Morphophysiological Characteristics Research Articles

Morphophysiological responses of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) to osmopriming treatment to overcoming salinity stress

Global climate change induced environmental stress such as salinity significantly impact growth and crop productivity. Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a vegetable commodity that has high nutritional value, but its productivity will decrease when grown in saline area. Seed priming is one of the pre-planting treatment techniques used to increase plant growth under unfavourable conditions. Osmopriming is one of the priming techniques where the seeds will be immersed in a solution with a high osmotic potential, such as PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The purpose of this study was to determine the morphophysiological response of red amaranth to osmopriming treatment under salinity stress. Complete randomized design was used to arrange this experiment containing two variables including seed osmopriming (0, 5% and 10% of PEG) and salinity stress (0, 50, and 100 mM of NaCl). Morphophysiological parameters were measured including plant height, number of leaves, root length, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, oxalic acid content and Ca-oxalate crystal density. After seed osmopriming with 10% of PEG 6000 increased plant height, number of leaves and root length of red amaranth Under salinity stress. Chlorophyll content increased while proline, oxalic acid content and Ca-oxalate crystal density decreased on osmopriming with 10% of PEG 6000. Seed osmopriming enhances morphophysiological characters to overcome problems in cultivating of red amaranth on saline area.

Morpho-physiological trait variation of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance to simulated rain in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most important factors for lower productivity in mungbean [Vigna radiata(L.) R. Wilczek]. The morpho-physiological characters, ultra-structural variations in pods and seeds, changes andregulatory water absorption pathway of 30 mungbean genotypes in relation to pre-harvest sprouting behaviour wasstudied during kharif 2017–19 at Seed Research Technology Center, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. Mungbean genotypes subjected to PHS imposed by simulated rainfall were evaluated. Rainfall simulator generates a rainfall spectrum that was similar to natural rainfall. Genotypes LGG 450 and K 851 with low score (%), while ML 267 and MGG 295 with high score (%) were screened as tolerant and susceptible to PHS. Accordingly, higher seed yield was recorded in LGG 450 (4.94 g/plant) followed by K 851 (4.20 g/plant) while lower seed yield was recorded in ML 267 (0.26 g/plant) followed by MGG 295 (0.79 g/plant). The findings were further corroborated with SEM studies by presence of sparse, wiry, short, twist or shriveled trichomes; thick cuticular pod wall, wide locular gap between seed coat (seed) and pod wall helping for the slow diffusion of moisture from endosperm to embryo. Further, the presence of lea-protein-insulated starch grains of endosperm merits lipophilic nature which might hindered dissipation of water to embryo via endosperm. The SEM studies have established ultrastructural features that determine the resistance to pre-harvest sprouting of mungbean and development of future resistant lines identification.

Морфофізіологічні особливості окуня річкового (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) та краснопірки звичайної (Scardinius erythrophthalmus Linnaeus, 1758) у водоймах м. Києва

Purpose. To study morphophysiological parameters of European perch and rudd from the urbanized water bodies of Kyiv in order to use them as indicators of the physiological state of fish. Methodology. The ichthyological study was carried out in different water bodies in Kyiv in May 2021. The material for the study were native species: European perch and rudd. Morpho-physiological parameters were determined separately for males and females. The probability of the obtained results was assessed by a Student’s t-test (Р≤0.05). Findings. Differences in morpho-physiological parameters of European perch and rudd from two water bodies were studied. A high content of oil products in water (0.090 mg/dm3) and bottom sediments (80.5 mg/kg) was found in the Lake Kyrylivske, while their concentration was several times lower in water (0.005 mg/dm3) and bottom sediments (10.5 mg/kg) of the Lake Martyshiv. Differences in the living conditions were manifested in the studied samples of fish. European perch from the Lake Martyshiv had a higher body length and weight by 10.6% and 30%, respectively, compared to the sample from the Lake Kyrylivske. On the other hand, no significant differences in body weight were found for rudd. This indicates the presence of interspecies differences for the studied fish in the living conditions of water bodies under human impact. In addition, differences in morphophysiological parameters have been established in European perch. Condition factor of perch females from the Lake Martyshiv was 16.5% higher than that of females from the Lake Kyrylivske. High liver indices were observed in European perch males from the anthropogenically transformed water body, while rudd males had a liver index lower by 26.3% than that in the Lake Martyshiv. The confirmation of the stressful living conditions in the Lake Kyrylivske during the study period was a significant decrease in gonadal and spleen indices of European perch. Originality. It was established that males and females of European perch and rudd have different physiological reactions to negative living conditions, which were reflected in the indices of internal organs. Practical Value. The obtained results allow assessing the physiological state of most abundant fish communities in urbanized water bodies of Kyiv for further forecasting their abundance and structure. Keywords: European perch (Perca fluviatilis, Linnaeus 1758), rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Linnaeus 1758), morphophysiological characteristics, organ indices, adaptive reactions, human impact.

Morpho-physiological and anatomical characteristics of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in silvopastoral and monoculture systems

To gain insights into the forage morphological and anatomical characteristics in a silvopastoral system (SPS) with Bolsa de Pastor (Zeyheria tuberculosa) and palisadegrass ‘Marandu’ (Urochloa brizantha) monoculture (MONO). The SPS was established through natural regeneration of the tree species. Treatments were a SPS and MONO distributed in a completely randomized design with six replicates and repeated measures were the harvest periods. Response variables were morpho-physiological and anatomical characteristicss: green: dead material ratio, leaf blade: stem+sheath ratio, leaf area index, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, proportions of non-lignified and achlorophyllous areas, lignified areas in stems, proportions of non-lignified and achlorophyllous areas, lignified and chlorophyllous areas in leaves, as well as cell length in longitudinal section of stem. Morpho-physiological patterns were altered (p < 0.05) under natural shading conditions due to higher photosynthetic efficiency in the SPS. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the systems on anatomical patterns, proportions of non-lignified and achlorophyllous, lignified and chlorophyllous tissues, these proportions were influenced only by the periods of the year, both for stems and leaves. Cells of the internodes of the grasses of the studied systems had the same length. The SPS alters morpho-physiological characteristics of palisadegrass and increases the concentration of chlorophyll a and b.

Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes as tools to screen tolerance and susceptible rice cultivars for drought stress

Present research work was aimed to observe possible changes in the metabolism of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) through drought stress. Rice belongs to the family Poaceae. It is considered as a vital food crop across all the major countries worldwide. Rice is prone to be affected by drought stress. Therefore, developing the drought tolerant cultivars of cereal crops assumed considerable importance. This work was carried out with an objective to study the Screening of rice cultivars against water stress and compare biochemical characteristic among different drought tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars. A set of 25 cultivars of rice were screened against drought stress at vegetative stage through various morpho-physiological characters such as moisture, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index(MSI), membrane injury(MI), seedling length and seedling weight. The RWC is a best criterion for plant water status. The osmotic adjustment is a influential mechanism of conserving cellular hydration under water stress and RWC expression also affects osmotic adjustment in this respect. Thus, it can be considered that the higher RWC having cv. GAR-13 and NWGR-16026 were tolerant and lower RWC having cv. NWGR-16009 and NWGR-16019 were susceptible. Hence, cv. GAR-13 & NWGR-16026 was used as tolerant and NWGR-16009 & NWGR-16019 were used as susceptible. On the basis of first experiment total four cultivars (Two tolerant NWGR-16026 & GAR-13, two susceptible NWGR-16009 & NWGR-16019) were selected for various biochemical analysis. The results indicated that total soluble sugars (TSS), glycine betaine and ascorbic acid content were found significantly higher in cultivar NWGR-16026. The proline content was found significantly higher in cultivar GAR-13. So, RWC and some biochemical parameters are best indicators for selection regarded as potentially useful for drought tolerant rice cultivars and targets for development through transgenic approaches.

Evaluation of Morphophysiological Characteristics, Nutrient Accumulation and Fatty Acid Profile of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Under Different Salinity Levels

Evaluation of Morphophysiological Characteristics, Nutrient Accumulation and Fatty Acid Profile of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Under Different Salinity Levels

The regional aspects of social economic factors effect on morphophysiological status and somatic health of young women

The analysis of various social, economic, and demographic factors demonstrates different degrees and directions of their impact on human body systems and human health in general. The examination of residents of several cities of Russia and neighboring countries provides an opportunity to assess strength and direction of relationship between socioeconomic factors and morphofunctional health. The comprehensive morphofunctional examination was applied to 722 young females aged 18.8±0.05 years from six cities: Moscow, Samara, Saransk, Arkhangelsk (the Russian Federation), Tiraspol (the Transdniestria Moldavian Republic), and Baku (the Republic of Azerbaijan). The economic, demographic, social and ecological indicators of the city and relevant region were considered as factors of urban environment. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (RS). was used as measure of relation between attributes. The variability of morphophysiological characteristics is hardly related to the population density (RS -0.18-0.15). At the same time the greatest contribution was demonstrated by complex of economic factors and environmental pollution (RS up to -0.29 for both). The relationships between functional indicators of cardiovascular system and economic status of the region, associated demographic factors, and indicators of air pollution were established in the surveyed cities. In overall, the results suggest that cardiovascular system is the most susceptible area to influence of city-level social economic factors and demonstrates deterioration of functional indicators under economic decline at the regional level. In other morphophysiological systems, adaptive changes were established only as tendencies. The deterioration conditions of human body systems under impact of urban environment factors is evident in some cities. The observed deterioration potentially can adversely affect health during growth and will further be aggravated by ongoing negative environmental influences. In this regard, it is necessary to enhance knowledge about impact of external influences on human health and body systems to develop directed preventive measures improving quality of life.

Effects of different tillage on morpho-physiological traits of dryland chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The study of different types of tillage can be effective in promoting conservation agriculture for chickpea cultivation. The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of different soil management (reduced tillage (RT), no-tillage (NT), and conventional tillage (CT)) on morpho-physiological characteristics of chickpea in a complete randomized block design field experiment with three replications during the 2017–2019 cropping seasons. In this experiment effects of soil management on mycorrhizal colonization and sporulation, rhizobium nodules, relative leaf water content, leaf area index, chlorophyll and carotenoids, chlorophyll fluorescence, canopy temperature, enzymes, proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, leaf soluble proteins, carbohydrates, and leaf P and N content were investigated in early grain filling were evaluated. The highest activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (0.066 U/mg−1Protein min−1), peroxidase (1.22 U/mg−1Protein min−1), and superoxide dismutase (0.69 U/mg−1Protein min−1) were observed in the plants grown under CT practice, while the lowest were observed under NT system. In NT, the lowest amounts of malondialdehyde and carotenoids were retrieved compared to the conventional tillage. CT determined a reduction in chlorophyll in leaves compared to RT (13 %) and NT (36.2 %), respectively. The highest rate of canopy temperature depression occurred in no-tillage system. The highest remobilization from stems to seeds was respectively obtained from conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage treatments. In no-tillage, leaf area index, quantum efficiency of PSII (chlorophyll fluorescence), relative water content, leaf nitrogen, and leaf phosphorus increased compared to reduced tillage and conventional tillage, respectively. The rate of colonization and sporulation of mycorrhizal fungi and the number of rhizobium nodules significantly increased under NT compared to RT and CT systems. The results in this experiment showed that the NT system improved relative leaf water content, reduced antioxidant enzymes, and positive effects on measured morpho-physiological traits increased the yield and stability of chickpea compared to RT and CT systems under rainfed conditions.

The Diversity of Agronomic Characteristics of Several Local Aceh Rice Germplasm

To accelerate the target of national food self-sufficiency, especially rice, the development of upland rice that has high yields and is adaptive to extreme environments is needed. Fulfillment of high-yielding characteristics begins with characterization and selection to get the most adaptive varieties. This study aims to identify the morpho-physiological characteristics of Aceh rice germplasm. The study was conducted in Gampong Paloh Lada and at the Agroecotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara Regency, and at the Biology Laboratory in Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from April to August 2022. This research used a Randomized Block Design non Factorial, comprising 7 local inbreds viz., Unsyiah Cakep (G1), Unsyiah Seumeulu (G2), Cot Bada (G3), Sigunca (G4), Sigupai (G5), Cot Bada (G6) and Rajasa (G7). The parameters measured were growth and yield variables consisting of plant height, number of tillers, flowering age, leaf proline content, root length, shoot-root ratio, number of grains, and weight of 1000 grains. The results indicated that the local germplasm Sigunca and Sigupai have good adaptability by adjusting plant height and forming more tillers than other germplasm. In terms of generative growth, Unsyiah Mantap and Cot Bada are entering generative growth more quickly, as marked by the appearance of flowers. The proline content as an indicator of resistance to water limitations was achieved at the highest level in Unsyiah Cakap at 5 g/mol, followed by Unsyiah Mantap at 3 g/mol.

Porta-enxerto de cajueiro anão tolerante à salinidade tem melhor homeostase iônica e desempenho morfofisiológico de mudas

ABSTRACT Considering the cashew tree’s relevance and the limitations imposed by salinity stress in semi-arid regions, the use of alternatives capable of mitigating the harmful effects due to salinity is of great importance to the production sector. The use of grafted plants, especially with rootstock made of tolerant materials, influences the accumulation of toxic ions in leaves of grafted seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate morphophysiological characteristics and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 of combinations of scion and rootstock of early dwarf cashew, contrasting in terms of salinity tolerance. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replicates, in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four dwarf cashew scion/rootstock combinations (self-graft CCP 09, CCP 09/CCP 76, self-graft CCP 76, and CCP 76/CCP 09) and three NaCl concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mM L-1). Height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry matter, tolerance index and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 were evaluated after 30 days of application of NaCl concentrations. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 showed tolerance to 50 mM L-1, due to the increase of leaf area and number of leaves. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 was more suitable, as it kept the leaf K+ concentration and had the lowest Na+ concentration.

Agronomic, Physicochemical, Aromatic and Sensory Characterization of Four Sweet Cherry Accessions of the Campania Region.

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are greatly appreciated fruits worldwide due to their taste, color, nutritional value, and beneficial health effects. The characterization of autochthonous germplasm allows to identify genotypes that possess superior characteristics compared to standard cultivars. In this work, four accessions of sweet cherry from the Campania region (Limoncella, Mulegnana Riccia, Mulegnana Nera and Montenero) were investigated for their morpho-physiological, qualitative, aromatic, and sensorial traits in comparison with two standard cultivars (Ferrovia and Lapins). A high variability in the pomological traits resulted among the samples. Montenero showed comparable fruit weight and titratable acidity to Ferrovia and Lapins, respectively. The highest total soluble solid content was detected in Mulegnana Riccia. A considerable variability in the skin and pulp color of the cherries was observed, varying from yellow-red in Limoncella to a dark red color in Montenero. Mulegnana Nera showed the highest content of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid compared to the standard cultivars. Volatile organic compounds profile analysis identified 34 volatile compounds, 12 of which were observed at different concentrations in all the sweet cherry genotypes while the others were genotype-dependent. Conservation and cultivation of autochthonous accessions with suitable nutritional and morpho-physiologic characteristics promotes our agrobiodiversity knowledge and allows to better plan future breeding programs.

Effects of Sodium Salinity on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivation: A Review

Sodium salinity negatively affects and reduces yields in international agricultural systems. This stress decreases crop growth and development, causing tissue death, flowering abortion, and senescence of the fertilized embryo, and negatively affects enzymatic activity, protein synthesis, among other processes. Rice is a cereal of great international demand for its nutritional properties and its productivity is affected by the presence of salts in agricultural surfaces. The objective of this article is to review the main effects of sodium salinity on morpho-physiological characteristics in rice cultivation. For the design and strategy of the information search, a methodology was followed to compile and summarize the existing studies on the effects of sodium salinity on this crop. The results of this search showed that sodium salts cause poor root growth, chlorosis, leaf curling and leaf scorching in this cereal; it also induces stomatal closure, inhibits photosynthesis, alters cell metabolism, causes oxidative stress in the crop, influences spikelet sterility and grain yield, among other effects.

As práticas de cultivo do solo e inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense afetam a performance de genótipos de milho?

ABSTRACT One of the bottlenecks for maize (Zea mays L.) production is the need for a large supply of nitrogen fertilizers, which burdens farmers. A solution to this problem is the use of proteobacteria Azospirillum brasilense as an inoculant. However, experimental results regarding this inoculant vary depending, for instance, on the soil cultivation practices used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on morphophysiological characters and yield characteristics of three maize genotypes in two off-season cultivated in no-tillage system (NT). Fallow soil (FS) was used as control. The results showed that soil cultivation had a significant effect on morphophysiological and productivity parameters compared to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. There were no distinct morphophysiological differences among the treatments. FS (inoculated or not) was more closely related to productivity parameters (grain yield-YI, weight of 100 seeds-100SW, plant height-PH and number of leaves-NL) than NT in both off-seasons. Among the hybrids, Dekalb 255 PRO3 (DKB 255) showed the highest YI and 100SW. Thus, this hybrid was considered well-adapted to off-seasons in western Paraná, Brazil. The inoculation effect was practically null and did not influence the estimated productivity of the different chosen hybrids.

A comparative study on salt stress response of Camelina sativa and Carthamus tinctorius during germination

Soil salinization is one of the most significant global problems, leading to reduced agricultural productivity potential and biodiversity. The main salt commonly found on the surface of soils and in water is NaCl, which directly impacts plant growth and land degradation. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the morpho-physiological characteristics of two genotypes of Camelina sativa (?NS Slatka?; ?NS Zlatka?) and two genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius (?NS Lana?; ?NS Una?), which potentially characterize them as salt-tolerant crops. The levels of salinity tolerance were compared under five NaCl treatments, ranging from 0 mM to 200 mM. Based on the obtained results, seeds of all four genotypes germinated at the highest salt concentration (200mM NaCl), but the germination percentage declined at all salt concentrations. Moreover, lower salt concentrations induced root elongation and reduced shoot length of seedlings of all four genotypes. Salt stress tolerance indexes showed the importance of converting the plant parameters into mathematical indexes, and the significance of comparing all the tolerance indexes according to salt stress.

The influence of the spectral composition of light on the morphophysiological characteristics of red-leaved basil in hydroponic culture

In this work, morphophysiological reactions to the use of LED-based lamps as a radiation source when grown in an artificial climate on a hydroponic installation are studied using the example of basil plants. Basil plants were grown to technological ripeness. In the experimental samples, the indicators of the accumulation of raw and dry biomass, the area of the leaf surface, etc. were determined. It was found that basil plants can be grown to the stage of technological ripeness in an artificial climate based on light-emitting diodes.

Psychotropic endophytes of cereals as potential bioagents

Creating new biopesticides for protecting agricultural crops and developing their application methods, which are among the priority areas of the agro-industrial complex, are inextricably linked with continuous observation of soil microbiocenosis, growing plants, and changes in agro-climatic conditions in a specific region. Plant endophytes are potentially active bioagents for creating new microbiological preparations for protecting winter crops, as well as agricultural produce during its storage period. In connection with this, the morphophysiological characteristics of six isolates of endophytic bacteria, isolated at low temperatures from winter cereal plants, were studied. The species affiliation of the strains was determined - five isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas and one to the genus Chryseobacterium. An assessment of the antagonistic activity of endophytes in relation to phytopathogens causing rot of agricultural produce was conducted.

Physiological Response of Selected Rice Accessions to Salinity and In Silico Analysis of DREB1A Gene Among Diploid Oryza Species

The responses of selected rice accessions to variant salt concentrations and in-silico analysis of DREB1A gene among diploid Oryza species were evaluated. Ten (10) rice accessions were selected based on their popularity in farmer's fields. Seedlings of each variety (one per pot) were watered with variant salt concentrations of 0mM, 100mM and 200mM for 21 days. The morpho-physiological characters (plant height, number of tillers, root length and dry weight) were evaluated using a standard evaluation system for rice. The reference sequences of OsDREB1A and AtDREB1A were used as queries to search against the 10 diploid Oryza species in the BLASTN of the PlantEnsembl database to reveal DREB1A orthologs. The retrieved DREB1A orthologs were used to compute the physicochemical properties of their proteins, gene motifs, intron-exon architecture and phylogenetic relationship. The studied accessions showed significant differences (p<0.05) in morpho-physiological responses to salinity. The accessions Zaqama, Yar-Garnaki, Yar-Yuti, Samira and Chana-Beru performed better under salt stress and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the control and salt-treated groups. Additionally, the in-silico analysis of DREB1A gene identified 10 orthologs with conserved single transcript, AP2 domain and unstable protein (characteristics of TFs) across the 10 diploid Oryza species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 3 clusters of African rice and its progenitor, Asian rice and their relatives and O. brachyantha/O. punctata complex, similar to the evolution of rice species. Conclusively, salt stress affects rice in a concentration-dependent manner and DREB1A gene is a conserved plant transcription factor (TF) across diploid Oryza species.

Оценка загрязнения древесины и коры дуба 137Cs в зоне отчуждения Чернобыльской атомной электростанции

The results of studying the 137Cs contamination of English oak (Quercus robur L.) trunks in high-aged oak forests in the most radioactive polluted part of the Polesye State Radiation-Ecological Reserve territory located in the evacuation (exclusion) zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant are presented. The features of modern surface contamination soil by 137Cs in oak forest stands have been established, the factors that caused them have been identified: removal of research objects from the release site and conditions for deposition of radioactive fallout, as well as vertical redistribution of radionuclide in the soil over the time since the accident. The density of 137Cs soil contamination varies by types of oak forest. The current indicators of 137Cs accumulation in wood, bark and oak trunks, their changes by forest types, the relationship with the density of soil pollution and the distance to the disaster site are determined. A 2-3-fold excess of 137Cs oak bark contamination was found in comparison with wood, which is due to their morpho-physiological characteristics. Over the past 25 years, the wood and bark proportions of the relative contributions to the specific activity of 137Cs of the oak trunks have changed significantly. The decrease in the contribution of the bark to the specific activity of 137Cs in the trunk is due to a slowdown in the entry of radionuclide into it. The 137Cs distribution in oak wood by classes of growth and development of trees by Craft is shown. It was found that the average values of the radionuclide specific activity in standing and lying deadwood are 25-28 % lower than in the wood of living trees. The tendency of decreasing of 137Cs concentration in oak wood from the periphery to the center of the trunk has been confirmed. As of 2021, according to the sanitary standard of the Republic of Belarus for the content of 137Cs 1480 Bq kg-1, harvesting of oak wood could be allowed in 84 % of the surveyed stands, oak trunks with bark - in 72 %. The standard of 740 Bq kg-1 corresponded to oak wood in bark and without bark in 32 % of forest stands.

Evaluation of the optimum threshold of gamma-ray for inducing mutation on Polianthes tuberosa cv. double and analysis of genetic variation with RAPD marker

Purpose This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on morpho-physiological characteristics and molecular-induced variations in Polianthes tuberosa L. Methods Experiments were designed according to a completely randomized design with eight different gamma-ray doses (0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 Gy) via a source of cobalt-60 with three replications. Some morpho-physiological characteristics of tuberoses were screened and evaluated at the end of the flower growth and development phases. The RAPD-PCR molecular marker technique was further used to identify the mutants of phenotypic variation flowers. Results Results indicated that the effect of different levels of γ-rays on some morphological and physiological traits was significant as the gamma-ray level was increased up to 50 Gy. The doses higher than 50 Gy were found to cause stand or no growth. The 50 Gy gamma irradiation reduced germination by 70.59%, germination rate by 66.36%, dry weight by 88.15%, fresh weight by 87.41%, flowering stem height (cm) by 69.22%, leaf area (cm2) by 57.35%, leaf number by 34.41%, chlorophyll content (mg g−1 FW) by 44.79%, number of florets by 92.57%, spike height (cm) by 27.80%, bulblet number by 32.57%, and bulblet diameter (mm) by 30.21%. On the contrary, gamma radiation at 50 Gy increased relative water content (%) and electrolyte leakage (ds m−1) by 41.27 and 237.65%, respectively. The results also showed that bulbs treated with 20 Gy gamma ray had the highest germination percentage and dry weight. The RAPD analysis indicated that among 10 primers tested, nine primers showed clear bands as the highest number of amplified fragments (90) was related to the OPM13 primer and the lowest number (40) to the OPM10 primer. However, the DNA polymorphism was dose-dependent. Conclusion Overall results showed that although the plant morphology was changed with gamma-ray level, no changes occurred in tuberose color.

Baru (Dipteryx alata Voug.), the Brazilian savanna’s brown gold: A scientometric analysis of investigative trend

This work is a scientometric analysis of articles published in journals related to the subject “Dipteryx alata, Baru and Brazilian savanna” in its main area of occurrence, the Brazilian savanna biome. The proposal was to draw a scientometric profile related to the aforementioned topic, which is a key species with enormous potential for socio-environmental development, presenting the panorama of the state of knowledge and the main areas of research until the year 2021. A total of 205 articles that had baru as the focus of the study were found, having been published in 114 journals between 1988 and 2021. The area of biotechnology had the greatest representation, followed by ecology. In the area of biotechnology, research had different approaches, such as the nutritional part of the development of new products for the industry, highlighting the importance and plasticity for the use of the species, as a potential product for socio-environmental development, and for some communities, mainly those formed by small family units, it is an important element in complementing the source of income. Another important point of the species is its potential use for the recovery of degraded areas, due to its morphophysiological characteristics, which, in addition to helping in sustainable production and productivity, have a broad, complex and highly important ecological relationship to the Brazilian savanna ecosystem.