Morphological Process Research Articles

Proses Morfologis dalam Kumpulan Puisi Asmaraloka: Puisi, Nada, dan Cinta Karya Usman Arrumy

This research is entitled "The Morphological Process in the Poetry Collection Asmaraloka: Puisi, Nada, dan Cinta by Usman Arrumy". This study aims to describe (a) the types of affixation in the poetry collection Asmaraloka: Puisi, Nada, dan Cinta by Usman Arrumy, (b) the types of reduplication in the poetry collection Asmaraloka: Puisi, Nada, dan Cinta by Usman Arrumy, and (c) types of compounding in the poetry collection Asmaraloka: Puisi, Nada, dan Cinta by Usman Arrumy. This type of research is a qualitative research with the data source in the form of a collection of poetry. The data collection methods and techniques used in this research are the note-taking method, the data analysis method and technique used is the agih method with basic techniques in the form of techniques for direct elements, as well as methods and techniques for presenting the results of data analysis in the form of formal informal methods with techniques descriptive. The results of this study include types of affixation in the form of prefixes meng- totaling 138 data, ber- totaling 61 data, di- totaling 21 data, ter- totaling 34 data, se- totaling 31 data, ke- totaling 2 data, pe- totaling 3 data, peng- totaling 8 data; the suffix –an is 26 data, -kan is 12 data, -nya is 1; infix –em- is 1; simulfixes peng-...-an totaling 6 data, per-...-an totaling 8 data, se-...-nya totaling 4 data, ke-...-an totaling 38 data. The reduplication and compounding found respectively amounted to 17 and 19 data. Apart from the result of the morphological process, there are also typical lexemes found in the data source, namely membayang, menyuar, mendamba, melindap, bertubir, diperam, and dijerang. These lexemes are markers of the uniqueness of the poetry Asmaraloka: Puisi, Nada, dan Cinta by Usman Arrumy.

Biogenesis and release of endothelial extracellular vesicles: Morphological aspects

BackgroundCell-cell communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies has been shown to be important in physiological homoeostasis as well as pathological processes such as atherosclerosis. However, while the cellular machinery controlling EV formation and composition has been studied during the past decade, less is known about the morphological process of their formation and release. MethodsUsing different electron microscopic approaches including transmission-, scanning-, immun-, and serial block face electron microscopy we studied the morphogenetic events of EV formation and release. We analysed the different steps of EV formation and release in cultured myocardial endothelial (MyEnd) and aortic endothelial (AoEnd) cell lines under serum starvation and under inflammatory conditions. ResultsWe show that in a narrow time frame, the number of active cells and microvesicle (MV) producing cells increased in dependence of time spent in cultivation and additional stimulation by TNF-α. However, MV secretion was a highly heterogeneous process which couldn´t be seen in all cells cultivated under the same conditions. Release of MVs could be observed all over the cells’ surface with no preferred release site. While no single specific microscopic approach applied was sufficient to provide a comprehensive analysis of EV biogenesis, we show that the limitations of one technique could be compensated by the qualities of the respective other applied techniques, thus enabling us to provide a detailed ultrastructural analysis of MV and exosome biogenesis. Surprisingly, exosome release in endothelial cells occurred via a yet undescribed process indicating that MVBs were incorporated into a novel distinct cellular compartment covered by fenestrated endothelium before exosome release. Lastly, we could show that TNF-α stimulation of AoEnd cells leads not only to the upregulation of CD44 in parental cells, but also to incorporation of CD44 into the membranes of generated MVs and exosomes. ConclusionsTaken together, our data contribute to a better understanding of biogenesis and release of EVs. We conclude that under inflammatory conditions, EVs can mediate the transfer of CD44 from endothelial cells to target cells at distant sites including vessel wall cells and this could be a mechanism by which MVs may change the and thus contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.

Morphological Analysis of Inflectional and Derivational Morphemes on Instagram’s Captions

Morphological process in word formation is not limited to the long text, novel or story, but it could be founded into shorter sentences such as Instagram’s captions. Inflectional and derivational morphemes are a part of morphological process that used as a word formation. This study used a qualitative descriptive method to look for the types and the function of inflectional and derivational morphemes. The data was collected from Barack Obama’s captions on Instagram post and analysed by using the theory of Victoria Fromkin, Rodman R, and Hymas N. in An Introduction to Language, 2014. The result showed that there were forty live kinds of inflectional morphemes and there were thirty four kinds of derivational morphemes, so there were eighty nine overall regarded to inflectional and derivational morphemes. However, there are not all types of inflectional morphemes that can be found in this study. The inflectional morphemes were to give grammatical information and do not the part of speech. In contras the derivational morpheme is the complex one because it can change the meaning and category of speech when some morphemes attached

Constructing N-doped carbon beads-encapsulated CoMn2O4 microboxes with pyramidal walls for enhanced Li storage

Nanostructures of electrode materials have received intense attention due to their special properties including abundant active sites and short ion diffusion path in the field of energy storage and conversion. In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon beads-encapsulated hierarchical CoMn2O4 microboxes with pyramidal walls are constructed based on Kirkendall effect and self-assembly beginning from Co–Mn Prussian blue analog (PBA) microcubes. And the detailed morphological evolution process is investigated. The unique hollow porous structure of CoMn2O4 bimetallic oxide and the polymer pyrolytic carbon with rich nitrogen heteroatoms endow the composite with a large specific surface area and good conductivity, and make it exhibit excellent lithium storage performance. The morphology evolution analysis can provide support for designing unique nanostructures of electrode materials.

Morphological Process of Morphemes Through Word-Formation Process in Students’ Writing

In learning a language, students must learn about linguistics and its branches to know the context of language, the origin of words and how they are formed. This study aimed to investigate word-formation by exposing Yule’s (2010) theory in students’ writing. This research focused on how many word-formations existed and how the word-formation process was applied in students’ writing. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted to analyze the gathered data to fulfill the research objectives. The data were collected through observation. The participants in this research were 18 students of Universitas Negeri Semarang attending Academic Writing class. The findings show that the students applied 599 processes which fall under five types of word-formations. They could be categorized into blending, compounding, clipping, derivation, and inflection. The students applied less blending and clipping word-formation processes. In addition, there were some problems in applying the word-formation process. Some students were confused about how to form blending and clipping. Hopefully, this research will give significant contribution as reference in understanding word formation. The present study is expected to contribute to teaching and learning of word-based lexical studies in general and word-formations in particular.
 

Phase Field Simulation Research on the Microstructural Evolution of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Silicon

This work simulates the morphological evolution process of the solidification interface of silicon crystal. Based on the phase field model of single dendrite growth of pure material in a single-phase system, the control equation of the phase field is re-optimized, and an interface free energy anisotropy equation that can simulate the competitive growth of multiple crystal grains is established. The competitive growth of polysilicon is then simulated and analyzed. The results show that when the degree of undercooling exceeds a certain value, the non-facet crystals are transformed into facet crystals. The main branches in each direction are relatively thick when the anisotropy is small. With increasing anisotropy, the main branches in each direction show gradual thinning, and edges and corners appear on the interface. The dendrites are no longer smooth, and they transform from non-facet crystals to facet crystals. The main branches of different grains inhibit each other when multiple crystal grains compete for growth. The growth of the main branches is curved, which is different from existing branches. The experimental results can more realistically simulate the evolution process of single-crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon crystal micromorphology.

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND DE-NOISING TECHNIQUES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES

Medical images have noise, such as salt and pepper, speckle, and gaussian noise. So, getting the accuracy of magnetic resonance images is challenging always. The accuracy of brain images is essential for the clinical diagnosis process. The nonlinear method of median and morphological filters is used for enhancement, contrast adjustment, and histogram equalization for medical images and speech processing, to preserve them from noise and edge features. Because of its edge-preserving properties, this median spatial filter window is critically important and better for removing impulsive noise and speckle noise. Nine different shapes of windows and five different sizes of windows and five noise density injections are used for evaluating the performance of the median filter. The first person J.W.Tukey, did the smoothing process by median rank selection filter. The denoising using morphological process is also considered for analysis. These two nonlinear methods like median filtering and morphological methods are used for the restoration of noise from the original image. These two methods are applied in normal and seizure-affected images to calculate quality assessment metrics and also the performance evaluation metrics from magnetic resonance images. Any image needs to be denoised to get the accuracy, precision, and F-measure kind of common feature evaluation metrics. This paper evaluates two nonlinear filtering methods and their performance evaluated based on shapes and size of windows and for suppressing or de-noising to produce original noise-free images to assist clinically.

Evidence of (in)applicability of Morphological Doubling Theory in Acehnese reduplication

Morphological Doubling Theory (MDT) states that reduplication is a process in morphology, instead of phonology, which calls the second element as a reduplicant to add meaning to the base. This research is to investigate to what extent MDT is applicable to analyze reduplications in Acehnese, an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia. The research was based on nine literary works called hikayat written in early 20th century or earlier. The number of tokens extracted from the data source is 1076, or 370 tokens after duplicates were removed, consisting of 360 reduplicated words and ten synonym compounds. The data were analyzed using a complete qualitative data analysis procedure consisting of immersion, reflecting, taking apart, recombining, and relating and locating data. The results show that all reduplication patterns in Acehnese � full reduplication, partial reduplication and rhyming reduplication � can be analyzed using MDT. This result suggests that reduplication in Acehnese is a morphological process, where phonology is involved only in shaping the output of the reduplicant. In this language, a stem is called twice by morphology to satisfy the romantic requirements such as to mark plurality and to put emphasize in the base.

The research-practice gap: comparing planning and morphologically based proposals

The gap between morphological knowledge and urban planning is a major problem. The absent or insufficient morphological components of most planning instruments, like municipal plans, seem to reduce planning ability to define adequate rules for urban form transformation. This paper suggests that an integrated methodology for Morphological Analysis and Prescription (MAP), which benefits from the convergence of key complementary methods—morphological regionalization, typological process, and configurational analysis—can be a powerful tool to support planning practice, enabling a structural and comprehensive understanding of urban form dynamics. The Amial area, in Oporto, Portugal, is the setting for comparing the morphological analysis and proposals of MAP and the Oporto municipal master plan (Plano Diretor Municipal), and empirically examining the robustness of MAP.

Optimal and Efficient Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumor Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification and Analysis

A brain tumor (BT) is an abnormal development of brain cells that causes damage to the nerves and blood vessels. An accurate and early diagnosis of BT is important to prevent future complications. Precise segmentation of the BT provides a basis for surgical and planning treatment to physicians. Manual detection utilizing MRI images is computationally difficult. Due to significant variation in their structure and location, viz., ambiguous boundaries and irregular shapes, computerized tumor diagnosis is still a challenging task. The application of a convolutional neural network (CNN) helps radiotherapists categorize the types of BT from magnetic resonance images (MRI). This study designs an evolutional algorithm with a deep learning-driven brain tumor MRI image classification (EADL-BTMIC) model. The presented EADL-BTMIC model aims to accurately recognize and categorize MRI images to identify BT. The EADL-BTMIC model primarily applies bilateral filtering (BF) based noise removal and skull stripping as a pre-processing stage. In addition, the morphological segmentation process is carried out to determine the affected regions in the image. Moreover, sooty tern optimization (STO) with the Xception model is exploited for feature extraction. Furthermore, the attention-based long short-term memory (ALSTM) technique is exploited for the classification of BT into distinct classes. To portray the increased performance of the EADL-BTMIC model, a series of simulations were carried out on the benchmark dataset. The experimental outcomes highlighted the enhancements of the EADL-BTMIC model over recent models.

A Morphological Investigation of Suppletion in English

This study tries to give an analysis of one of the morphological processes known as 'suppletion', with a focus on how it is restricted in many languages, particularly English, the language under consideration. The stem or root of a word can be completely or partially changed as a result of this morphological process. Closed categories are assumed to be the only places where this morphological process takes place. As an example, this morphological process can be found in English verbs because it is confined to verbs, but it is not seen in all verbs because it is more general. Also, suppletion is a morphological process that can occur in English adjectives, notably in the comparative degree, but not all adjectives, as well as in nouns, especially in the process of Plural. It's worth noting that it's not a regular, standard, or systematic morphological procedure like the rest. To begin with, this procedure has the effect of completely altering the meaning of the word while also altering its grammatical structure. Several definitions of suppletion are included in the study, as is a discussion of the various subtypes of the process, as well as a presentation of the notion in the language itself.

PROSES MORFOLOGIS DALAM BAHASA MINANG DIALEK SIMPANG EMPAT DI PASAMAN BARAT

This study aims to describe and determine the form, function and meaning that occurs in the morphological process of the Minang language in Simpang Empat, West Pasaman. In analyzing the data, this study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data in Minang language translated into Indonesian. The function and meaning of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes in the study of morphological processes. This is the basis for research that departs to describe the measuring data used. There are forms of processes and meanings in morphological studies that include prefixes, suffixes, and infixes in the Minang language. There are four types of affixes in Minang language, namely ba-, man-, pa-, di, ka-, ta-, -an, di-an, ba-an, pan-an, and ka-an. The meaning of the affix will be formed according to the affix attached to the root word. The function of affixes in the Minang language is to change the type of word from other types of words.

KOSAKATA BARU PADA PEMBERITAAN TENTANG PANDEMI COVID-19 DAN PEMANFATAANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMP

This study aims to describe and explain (1) the new linguistic forms used by Kompas daily during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) the process of forming a new language used by Kompas daily during the Covid-19 pandemic (3) the use of analysis of forms and processes for the formation of new languages used Kompas daily during the Covid-19 pandemic as Indonesian language teaching materials in Junior High Schools. This study was a qualitative research with a morphological process content analysis approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques in this study used two ways, namely document analysis and in-depth interviews. Document content analysis is obtained by observing and taking notes. Test the validity of the data in this study using method triangulation and source triangulation. The data analysis technique used is flow model of analysis. The results show that the new vocabulary found in the Kompas daily newspaper amounted to 144 data which were classified into five forms. The abbreviations consisting of 24.31 percent and single words 23.61 percent with a difference of 0.7 percent. Then followed by acronyms 17.36 percent, compound words 12.50 percent, and phrases 22.22 percent. The collection of new vocabulary during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Kompas daily newspaper can be used as teaching material for news texts for class VIII SMP. This result are consistent with basic competencies 3.2 and 4.2 related to linguistic structure and presentation patterns in the form of news texts.

A deep autoencoder approach for detection of brain tumor images

Brain tumor detection received much attention due to its clinical significance for early treatment. Accurate diagnosis and classification of brain tumors are still challenging despite many major contributions are available. Existing methods mainly focus on accuracy in which classification problems like overfitting and underfitting have remained a major concern. This paper presents a technique for brain tumor identification using a deep autoencoder based on spectral data augmentation. In the first step, the morphological cropping process is applied to the original brain images to reduce noise and resize the images. Then Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to solve the data-space problem with feature reduction. Finally, a dense layer is proposed for appropriate feature extraction and classification of the brain tumor images. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms with an accuracy of 97% and an AUC ROC score of 99.46%.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Karakteristik Morfologi Tanaman Selada Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital

The aim of this study is to find out characteristics of Green Rapid lettuce with digital image processing using morphological technique on image and first order statistical feature extraction. In digital image processing, the original images were processed to be RGB image and then processed again to be grayscale one. The grayscale images were processed to be biner image so that the image can be changed into biner form (0 and 1). In morphological process, this study used edge detection, dilation, and erosion. The final stage of morphological process used feature extraction process to find out image morphological characteristics which can be described mathematically. The result of extraction showed its samples within range or average area about 9.593.622.205.915.820 pixels, perimeter about 8.427.724.410.694.360 pixels, length about 829.877.174.308.893 pixels, and width about 1.654.002.663.010.820 pixels

Meaning Relationships in the Definitions of the Big Indonesian Dictionary

The dictionary is an important reference source for finding the meaning of a word. The dictionary presents not only denotative meanings but also displays contextual meanings. This study aims to describe the macrostructure of the lemma in the dictionary, the definition of the lemma, and the relation of meaning. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with the subject of the Big Indonesian Dictionary. The object of research is the lemma in the dictionary. The data is selected and recorded in the data card and then identified based on the macrostructure of the dictionary, the definition of the lemma, and the relation of meaning to the definition of the lemma and between the entries. This study uses two approaches, namely the lexicographic approach and the semantic approach. The lexicographic approach was used to analyze the data based on the macrostructure and the lemma definition model. The semantic approach is used to determine the analysis of meaning based on the characteristics of the meaning relations of synonyms, polysemy, antonyms, opinions, meronyms, and homonyms. The results of this study found that the arrangement of the word combinations and sub-lemmas in the dictionary was ordered alphabetically, while the arrangement of the rephrasing and affixation sub-elements was ordered by the morphological process. The definition of a lemma uses the definition of synonyms, synonymous phrases, negation phrases with synonyms, phrases with adverbs, differential genus, differential genus + synonyms, synonyms + Differential Genus, and context definitions. The meaning relations that appear in the definition of lemma are synonyms, polysemy, antonyms, homonyms, and meronyms. The meaning relation that appears in the relationship between the entries is a homonym.

Morphological Inversion Initial Model Position Estimation Method

The shape inversion method can clearly invert the three-dimensional attitude of the magnetic target, but the shape inversion needs to obtain the position information of the magnetic target to be measured. In order to better determine the magnetic target position information, a magnetic target morphology inversion method is proposed, which fuses the physical property inversion results. The center position of the magnetic target is calculated by the physical property inversion method; the initial model is set, the module growth selection function is established by using the L2 norm and the distance constraint function, and the optimal growth module in the morphological inversion process is selected; through continuous iterative update, the magnetic The 3D pose of the target. The position error calculated by this method is less than 10% of the actual value, and the inversion coincidence rate is greater than 80%. The results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy of morphology inversion.

Urban Morphological Analysis Framework for Sustainable Malay Town Transition in Response to COVID 19

Current approaches applied in the historical analysis on the morphological evolution of early Malay towns primarily focused on describing how cities were formed and transformed without much emphasis on how they can be analysed. Considering cities as urban organisms experiencing rapid growth, achieving a sustainable urban transition would be impossible without understanding the process of initial formation and spatial uniqueness that comprise the Malay town. However, analysing the particular kind of processes requires a comprehensive understanding of each hierarchical level of morphological elements, which, therefore, posed a greater challenge in excerpting Malay town's dynamic and organic growth pattern-development. This study attempt to develop the methodological process of urban morphological analysis framework concerning the Malay town context. With the adoption of the historic-geographical approach as the method of analysis, the study applied two different spatial scales as the basis of the analysis process, that is, plan-units analysis and morphological evolution analysis. The findings unveiled the inherent morphogenesis processes of Malay towns central to the spatial structure of Kota, represent a town that functioned as a territorial base with settlements of Kampung as the archetype of the morphological unit. Through depicting the spatial boundary of Dalam Kota and Luar Kota, the fixation line of the growth process in Malay town can be identified, which is imperative to the functioning system of the town. Accordingly, developing the systematic morphological analysis process aids in providing a clear and responsive strategy for managing the changing process of Malay towns to ensure a sustainable transition for resilient communities and territories

Image Processing Implementation to Classify Coconut Quality Based on Its Color

At this time the processing of coconut into coconut flour is widely carried out by factories, especially in areas that have a large population of coconuts. Hal ini disebabkan karena keuntungan yang didapat dari hasil pengolahan kelapa tersebut bisa mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. This is because the profits obtained from the results of processing coconut can get large profits. The problem that has occurred so far is that there are many people who want to process coconuts, but are not accompanied by sufficient knowledge and knowledge of the quality of coconuts that the factory wants, so it is undeniable that there are also many coconuts that have been processed into coconut flour but are not sold in the market. The analysis method used in this study used an image processing method based on digital images with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) interface media that utilizes matlab software. Image processing consists of several processes, the first of which is the operation of changing the color to grayscale. The second process is a grayscale to binary color change operation using the threshold method. The third process is the morphological process of filling holes to remove noise from the threshold image results. The results of the study using the Image Management method are expected to provide knowledge and knowledge to the public about the quality of coconuts expected by the factory, especially to identify the differences between rotten coconuts and rotten coconuts.

Long-term morphological evolution and its mechanism of Lingdingyang Estuary: Interferences from anthropogenic forcings

The long-term morphological evolution process and mechanism of estuaries driven by high-intensity human activities are a hot and frontier scientific issue in estuarine and coastal research. Lingdingyang Estuary (LE) has been disturbed in recent decades by high-intensity anthropogenic forcing. High-intensity human activities have played a major role in the dynamic and geomorphological evolution of the LE, predominantly over the long term. In this study, the morphological evolution pattern of LE from 1955 to 1998 was first simulated using the Telemac-2D long-term morphological evolution model, and the input reduction of the upstream river boundaries was discussed. Then, based on the long-term model, the contribution of different human activities on geomorphic evolution was identified. Finally, the mechanism of high-intensity reclamation on morphological evolution was analyzed. The main findings can be summarized as follows: i) the general geomorphic pattern of LE at the mouth bars and channels are represented reasonably well from 1955 to 1998 when the multiple river boundaries input are reduced to combined seasonal river discharge and the phased daily SSC. Ii) High-intensity reclamation significantly weakened the deposition of ILE (Inner-Lingdingyang Estuary) with the annual deposition volume decreased ~1.33 × 107 m3, resulting in the deposition area narrowing 6–8 km to the south. On the contrary, reclamation enhanced the deposition of OLE (Outer-Lingdingyang Estuary) with the annual deposition volume increased ~5.15 × 106 m3, which enlarged the deposition area. Iii) the sharp decline of sediment discharge in upstream decreased significantly the deposition from 1978 to 1998 with the annual net deposition volume decreased ~1.754 × 107 m3, and the total deposition area of LE narrowed significantly and moved 3–5 km upstream. Iv) the total annual net deposition volume of LE from 1978 to 1998 decreased obviously by 2.084 × 107 m3 under the combined impact of the sharp decline of sediment discharge in upstream and high-intensity reclamation, of which the contribution rate of the sharp decline of sediment discharge in upstream was 61%, and that of high-intensity reclamation was 16% for the whole LE. v) the equilibrium location between runoff and tide caused by high-intensity reclamation moved 4.4 km southward from 1978 to 1998, which was the dominant factor for driving the southward migration of the deposition area during this period. In addition, reclamation resulted in the changes of water surface slope and tidal dynamics, which significantly affected the local geomorphic evolution pattern. The results of this study can improve and enrich the methods of the reduction of river boundary in upstream for long-term geomorphic evolution, and provide reference for the long-term geomorphic simulation of other multi-input estuaries. Our findings are expected to improve the scientific comprehensive management of the Pearl River Estuary and guide the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area