharge specific capacity of 223.5 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 84.3%. Moreover, the energy density and power density of the VO2(B) are also very impressive (300.7 Wh kg−1 at 168.61 W kg−1; 233.9 Wh kg−1 at 7317 W kg−1). Such excellent performance is closely linked to the suitable nanostructure, the high capacitance-controlled kinetic behavior, the fast diffusion of Zn2+ and the crystal water sustained the structure of VO2(B). And the energy storage mechanism of the material is H+/Zn2+ co-insertion.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: Clinicopathologic Features of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Associated and Independent Lesions

Abstract Introduction/Objective Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops via HPV-associated and HPV-independent pathways. Each subset is notable for distinct precursor lesions, morphology, epidemiology and prognoses. There is no consensus regarding the incidence of HPV-associated VSCC, although the literature estimates a range of 15–79%. The current investigation aims to determine the incidence and clinicopathologic features of HPV-associated and HPV- independent VSCC in a diverse, multi-ethnic population. Methods/Case Report Resections specimens of VSCC from 1991 to 2020 were retrospectively identified. Cases were reviewed for confirmation of diagnosis, followed by immunohistochemical staining for p16. Age at diagnosis, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking history, tumor size, depth of invasion, and stage were obtained. Statistical analyses included t and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Sixty-seven VSCC cases were reviewed. By immunohistochemistry, 34 (51%) were HPV-associated. Age at diagnosis was statistically significant (p = 0.0008), with an average age of 63 years for HPV-associated and 75 years for HPV-independent VSCC.Tumor size approached statistical significance (p = 0.0577), with larger tumors occurring in the absence of HPV. Additionally, the incidence of HPV-independent VSCC nearly doubled every 10 years while the incidence of HPV-associated VSCC remained constant. Conclusion In this diverse, multi-ethnic cohort, the incidence of HPV-associated VSCC (51%) is at the higher end of the global range of 15-79%. Differences in age demonstrated statistical significance, supporting existing data describing HPV-associated VSCC diagnosed in relatively younger women. Tumor size approached statistical significance, signaling a correlation between HPV-independent VSCC and larger tumors; findings that may support reports of HPV-independent VSCC being associated with a worse prognosis. The increasing incidence of HPV- independent VSCC compared to a constant rate of HPV-associated VSCC suggests changing patterns of detection and pathogenesis.

Comparative Study of Onion-like Carbons Prepared from Different Synthesis Routes towards Li-Ion Capacitor Application

Li-ion capacitors (LIC) have emerged as a promising hybrid energy storage system in response to increasing energy demands. However, to achieve excellent LIC performance at high rates, along with cycling stability, an alternative anode to graphite is needed. Porous high-surface-area carbons, such as onion-like carbons (OLCs), have been recently found to hold high potential as high-rate-capable LIC anodes. However, a systematic understanding of their synthesis route and morphology is lacking. In this study, OLCs prepared from self-made metal organic frameworks (MOFs) Fe-BTC and Fe-MIL100 by a simple pyrolysis method were compared to OLCs obtained via high-temperature annealing of nanodiamonds. The LICs with OLCs produced from Fe-BTC achieved a maximum energy density of 243 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 20,149 W kg−1. Furthermore, excellent capacitance retention of 78% after 10,000 cycles was demonstrated. LICs with MOF-derived OLCs surpassed the energy and power density of LICs with nanodiamond-derived OLCs. We determined the impact of the MOF precursor structure and morphology on the resulting OLC properties, as well as on the electrochemical performance. Thus, MOF-derived OLCs offer significant potential toward high-performance anode material for LICs, enabling control over structure and morphology, as well as easy scalability for industrial implementation.

Morphology of Phagophore Precursors by Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy.

Autophagosome biogenesis occurs in the transient subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum that are called omegasomes, which, in fluorescence microscopy, appear as small puncta, which then grow in diameter and finally shrink and disappear once the autophagosome is complete. Autophagosomes are formed by phagophores, which are membrane cisterns that elongate and close to form the double membrane that limits autophagosomes. Earlier electron-microscopy studies showed that, during elongation, phagophores are lined by the endoplasmic reticulum on both sides. However, the morphology of the very early phagophore precursors has not been studied at the electron-microscopy level. We used live-cell imaging of cells expressing markers of phagophore biogenesis combined with correlative light-electron microscopy, as well as electron tomography of ATG2A/B-double-deficient cells, to reveal the high-resolution morphology of phagophore precursors in three dimensions. We showed that phagophores are closed or nearly closed into autophagosomes already at the stage when the omegasome diameter is still large. We further observed that phagophore precursors emerge next to the endoplasmic reticulum as bud-like highly curved membrane cisterns with a small opening to the cytosol. The phagophore precursors then open to form more flat cisterns that elongate and curve to form the classically described crescent-shaped phagophores.

Roles of TOPO Coordinating Solvent on Prepared Nano-Flower/Star and Nano-Rods Nickel Sulphides for Solar Cells Applications.

The present study describes a cheap, safe, and stable chemical process for the formation of nickel sulphide (NiS) with the use of mixed and single molecular precursors. The production pathway is uncomplicated, energy-efficient, quick, and toxic-free, with large-scale commercialization potential. The obtained results show the effect of tri-N-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as a coordinating solvent on the reaction chemistry, size distributions, morphology, and optical properties of both precursors. Ni[N,N-benz-N-p-anisldtc] as NiSa, Ni[N,N-benzldtc] as NiSb, and Ni[N-p-anisldtc] as NiSc thermally decompose in a single step at 333–334 °C. The X-ray diffraction peaks for NiSa, NiSb, and NiSc matched well with the cubic NiS nanoparticles and corresponded to planes of (111), (220), and (311). The extrapolated linear part from the Tauc plots reveals band gap values of 3.12 eV, 2.95 eV, and 2.5 eV, which confirms the three samples as potential materials for solar cell applications. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique affirmed the quantum dot size distribution at 19.69–28.19 nm for NISa, 9.08–16.63 nm for NISb, and 9.37–10.49 nm for NISc, respectively. NiSa and NiSc show a clearly distinguishable flower/star like morphology, while NiSb displays a compact nano-rod shape. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, very few studies have been reported on the flower/star like and nano-rod shapes, but none with the dithiocarbamate molecular precursor for NiS nanoparticles.

High-rate Ni-rich single-crystal cathodes with highly exposed {0 1 0} active planes through in-situ Zr doping

Nickel (Ni)-rich cathodes with high energy density will play a crucial role in the rapidly growing electric vehicles sector. However, the large-scale application of Ni-rich cathodes is still limited by structural instability and severe capacity decay. Even though the construction design of single-crystal cathodes alleviates these defects, the sluggish lithium ion (Li+) diffusion between the larger single-crystal particles restricts its rate performance. We propose an in-situ zirconium (Zr) ion doping strategy to modulate the primary particle morphology of precursors and achieve their corresponding single-crystal cathodes with highly exposed {010} planes. The high percentage of {010} planes will deliver more Li+ diffusion channels and improve the transportation kinetics. Moreover, the homogeneous doping of Zr inside the bulk phase will significantly suppress the anisotropic shrinkage of c-axis and maintain an intact internal structure, thus preventing the accumulation of rock-salt phases. As a result, the Zr-doped single-crystal cathode exhibits excellent cycling stability, whether at 25 ℃ or 45 ℃. More importantly, the rate performance of cathodes has been remarkably enhanced after Zr modification. At the ultra-high rate of 10 C, it can maintain a high specific capacity of 121.4 mAh g−1 (81.8 % of capacity retention) after 250 cycles in the 3.0–4.3 V range.

Flower-like NiO to flower-like NiO/Ni@C microspheres: An effective strategy to comprehensively improve the loss capabilities

It was well recognized that the penetrated electromagnetic (EM) wave could be dissipated by means of magnetic loss, polarization loss and conduction loss. In order to improve their loss capacities and take full advantage of flower-like geometrical morphology, in this study, we proposed a simple route for the production of flower-like core@shell structure NiO/Ni@C microspheres through the carbon thermal reaction using NiO microflowers as precursor. The obtained results revealed that our proposed strategy successfully synthesized the core@shell structure magnetic carbon-based multicomponent nanocomposites without destroying the geometrical morphology of precursor. By regulating the annealing temperature, the as-prepared NiO/Ni@C microspheres with different contents of Ni and degrees of graphitization could be selectively synthesized, which effectively boosted their magnetic loss, polarization loss and conduction loss capabilities. Therefore, the elaborately designed NiO/Ni@C microspheres displayed the superior microwave absorption performances including strong absorption capability, broad absorption bandwidth and thin matching thicknesses compared to the NiO precursor. In summary, our findings not only provided a simple route to design and synthesize flower-like core@shell structure magnetic carbon-based nanocomposites as novel microwave absorbers, but also presented an effective strategy to comprehensively improve their loss capacities.