Morphological Characteristics Of Cells Research Articles

Role of Prebiotic, Probiotic and Symbiotic Diets on Bacterial proliferation in Feed and Intestine of African (Clarias gariepinus) Catfish

The influence of prebiotic, probiotic and symbiotic diet on microbial proliferation was studied using an in vitro method. In the present trial, formulated diets were supplemented with prebiotic (Sargassum muticum), probiotic (Parkia biglobosa) and combination of Parkia biglobosa and Sargassum muticum (symbiotic diet). Bacteria proliferation in supplemented feeds, small and large intestine of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fed the formulated diets were evaluated. The feeding trial that lasted 12 weeks was conducted in plastic aquaria, with each treatment replicated three times. A control diet containing only the feed ingredients was also formulated and fed for the same period. The result showed bacteria proliferation was lowest in the control diet and highest in feed supplemented with prebiotic. Low bacteria proliferation was observed in the small intestine of fish fed symbiotic diet while highest proliferation was recorded in the fish fed prebiotic diet. The result also revealed the lowest bacteria proliferation in the large intestine of fish fed symbiotic diet and highest in fish fed probiotic diet. Using the cell morphology and biochemical characteristics of bacteria isolates in supplemented feed, Clarias gariepinus small and large intestine, the result indicated the presence of some Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) known to produce a variety of antimicrobial substances which are able to stop the development of foodborne diseases by inhibiting the growth of food spoilage and pathogenic organisms.

Comb Cell Structure and Morphological Characteristics of the Chinese Honey Bee, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Under Successive Generations.

This study investigated the changes in comb cell structure and external morphological characteristics of the Chinese honey bee under ten successive generations to determine the optimal time to replace the old combs. Accordingly, ten Chinese honey bee experimental colonies were established, and natural combs were constructed for continuous rearing of workers for 1-10 generations. The brood comb thickness, brood cell structure, birth weight, and morphological characteristics of workers were determined. Pearson correlation analyses between brood comb structure and morphological characteristics of workers were carried out. The results revealed that under ten successive generations, the color of the brood comb deepens from white or light yellow to brown and finally to black. Also, concerning the brood cell shape, the cell base changes from the three-rhomboid structure to the hemisphere, and the cell body changes from the hexagonal prism structure to the cylinder. The brood cell depth increases with an increase in brood comb thickness. The cell volume reduces with the hexagonal cell's decreasing inner circumference side length, and diameter. A smaller cell volume leads to a decrease in the birth weight and body size of the worker, in addition, the Chinese honey bee has gnawed off the comb cells that have been cultivated for eight generations. This study suggests that the combs of Chinese honey bees should be replaced after eight generations to improve colony strength and production performance.

Improving human mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatic cell energy metabolism by manipulating glucose homeostasis and glucocorticoid signaling.

The development of reliable hepatic in vitro models may provide insights into disease mechanisms, linking hepatocyte dysmetabolism and related pathologies. However, several of the existing models depend on using high concentrations of hepatocyte differentiation-promoting compounds, namely glucose, insulin, and dexamethasone, which is among the reasons that have hampered their use for modeling metabolism-related diseases. This work focused on modulating glucose homeostasis and glucocorticoid concentration to improve the suitability of a mesenchymal stem-cell (MSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cell (HLC) human model for studying hepatic insulin action and disease modeling. We have investigated the role of insulin, glucose and dexamethasone on mitochondrial function, insulin signaling and carbohydrate metabolism, namely AKT phosphorylation, glycogen storage ability, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as well as fatty acid oxidation and bile acid metabolism gene expression in HLCs. In addition, we evaluated cell morphological features, albumin and urea production, the presence of hepatic-specific markers, biotransformation ability and mitochondrial function. Using glucose, insulin and dexamethasone levels close to physiological concentrations improved insulin responsiveness in HLCs, as demonstrated by AKT phosphorylation, upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of Irs2 and gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways. Ammonia detoxification, EROD and UGT activities and sensitivity to paracetamol cytotoxicity were also enhanced under more physiologically relevant conditions. HLCs kept under reduced concentrations of glucose, insulin and dexamethasone presented an improved hepatic phenotype and insulin sensitivity demonstrating superior potential as an in vitro platform for modeling energy metabolism-related disorders, namely for the investigation of the insulin signaling pathway.

Morphological features of cells containing melanin granules in urine and the identification method

Morphological features of cells containing melanin granules in urine and the identification method

Label-free microfluidic cell sorting and detection for rapid blood analysis.

Blood tests are considered as standard clinical procedures to screen for markers of diseases and health conditions. However, the complex cellular background (>99.9% RBCs) and biomolecular composition often pose significant technical challenges for accurate blood analysis. An emerging approach for point-of-care blood diagnostics is utilizing "label-free" microfluidic technologies that rely on intrinsic cell properties for blood fractionation and disease detection without any antibody binding. A growing body of clinical evidence has also reported that cellular dysfunction and their biophysical phenotypes are complementary to standard hematoanalyzer analysis (complete blood count) and can provide a more comprehensive health profiling. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in microfluidic label-free separation of different blood cell components including circulating tumor cells, leukocytes, platelets and nanoscale extracellular vesicles. Label-free single cell analysis of intrinsic cell morphology, spectrochemical properties, dielectric parameters and biophysical characteristics as novel blood-based biomarkers will also be presented. Next, we will highlight research efforts that combine label-free microfluidics with machine learning approaches to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity in clinical studies, as well as innovative microfluidic solutions which are capable of fully integrated and label-free blood cell sorting and analysis. Lastly, we will envisage the current challenges and future outlook of label-free microfluidics platforms for high throughput multi-dimensional blood cell analysis to identify non-traditional circulating biomarkers for clinical diagnostics.

Predicting IHC staining classes of NF1 using features in the hematoxylin channel

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) highlights specific cell types in tissues and traditionally involves antibody staining together with a hematoxylin counterstain. The intensity and pattern of hematoxylin staining differs between cell types and reveals morphological characteristics of cells. Here, we propose that features in the hematoxylin stain can be used to predict IHC labels, such as Neurofibromin (encoded by the gene NF1). The dataset consists of 7.2 million cells from benign and kidney cancer cores in a tissue microarray. Morphology and hematoxylin (H&M) features defined within QuPath are subjected to a clustering analysis in CytoMap. H&M features are also used to train 4 different XGBoost models to predict high, low, and negative NF1 stain classes in benign renal tubules, clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (PRCC), and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal carcinoma. The prediction accuracies of NF1 staining classes in benign, ccRCC, ChRCC, and PRCC range between 70% and 90% with areas under the precision recall curve PRAUCNF1-high = 0.82+0.12, PRAUCNF1-low = 0.62+0.25, and PRAUCNF1-negative = 0.83+0.16. The most important feature for predicting the NF1 class involves the minimum cellular hematoxylin staining intensity. Together, these results demonstrate the feasibility to predict NF1 expression solely from features in hematoxylin staining using open source software. Since the hematoxylin features can be obtained from regular H&E and IHC slides, the proposed workflow has broad applicability.

A Deep Learning approach for automated Cytoplasm and Nuclei cervical segmentation

Cervical cancer is a severe disease that affects many women in developing countries. Increasing screening capabilities is the best tool to reduce cancer incidence and save lives. Segmentation is an essential task in screening because it can lead to a better understanding of the morphological characteristics of cells. This paper presents a method for multi-class cell segmentation into Nuclei and Cytoplasm regions. Using the Herlev dataset for evaluation, this work achieved good performance by using state-of-the-art classification architectures such as EfficientNet combined with Feature Pyramid Networks to complete the segmentation task. Performance metrics for both classes show that the approach is robust enough to complete the task. The model achieved a 0.91 F1 score, 0.85 IoU, 0.91 Precision, 0.92 Recall, and 0.96 Specificity as class average with a very low standard deviation, validated with a 5-fold cross-validation. The proposal can help experts correctly asset cervical cell lesions and provide better healthcare for the patients.

Characteristics of Bone Marrow Cell Morphology and Immunophenotype in Patients with NHL Leukemia and Evaluation of NHL Bone Marrow Invasion

To observe the evaluation value of characteristics of bone marrow cell morphology and immunophenotype in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) leukemia on the bone marrow invasion of NHL. The clinical data of 104 patients with NHL treated in the hospital from March 2016 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, the characteristics of bone marrow smear morphology were recorded, and the analysis of bone marrow immunophenotype was performed, the evaluation value of bone marrow cell morphology and immunophenotype on NHL bone marrow invasion was analyzed. One hundred and four patients with NHL leukemia were found to have increased lymphoma cells by examination of bone marrow cell morphology, including 57 cases of B-cell type, 39 cases of T-cell type and 8 cases of NK/T cell type. The characteristics of bone marrow cell morphology were as follows: the cell body was large, irregular or round like in shape, the cytoplasm was much and mostly stained blue, a few cells could see a few granules, the nucleus was round or round like, some were twisted, the chromatin was thick and nucleolus was different, of which the T-cell type lymphoma cells had strong heteromorphism and more obvious nucleolus. B-cell type mainly expressed CD19, HLA-DR and CD20, and the positive rate was ≥70%. T-cell type mainly expressed CD7, HLA-DR and CD38, and the positive rate was ≥40%. NK/T cell types mainly expressed CD56 and CD161, and the positive rates was ≥50%. Compared the proportion of lymphoma cells between bone marrow smear and immunophenotype examination, there was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05). The characteristics of bone marrow cell morphology and immunophenotype have certain application value in the evaluation of bone marrow invasion in patients with NHL leukemia, both can complement each other and provide a feasible mean for the effective evaluation of bone marrow invasion in patients with NHL leukemia.

Saffron benefits for eye diseases

AbstractGlaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). An increase in the intraocular pressure is the principal risk factor but controlling this pressure does not always prevent glaucomatous damage, so other harmful factors would be implicated in this pathologic process. Several mechanisms have been proposed that leads to the RGC death in glaucoma, including glutamate excitotoxicity, aggregation of misfolded proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotrophic deprivation, and neuroinflammation, among others. Therefore, early diagnosis of neurodegeneration, understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms, and the development of new neuroprotective therapies represent major challenges for treating this disease.During the inflammatory process that occurs in glaucoma, retinal glial cells, both microglia and macroglia (Müller cells and astrocytes), become activated and release factors that can be neuroprotective in some cases and neurodegenerative in others. Cytokine‐ and chemokine‐mediated signalling engages in the neuroinflammatory process that leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. Thus, a substance with anti‐inflammatory activity may protect against RGC degeneration.Increasing evidence from both experimental models and clinical studies in patients supports the neuroprotective effect of saffron components in neurodegenerative conditions and in retinal neurodegenerative pathologies, due to its important anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and antioxidant properties.This study investigated the neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of a hydrophilic saffron extract standardized to 3% crocin content in a mouse model of unilateral, laser‐induced ocular hypertension (OHT). For this purpose, morphological signs of microglial activation and the expression of P2RY12, which demonstrates the increased microglial activation, were analysed. In addition, the possible regulation of cytokine and myokine production was also studied. Treatment with saffron extract decreased microglial signs of activation including reduction of microglial cell numbers and morphological features of its activation, including decrease soma size and process retraction, both in OHT and in contralateral eyes. In addition, also partially reversed OHT‐induced down‐regulation of P2RY12 and prevented retinal ganglion cell death in OHT eyes. Furthermore, most of the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐17), anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4 and IL‐10), Brain‐derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and fractalkine were unaffected in response to laser‐induced OHT in both the OHT eye and its contralateral eye in animals treated with saffron extracts. Only IL‐6 levels were significantly increased in the OHT eye one day after laser induction compared with the control group.These results differed from those observed in this OHT glaucoma model in animals untreated with saffron, where microglial activation and down‐regulation of P2RY12 was more intense, and the significant changes in cytokine levels in both eyes in response to IOP increase were observed.All these findings indicate that oral administration of saffron extract could be beneficial in glaucoma by decreasing the neuroinflammation associated with increased intraocular pressure, reducing microglial activation, regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF, and fractalkine and preventing retinal ganglion cell death.

Evaluating the Potential of Marine Invertebrate and Insect Protein Hydrolysates to Reduce Fetal Bovine Serum in Cell Culture Media for Cultivated Fish Production.

The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and the price of cell culture media are the key constraints for developing serum-free cost-effective media. This study aims to replace or reduce the typical 10% serum application in fish cell culture media by applying protein hydrolysates from insects and marine invertebrate species for the growth of Zebrafish embryonic stem cells (ESC) as the model organism. Protein hydrolysates were produced from black soldier flies (BSF), crickets, oysters, mussels, and lugworms with a high protein content, suitable functional properties, and adequate amino-acid composition, with the degree of hydrolysis from 18.24 to 33.52%. Protein hydrolysates at low concentrations from 0.001 to 0.1 mg/mL in combination with 1 and 2.5% serums significantly increased cell growth compared to the control groups (5 and 10% serums) (p < 0.05). All protein hydrolysates with concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/mL were found to be toxic to cells and significantly reduced cell growth and performance (p < 0.05). However, except for crickets, all the hydrolysates were able to restore or significantly increase cell growth and viability with 50% less serum at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/mL. Although cell growth was enhanced at lower concentrations of protein hydrolysates, the cell morphology was altered due to the lack of serum. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity results indicated that BSF and lugworm hydrolysates did not alter the cell membrane. In addition, light and fluorescence imaging revealed that the cell morphological features were comparable to those of the 10% serum control group. Overall, lugworm and BSF hydrolysates reduced the serum by up to 90% while preserving excellent cell health.

Morphological Characterization of Astrocytes in a Xenograft of Human iPSCDerived Neural Precursor Cells.

Transplantation of a mixed astrocyte and neuron culture is of interest in the development of cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. In this case, an assessment of engraftment requires a detailed morphological characterization, in particular an analysis of the neuronal and glial populations. In the experiment performed, human iPSC-derived neural progenitors transplanted into a rat striatum produced a mixed neuron and astrocyte population in vivo by the sixth month after transplantation. The morphological characteristics and neurochemical profile of the xenografted astrocytes were similar to those of mature human astroglia. Unlike neurons, astrocytes migrated to the surrounding structures and the density and pattern of their distribution in the striatum and cerebral cortex differed, which indicates that the microenvironment affects human glia integration. The graft was characterized by the zonal features of glial cell morphology, which was a reflection of cell maturation in the central area, glial shaft formation around the transplanted neurons, and migration to the surrounding structures.

Growth and B-Phycoerythrin Production of Red Microalga Porphyridium purpureum (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) under Different Carbon Supply.

Red microalga Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew is a well-known object of biotechnology due to its unique ability to synthesize a wide range of biologically active compounds. Enough minerals in an accessible form in a medium are a prerequisite for maintaining a high growth rate of P. purpureum. Carbon is the main element of microalgal biomass and is a component of all organic compounds. The work aimed to study the morphological features of cells and the accumulation and production of B-phycoerythrin and total protein in P. purpureum biomass in different ways of supplying CO2 into the culture. In Variant 1, CO2 was directly injected into a gas-air mixture (2-3 percent v/v) used for culture bubbling via capillary. In Variant 2, the air was supplied to the culture through the aquarium sparger. Variant 3 was like the first one but without the additional introduction of carbon dioxide. The application of the method for sparging atmospheric air led to a significant increase in both the productivity of the P. purpureum and the rate of protein and B-phycoerythrin synthesis in comparison with growing it using the air without spraying (two-and-a-half times, five times, and more than eight times, respectively). Moreover, there were significant changes in the morphological structure of P. purpureum cells, which were visualized both by microscopy and by changes in the color of the culture. Based on the experimental data obtained, the variants for the carbon supply experiment were ranked as follows: Variant 1 is better than Variant 2 and Variant 3. The use of atomization as a technological method made it possible to speed up the transfer of carbon dioxide from the air to the medium, which helped to keep the growth rate of P. purpureum biomass and B-phycoerythrin accumulation high.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ДРОЖЖЕЙ SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE В УСЛОВИЯХ СТРЕССА (ОБЗОР)

This review analyzes the processes of adaptation of yeast Saccharomyces to extreme conditions. Interest in the study of stress effects on yeast metabolism is associated with the use of extremophilic strains in various biotechnologies. The main biochemical processes that are fundamental in nature and occur in yeast cells at critical temperatures, ethanol, pH, NaCl and glucose are considered. The morphological characteristics of cells and giant colonies of yeast are given, the patterns of formation of which reflect changes in cellular metabolism under extreme conditions. The studies of industrial strains conducted to improve the fermentation kinetics, product yield and cell resistance under stress are summarized. Despite the large number of publications in this field, it is obvious that further study of the physiological state of S. cerevisiae cells under extreme conditions is promising, which is important for understanding the regulation of yeast metabolism and solving technological problems.

Ozone at low concentration modulates microglial activity in vitro: A multimodal microscopy and biomolecular study.

Oxygen-ozone (O2 -O3 ) therapy is an adjuvant/complementary treatment based on the activation of antioxidant and cytoprotective pathways driven by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Many drugs, including dimethyl fumarate (DMF), that are used to reduce inflammation in oxidative-stress-related neurodegenerative diseases, act through the Nrf2-pathway. The scope of the present investigation was to get a deeper insight into the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial result of O2 -O3 treatment in some neurodegenerative diseases. To do this, we used an integrated approach of multimodal microscopy (bright-field and fluorescence microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy) and biomolecular techniques to investigate the effects of the low O3 concentrations currently used in clinical practice in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cells human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) and in DMF-treated LPS-activated (LPS + DMF) HMC3 cells. The results at light and electron microscopy showed that LPS-activation induced morphological modifications of HMC3 cells from elongated/branched to larger roundish shape, cytoplasmic accumulation of lipid droplets, decreased electron density of the cytoplasm and mitochondria, decreased amount of Nrf2 and increased migration rate, while biomolecular data demonstrated that Heme oxygenase 1 gene expression and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α augmented. O3 treatment did not affect cell viability, proliferation, and morphological features of both LPS-activated and LPS + DMF cells, whereas the cell motility and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased. This evidence suggests that modulation of microglia activity may contribute to the beneficial effects of the O2 -O3 therapy in patients with neurodegenerative disorders characterized by chronic inflammation. HIGHLIGHTS: Low-dose ozone (O3 ) does not damage activated microglial cells in vitro Low-dose O3 decreases cell motility and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in activated microglial cells in vitro Low-dose O3 potentiates the effect of an anti-inflammatory drug on activated microglial cells.

Tsc2 shapes olfactory bulb granule cell molecular and morphological characteristics.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations that inactivate TSC1 or TSC2. Hamartin and tuberin are encoded by TSC1 and TSC2 which form a GTPase activating protein heteromer that inhibits the Rheb GTPase from activating a growth promoting protein kinase called mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Growths and lesions occur in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), cortex, olfactory tract, and olfactory bulbs (OB) in TSC. A leading hypothesis is that mutations in inhibitory neural progenitor cells cause brain growths in TSC. OB granule cells (GCs) are GABAergic inhibitory neurons that are generated through infancy by inhibitory progenitor cells along the V-SVZ. Removal of Tsc1 from mouse OB GCs creates cellular phenotypes seen in TSC lesions. However, the role of Tsc2 in OB GC maturation requires clarification. Here, it is demonstrated that conditional loss of Tsc2 alters GC development. A mosaic model of TSC was created by performing neonatal CRE recombinase electroporation into inhibitory V-SVZ progenitors yielded clusters of ectopic cytomegalic neurons with hyperactive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in homozygous Tsc2 mutant but not heterozygous or wild type mice. Similarly, homozygous Tsc2 mutant GC morphology was altered at postnatal days 30 and 60. Tsc2 mutant GCs had hypertrophic dendritic arbors that were established by postnatal day 30. In contrast, loss of Tsc2 from mature GCs had negligible effects on mTORC1, soma size, and dendrite arborization. OB transcriptome profiling revealed a network of significantly differentially expressed genes following loss of Tsc2 during development that altered neural circuitry. These results demonstrate that Tsc2 has a critical role in regulating neural development and shapes inhibitory GC molecular and morphological characteristics.

Establishing and characterising a new cell line from Calliphora vicina (diptera: calliphoridae) fly embryonic tissues

Insect cell lines represent a promising and expanding field as they have several research applications including biotechnology, virology, immunity, toxicology, cell signalling mechanisms and evolution. They constitute a powerful tool having a direct impact on human and veterinary medicine and agriculture. Although more than 1000 cell lines have currently been established from various insect species, Calliphora vicina-derived fly cell lines are lacking. This study was aimed at establishing a new C. vicina embryonic tissue-derived cell line. Adult flies were collected and embryonated eggs were mechanically homogenised and seeded in four types of culture media (L15, Grace's insect medium, Grace's/L15 and DMEM). Cell growth and morphological characteristics were recorded and cytogenetic and molecular patterns were determined. The CV-062020-PPB cell line was established and was shown to have optimal growth in Grace's/L15 medium. CV-062020-PPB cell monolayers that had been sub-cultured over 16 times consisted of firmly adhering cells having different morphologies; a fibroblast-like shape dominated and the karyotype had a 12-chromosome diploid number. RAPD-PCR analysis of the CV-062020-PPB cell line revealed a high similarity index and strong intraspecific relationship with C. vicina adult flies and a weaker relationship with the Lutzomyia longipalpis-derived cell line (Lulo). The CV-062020-PPB cell line constitutes the first cell line obtained from C. vicina embryonic tissues and represents an important basic and applied research tool.

Microcarrier-Based Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium.

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is estimated to impact nearly 300 million individuals globally by 2040. While no treatment options are currently available, multiple clinical trials investigating retinal pigmented epithelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-RPE) as a cellular replacement therapeutic are currently underway. It has been estimated that a production capacity of >109 RPE cells annually would be required to treat the afflicted population, but current manufacturing protocols are limited, being labor-intensive and time-consuming. Microcarrier technology has enabled high-density propagation of many adherent mammalian cell types via monolayer culture on surfaces of uM-diameter matrix spheres; however, few studies have explored microcarrier-based culture of RPE cells. Here, we provide an approach to the growth, maturation, and differentiation of hPSC-RPE cells on Cytodex 1 (C1) and Cytodex 3 (C3) microcarriers. We demonstrate that hPSC-RPE cells adhere to microcarriers coated with Matrigel, vitronectin or collagen, and mature in vitro to exhibit characteristic epithelial cell morphology and pigmentation. Microcarrier-grown hPSC-RPE cells (mcRPE) are viable; metabolically active; express RPE signature genes including BEST1, RPE65, TYRP1, and PMEL17; secrete the trophic factors PEDF and VEGF; and demonstrate phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Furthermore, we show that undifferentiated hESCs also adhere to Matrigel-coated microcarriers and are amenable to directed RPE differentiation. The capacity to support hPSC-RPE cell cultures using microcarriers enables efficient large-scale production of therapeutic RPE cells sufficient to meet the treatment demands of a large AMD patient population.

Abstract 747: Deciphering tumor ecosystems at super-resolution from spatial transcriptomics

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains networks of cells and structures that surround tumor cells. Cell populations in the TME, including their abundance, composition, and spatial location are critical determinants of the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of a tumor. A comprehensive analysis of the multiple exchanges between tumor cells and their TME is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms of tumor growth and response to anti-cancer therapies. Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) techniques have enabled gene expression profiling while preserving location information in tissues, which innovates a promising avenue to study the TME in a spatial context. With the power of SRT, we aim to provide a detailed annotation of tumor structure and different lymphocytes by integrating gene expression information and cell morphology features in the complemented high-resolution histology image obtained from the same tissue section. A major challenge that hinders gene expression and histology integration in SRT data is the relatively low resolution of gene expression data compared to pixel-resolution histology images. As gene expression is only measured in discrete spots that are separated by tissue gaps, a large proportion of the tissue area remains unmeasured (e.g., &amp;gt;50% in 10x Visium). The incomplete coverage of gene expression in ST has prevented the deciphering of detailed TME structures such as the tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS).To overcome this challenge, we present TESLA (Tumor Edge Structure and Lymphocyte multi-level Annotation), a machine learning framework that integrates gene expression and histology image in SRT to investigate the detailed strictures in TME. TESLA first fills in the gene expression for unmeasured areas and generates gene expression images in the same resolution as the histology image. Next, TESLA integrates the gene images with the histology image to annotate different tumor/TME cell types at pixel resolution. Some specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes structures, such as TLSs, can also be detected by colocalization analysis of different lymphocytes. TESLA is also able to characterize high-resolution cellular and molecular spatial structures of tumor by separating tumor into different subtype regions and elucidating differential transcriptome programs. The detailed multi-level annotations performed by TESLA provide a comprehensive understanding of the spatial context and the nature of cellular heterogeneity of the TME. Citation Format: Jian Hu, Kyle Coleman, Edward B. Lee, Humam Kadara, Linghua Wang, Mingyao Li. Deciphering tumor ecosystems at super-resolution from spatial transcriptomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 747.

Morphological Characteristics of Bone Marrow Cells in Patients with EB Virus Infection

Review and analyze the characteristics of bone marrow cell morphology in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and explore the diagnostic value of bone marrow cell morphology for the early identification of EBV infection. A total of 33 patients with EBV-DNA positive detection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2018 to May 2021 were collected as the research objects. Bone marrow cell morphology and peripheral blood cell analysis were performed, and the significance in disease diagnosis was analyzed by statistical methods. The sampling satisfaction of 33 patients with EBV infection was 100%. In the clinical diagnosis of all cases, 7 cases were IM, 17 cases were EBV-HLH, 3 cases were lymphoma, 2 cases were EBV-associated lymphoid hyperplasia, and 4 cases were not diagnosed. Among them, 31 patients had active bone marrow hyperplasia or above, 26 patients had active granulocytic hyperplasia or above, 21 patients had active erythroid hyperplasia or above, and 17 cases of megakaryocyte production platelet function decreased. The abnormal components of bone marrow mainly indude atypical lymphocyte cells (33 cases), hemophagocytic cells (22 cases), abnormal histiocyte (10 cases). According to the proliferation of granulocytes, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and the emergence of abnormal components such as atypical lymphocytes, hemophagocyte, abnormal histiocyte. Bone marrow cell morphological examination can indicate the possibility of EBV infection, which is certain diagnostic value for early identification of EBV infection.

Phylogenetic diversity of culturable marine actinobacteria isolated from the Havelock island, the Andamans, India

A decade, the excellent track records of the actinobacterial potential, the world microbiologist turned their attention is being paid to the isolation of novel actinobacteria for the diverse range of screening programs. In this context, present study was aimed at to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of culturable marine actinobacteria isolated from the coast of Havelock Island, the Andamans, India. Actinobacterial colonies were isolated from the sediments of the six stations of the Havelock island, using different media viz. Kuster's agar, Starch Casein agar, Actinomycetes isolation agar, Starch Casein nitrate agar and AV agar. Higher actinobacterial population density was recorded in Kuster's agar. A total of 19 morphologically distinct actinobacterial strains were subjected to identification using cultural, cell wall chemotypical, morphological, physiological and molecular (16S rDNA) characteristics; 18 out of 19 isolates belonged to Streptomyces and 1 isolate belonged to Actinoalloteichus. This study has led us to conclude that the coastal sediments of the Havelock island of the Andamans are good source for obtaining culturable marine actinobacteria. Isolation of such diverse marine actinobacteria from the marine sediments could yield novel candidates, a valuable source for various scientific and biotechnological applications and genes for their biosynthesis. Further research including molecular characterizations of the isolated strains are important to pursue their biotechnological importance and ecological roles.