Morphemic Structure Research Articles

Акустический мутагенез в современном кабардинском языке

The article touches upon controversial issues of Adyghe etymology and semantics, as well as his-torical phonetics, concerning the nature and structure of root morphemes, which have not been comprehensively resolved to date. The existing approaches to the study of root morphemes, which have received their coverage in the works of scientists such as M.A. Kumakhov, A.K. Shagirov, N.R. Ivanokov, N.F. Yakovlev, do not seem to be definite and require clarification. This paper of-fers a different view of the problem raised and its original solution from the existing approaches. The root morphemes considered in the work, grammaticalized in diachrony, in the course of the presented etymological and semantic analysis, reveal traces of acoustic and semantic mutagenesis, which generally affects the further development of the lexical system of the language. For the first time, the term acoustic mutagenesis was introduced into scientific circulation, by which we mean the mutation of sounds in modern Adyghe and Kabardian languages while maintaining the same meaning or close to the original meaning. In the course of semantic evolution, the loss of one se-mantic meaning in the root element does not entail its consolidation in the structure of lexical in-novations, its clear state in a situation of preposition or postposition. Root morphemes, distin-guished in modern language as affixes, were at the same hierarchical level in the proto-language, and their position in the preposition only indicates their attachment to the rest of the root ele-ments, the position in the postposition indicates the opposite.

PRINCIPLES OF COMPILING A GERMAN-UKRAINIAN DICTIONARY OF PARONYMS

This article addresses the principles of selecting paronyms and the methodology for compiling an electronic German-Ukrainian dictionary of paronyms using a corpus-based approach and systematic analysis to identify similarities and differences in the use of paronyms in speech. The author presents a concept of paronymy as a systemic phenomenon involving etymologically related words with similar morphemic structures but different meanings. By conducting a comparative analysis of collocations, the study identified 1,836 paronyms organized into paronymic series, each comprising two to nine components. The article examines existing dictionaries of paronyms and highlights their lexicographic shortcomings, such as excessive normative/prescriptive orientation, inadequate development of dictionary entries from both linguistic and didactic perspectives, and a lack of rigorous evaluations of modern data to inform dictionary compilation. The ideal paronym dictionary should rely on corpus data, providing reliable information with generalizations about individual word uses within conventionalized language usage. Corpus-based tools, such as those used for contrasting near-synonyms, systematically identify similarities and differences between paronyms in a contrastive manner. This process determines the degree of semantic closeness among expressions with similar contextual usage by comparing their immediate collocational patterns. The recorded semantic closeness or distance between paronyms is based on their contextual overlap in usage. The lexicographic processing of the selected paronyms was carried out with TshwaneLex, a computer-based dictionary creation software that allows lexicographers to develop dictionaries for any language without requiring advanced IT skills. TshwaneLex offers various features such as automatic cross-reference tracking, advanced dictionary comparison/merge functionality, and support for all world languages through full Unicode compatibility. The lemma editing process uses a tree-based interface to represent the hierarchical structure of the lemma, including different meanings, submeanings, word formations, multi-word units, examples of usage, cross-references, and more. Furthermore, the input/output architecture is designed to support the development of additional interfaces for various data sources as add-ons or plug-ins, facilitating other output formats. The article notes that a PHP-based software module is currently available for hosting the TshwaneLex dictionary on the internet, providing an accessible platform for electronic dictionary publication.

The Structure of Language Units in Rootword Niches of the Kipchak Group of Turkic Languages

This paper interrogates the structure of language units in rootword niches of the Kipchak group of Turkic languages and, for this purpose, tackles several facts. Generally, scholars have not properly settled the initial structure of the root morphemes in Turkic languages, making it one of the most controversial issues in related literature. Linguists, especially Turkologists, agree that the structure of word roots in agglutinative languages is more clear and transparent than that of fusional or inflected languages. When determining the structure of word roots in the Kipchak group of Turkic languages, it is necessary to consider the semantic features of the word along with its phonological and morphonological properties, which sometimes receive no attention. After considering all scientific debates and disagreements related to this topic, the paper concludes that the development of the semantic structure of word roots in Turkic languages has been from general to specific, from abstract to concrete. We have explained the issues related to this claim using examples.

Phonation types and morpho-phonological structure as linguistic prerequisites of tonogenesis

This paper provides a systematic account of tonogenesis. The emergence of tone is a process of pitch upgrading from an accompanying feature of phonation types to a distinctive feature. It involves three linguistic processes: various phonation types, clear, breathy, falsetto, etc., which intrinsically induce pitch differences; sonorous monosyllabic morpheme structure that enhances the pitch differences; and phonologization, which conceptualizes the enhanced pitch differences to a phonological category, tone. A flowchart is designed to show how the preconditions lead to different phono morphological types of the world’s languages and finally output tone and its later development Furthermore, the geographic distributions and ecological constraints of non-modal voices and tone are explored

Phonological Variation in Hawrami subDialect of Kurdish Language

This paper is entitled (Phonological Changes in Hawrami Dialect (A Current Descriptive Study)). It is to identify the phonological changes that occur in the sounds of everyday words and terms of speakers of different classes of this dialect, in the different environments of their appearance in the structure of morphemes and words. It also identifies the characteristics and causes of these changes and analyzes the laws that occur in these sound changes. With the classification of the types of changes and the most important structural changes, such as compatibility (complete and incomplete), incompatibility, fall, sound formation, sound change, displacement, sound separation. Also point out the causes of their occurrence such as (gravey noise, obesity, bilibials, palatal, vocal cords and place of articulation, etc). with their place of articulation at the beginning or middle or end of words and their classification into consonants and vowels.In addition to the introduction, conclusions and sources, the research is divided into two parts: the first part consists of phonology and phonemes, rules of sentence structure, characteristics and causes of phonological changes. The second section discusses phonological changes and their types and identifies structural changes.

Morphosyntactic analysis of surigaonun: “Martsa Surigao”

This paper argued that Surigaonun morphosyntactic linearity is revealed in the textuality of Ellen Amores’ “Martsa Surigao”. The knowledge of the structure of Surigaonun language plays significant role in language learning, comprehension, formation of phrases, clauses and sentences, and effective communication using the language. Surigaonun language has no established pedagogic grammar, and there is no research conducted yet on the morphology and syntax of Surigaonun language using textuality. This study aimed to describe the morphosyntactic characteristics of Surigaonun language by analyzing the text “Martsa Surigao” to generate linguistic data on the Surigaonun word structure, the very basis for the morphemic structure of the words, which make up the constituents of the sentence. This qualitative research used the discourse analysis. Specifically, it focused on raw data idealization, morphological analysis, and syntactic analysis on immediate constituents and rewrite rules for each syntactic unit. The linear morphologic segmentation of morphemic contents of “Martsa Surigao” reveals 39 lexical phonemes of 13 simple forms and 26 complex forms; 21 grammatical morphemes of 4 prepositions, 9 pronouns, 5 conjunctions, and 3 determiners. The linear structuration of the textuality in idealized syntactic units reveals 12 simple sentences, 1 compound sentence, and 1 complex sentence according to form. Syntactically, Surigaonun sentences always begin with the predicate and end with the subject as their natural sentence patterning. Sentences are introduced by noun predicates, adjective predicates, adverb predicates, prepositional phrase predicates, intransitive verb predicates and transitive verb predicates. Therefore, the text reveals the morphosyntactic segmentation linearity in its textuality.

СПОСОБИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНИХ ОДИНИЦЬ У СВІТЛІ ПРАЦЬ ІВАНА ОГІЄНКА

In the article Ivan Ohiienko’s views on changes in phraseological units in speech have been analyzed and the scientist’s practical approaches to their recording in sci-entifi c works and dictionaries have been studied. The signifi cance of the linguist’s works for further research into non-derivative and derivational transformations of phraseological units has been emphasized. The relevance of the study is due to its appeal to the problem of phraseological units’ transformation, popular in linguistics, and the need to highlight the role of Ivan Ohiienko’s works in the formation of this area of linguistics, and to confi rm the thoroughness of his approach to the linguistic phenomena under consideration.On the basis of a «broad» view on phraseology, we consider fusion, unity, phrase-ological connection and phraseological expression (proverb, saying, aphorism, catch-phrase, etc.) to be a phraseological unit. Phraseologisms – non-uniform, relatively stable linguistic signs – can change and transform in speech. Among the transforma-tions we distinguish non-derivative and derivative ones.Non-derivative ones concern only the formal side of a phraseological unit or lead to such a modifi cation of the meaning in which the unit remains recognizable and understandable. These are grammatical transformations of one or all components, determined by its (their) morphological properties; rearrangement of components; freedom to use prepositions; replacing a component with a synonym word or replac-ing an obsolete word with a literary one; playing with the morphemic structure of the component in a wide semantic range; expansion of the component composition due to words that clarify the phraseological meaning is emphasized by its elements.As a result of derivational transformations, either a new phraseological unit or a new word is formed from it, or the phraseological unit is lost and transformed into a free combination of words. Ivan Ohiienko was perhaps the fi rst to draw attention to the possibility of «collapsing» a phraseological unit into a word while preserving phraseological semantics through affi x word formation; described the phenomenon of semantic condensation of the idiom content in one component without its affi xation; recorded compound words formed from phraseological units; described the replace-ment of a component resulting in a new unit; negatively assessed the mechanical tracing of foreign language units, which makes the language incomprehensible to the people due to the loss of phraseological image (dephraseologicalization of units).So it can be stated that long before the appearance of special works on phraseo-logical transformation, Ivan Ohiienko outlined the main approaches to fi xing and as-sessing speech changes in Ukrainian phraseological units, and laid the foundation for further research on their nature and range.

Repair and Drift in Austronesian Languages: Avoidance of Dissimilar Labials as the Onsets of Successive Syllables

Abstract: From the time of their earliest reconstructable ancestor, Austronesian languages have avoided morphemes that allow dissimilar labials as the onsets of successive syllables. What is of interest to phonologists is that this inherited morpheme structure constraint continues to hold on the word level in many (but not all) daughter languages. As a result of the extension of phonotactic restrictions from the level of the morpheme to the level of the word, lexical bases that are affixed in ways that violate this constraint show various repairs aimed at removing a marked sequence, most commonly one in which a labial-initial base drops the initial syllable when infixed with -um -. The range of attested repair options is surveyed in relation to claims made in earlier analyses, additional support is given for previously-recognized repairs, and two new functionally-equivalent avoidance strategies are described. Finally, although the most common repair option (pseudo nasal substitution) may be inherited from Proto-Austronesian, other structurally-distinct but functionally-equivalent repairs apparently constitute a drift, namely a product of the continued operation of inherited structural pressures after language separation, a type of change that can be viewed as the diachronic counterpart of a synchronic conspiracy.

Carport and carpet: Effects of compound and pseudocompound word structures on typing.

Typing slows at the middle of the word. The exact nature of the slowdown is still disputed. Research on attentional and motoric effects in typing suggests that the slowdown is purely a function of chunking of letters in creating the motor output; this approach posits no further influence of linguistic information during output. Research from a psycholinguistic perspective does posit lexical and sublexical effects during output and explains the midword slowing as a function of slowdowns at the boundaries of sublexical units. Across four experiments, using three different typing tasks, we investigated the typing of compound (schoolteacher) and pseudocompound (carpet) words. Typing at the midword region is sensitive to the morphological structure of the word and to linguistic properties of the word and its (pseudo)constituents (e.g., linguistic information about school and teacher affects schoolteacher, and car and pet affects carpet). These findings suggest that typing compounds involves a hierarchical plan consisting of two separate motor plans for each constituent executed sequentially such that the output of letters is sensitive to the number of letters within that plan, the position of the sequence in the hierarchy (e.g., first vs. second constituent), and the morphemic structure of the to-be-typed word. Surprisingly, given that pseudocompound lexical representations should not include the pseudoconstituents and given that our tasks in the first three experiments demand full access to the lexical representation before typing, pseudocompound typing is also sensitive to the pseudoconstituent characteristics, suggesting that, during typing, the system attempts to build a compound-like structure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Morpheme Structure Constraints Solve Three Puzzles for Theories of Blocking in Nonderived Environments

In nonderived environment blocking (NDEB), a phonological process applies across morpheme boundaries or morpheme-internally when fed by another phonological process but is otherwise blocked. I present a theory of NDEB that attributes blocking to an interaction between morpheme structure constraints (which constrain possible underlying representations in the lexicon) and the usual phonological mapping from underlying to surface forms. The theory has some unusual aspects that make it conceptually suspicious, but I will argue that it receives empirical support. Using several case studies, I discuss three puzzles for theories of NDEB previously proposed in the literature, including the Strict Cycle Condition (Mascarό 1976), Kiparsky’s (1993) theory of underspecification, Sequential Faithfulness (Burzio 2000), Colored Containment (Van Oostendorp 2007), and Optimal Interleaving with Candidate Chains (Wolf 2008). I show that none of those theories can deal with all three puzzles and that the proposed theory with morpheme structure constraints succeeds. This result supports a dual-component architecture of phonology (as in Chomsky and Halle 1968) over architectures that eliminate language-specific morpheme structure constraints (i.e., the principle of Richness of the Base in Optimality Theory).

English derived word recognition by Chinese‐English bilinguals: Testing the nature and time course of the component processes

ABSTRACT Research utilizing morphological priming has found that L2 speakers show facilitation from derived L2 primes, which could suggest morphological processing during derived L2 word recognition. However, the process of L2 derived word recognition is still poorly understood, with some arguing that the observed priming effects may not be morphological in nature. The present study is a partial replication of Rastle et al. and its extension to L2 English processing. Its purpose is to contribute to our understanding of the nature and time course of L2 derived word recognition. Following Rastle et al., I employed visual priming methodology to explore the activation of morphological, pseudomorphological, orthographic, and semantic processes during a later, central-lexical stage of L2 English derived word recognition by Mandarin Chinese-English bilinguals. The results replicated Rastle et al.’s findings with L1 English speakers. The L2 speakers exhibited morphological effects distinguishable from effects of form overlap, suggesting that surface form overlap cannot explain L2 facilitation from derived primes. These same L2 speakers further showed pseudomorphological facilitation distinguishable from surface form effects, indicative of the operation of a purely morpho-orthographic process at the later stage of L2 English word recognition and further suggesting L2 sensitivity to morphemic structure that cannot be explained by semantic effects. Results further showed a similar graded pattern of activation of morphological, pseudomorphological, and form mechanisms in L2 and L1 speakers of English that appears to be temporally shifted between the two speaker populations. Implications for L2 word recognition theory are discussed.

WORK WITH REFERENCE SOURCES AS A COMPONENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS

The ability to use reference literature is an important component of the professional training of future philologists. Independent work on the Ukrainian language should instill in future specialists the ability to systematically supplement their knowledge, quickly and creatively navigate new information. Working with dictionaries and other sources of information contributes to the development of conviction in the correctness of grammatical forms, helps the teacher deepen the speaking skills and capabilities of students. The purpose of the article is to describe the methods of working with reference literature in the context of the formation of language and speech competences of philology students. This study used observational, descriptive, and generalization methods. In higher education institutions with the introduction of interactive methods in the teaching of linguistic disciplines, the student is at the center of the learning process, his opinion is treated with respect, and he is encouraged to be active. By forming lexicological and grammatical competences, the ability to edit texts, future philologists improve their sense of language, develop skills of conviction in the appropriate use of a word, turning to dictionaries to find out its meaning or correct grammatical form. The article draws attention to the importance of working with reference sources for the formation of professional competences of philologists. Different ways of using dictionaries and other reference information at different stages of classes during the development of language and speech competences of philology students are described. Working with a dictionary is effective if students are able to freely select language units that correspond to the speech intention. Working with reference literature teaches self-education, contributes to the formation of conviction in the reliability of facts. The formation of the need to use dictionaries is the result of the professional training of philology students, because the ability to search, process and analyze information from various sources is developed throughout the entire period of study.
 Keywords: reference sources; word meaning; dictionary article; lexicological; grammatical; speech competences; morpheme structure; morpheme analysis.

Internet Chat as ‘Jargon’

The process of net communication, which is internet dependent, takes place among millions of individual (private) or group of participants sharing the same room in order to comment, discuss, or pass time .While the communicators are of different countries, cultures, backgrounds, and languages they exchange their thoughts and linguistic messages throughout this experience which is termed as “Internet Chatting”.The researcher presents the definition of “Jargon” and “Chatting” in addition to the related terms .He submits the structure of morphemes / words, phrases , and sentences in chatting in addition to how the chatters manipulate parts of words, abbreviations, numerals, emoticons…etc. in order to carry out this experience. The researcher, after analyzing the presented examples in the obtained data, concludes that the chatting process can be regarded as a sort of ‘Jargon’. Thus the hypothesis of the study is affirmed.

Neural Correlates of Morphosyntactic Processing in Spanish-English Bilingual Children: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of early bilingual exposure on Spanish-English bilingual children's neural organization of English morphosyntactic structures. This study examines how children's age and language experiences are related to morphosyntactic processing at the neural level. Eighty-one children (ages 6-11 years) completed an auditory sentence judgment task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging. The measure tapped into children's processing of early-acquired (present progressive -ing) and later-acquired (past tense -ed and third-person singular -s) English morphosyntactic structures, the primary language of academic instruction. We observed effects of syntactic structure and age. Early-acquired morphemic structures elicited activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, while the later-acquired structures elicited additional activations in the left middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Younger children had a more distributed neural response, whereas older children had a more focal neural response. Finally, there was a trending association between children's English language use and left STG activation for later-acquired structures. The findings inform theories of language and brain development by highlighting the mechanisms by which age and language experiences influence bilingual children's neural architecture for morphosyntactic processing.

WORDBUILDING VARIATION OR SYNONYMY?
 (TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE SAME STEM DERIVATIVES WITH IDENTICAL SEMANTICS)

WORDBUILDING VARIATION OR SYNONYMY?
 (TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE SAME STEM DERIVATIVES WITH IDENTICAL SEMANTICS)

Spelling of verbs with suffixes -ova-(-eva-)/-iva-(-yva-) in terms of grammatical aspect

The article aims to reveal the relationship between the orthogram in the verbal suffixes -ova-(-eva-)/-iva- (-yva-) and aspectual varieties and inter-aspectual correlation of Russian verbs. Another objective is to provide additional recommendations for choosing the correct suffix spelling. The relevance of the topic is due to the challenge of fostering a culture of conscious literacy which the modern school faces. To examine the factual material, the research employed observation, morphemic and word-formation analysis, as well as comparative-contrastive analysis. The existing recommendations for selecting the correct spelling of the suffixes -ova-(-eva-)/-iva-(-yva-) are based on the formal relationship between verb stems. However, taking account of the fact that the suffixes under consideration can result in perfectivation and imperfectivation of verbs might help to resolve this spelling issue. The study does not include verbs with the stressed suffix -ova-(-eva), verbs with the morphs -irova-, -izirova- and the suffix -stvova- in the controversial cases as the variants *-iryva-, *-iziryva-, *-stvyva- are unacceptable. Perfective verbs, including bi-aspectual verbs, are also excluded since their structure cannot contain the suffix -iva-(-yva-). The article notes the following regularity: imperfective verbs with the suffix -ova-(-eva-) acquire the perfective aspectual meaning while performing the function of a derivational base. Verbs with the suffix -iva-(-yva-) acquire the imperfective aspectual meaning performing the function of a derived unit. The specific morphemic structure of derivational bases determined the absence of prefixes in imperfective verbs with the suffix -ova-(-eva-) and the regular presence of prefixes, including etymological ones, in verbs with the suffix -iva-(-yva-). Based on these patterns, the paper formulates additional recommendations for choosing the correct vowel in the suffixes -ova-(-eva-)/-iva-(-yva-). These guidelines could be useful in the practice of teaching the Russian language at school.

LaDEP: A large database of English pseudo-compounds

The Large Database of English Pseudo-compounds (LaDEP) contains nearly 7500 English words which mimic, but do not truly possess, a compound morphemic structure. These pseudo-compounds can be parsed into two free morpheme constituents (e.g., car-pet), but neither constituent functions as a morpheme within the overall word structure. The items were manually coded as pseudo-compounds, further coded for features related to their morphological structure (e.g., presence of multiple affixes, as in ruler-ship), and summarized using common psycholinguistic variables (e.g., length, frequency). This paper also presents an example analysis comparing the lexical decision response times between compound words, pseudo-compound words, and monomorphemic words. Pseudo-compounds and monomorphemic words did not differ in response time, and both groups had slower response times than compound words. This analysis replicates the facilitatory effect of compound constituents during lexical processing, and demonstrates the need to emphasize the pseudo-constituent structure of pseudo-compounds to parse their effects. Further applications of LaDEP include both psycholinguistic studies investigating the nature of human word processing or production and educational or clinical settings evaluating the impact of linguistic features on language learning and impairments. Overall, the items within LaDEP provide a varied and representative sample of the population of English pseudo-compounds which may be used to facilitate further research related to morphological decomposition, lexical access, meaning construction, orthographical influences, and much more.

Cebuano-Visayan Superbalita Select News Articles: A Morphosyntactic Analysis

The present study conducted an analysis of the morphosyntactic structures found in three specific news articles from the Cebuano-Visayan SuperBalita publication. The articles in question are titled "34 ka menor naluwas sa CCPO", "Signal Shutdown Sa Pasigarbo Sa Sugbo", and "Manindahay Sa Carbon Nabalaka Sa Grabi'ng Alkansi". The study aimed to address the following inquiries: the immediate constituents and rewrite rules of syntactic structures and the morphemic structures that comprise the content words within sentences of the news articles. The research employed a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing structural analysis. The frameworks of Corder's linear grammar and Pesirla's pedagogic grammar were employed, yielding the subsequent discoveries: The analysis of the three chosen textual samples revealed the presence of sixteen simple sentences, eleven complex sentences, and one compound sentence, specifically sentence 3, which was identified through its corresponding rewrite rules. The second problem's data unveiled the morphemic structures of content words, exhibiting a total of fifty nouns, fifty-eight verbs, five adjectives, and five adverbs. Most of the nouns present in the text are in their simple form, while three of them are compound nouns, namely uplan bulabug, minur di idad, and tunga’ng gabi. The prefix "ka" is employed in the formation of five complex nouns, namely kadagku-an, kagamhanan, kalihukan, kahigayuan, and kasumaran. On the other hand, the base words pama-agi and pasigarbu are utilized in the formation of the remaining two complex nouns, using the prefixes "pama" and "pasi". Most verb prefixes are observed to be bound morphemes, specifically "gi", "nag", "mag", "gipa", and "mu". The three chosen news articles from Cebuano-Visayan Superbalita exhibit the manifestation of morphosyntactic linearity, as indicated by the findings. Therefore, additional research on morphology and syntax may serve as a starting point for discourse that employs indigenous languages.

Adverbs Derived from Adjectival Present Participles in Polish, Slovak and Czech: A Comparative Corpus-Based Study

Abstract The paper investigates and compares the inventory of adverbs derived from adjectival present participles in the Polish, Slovak and Czech languages. The particularity of these adverbs is that they do not occur in every language, even if it concerns closely related languages. While in Polish and Slovak this type of adverbs is represented by hundreds of lemmas, in Czech it is almost not represented. The comparative analysis is carried out on the data retrieved from the comparable web corpora Aranea. The sets of adverbs extracted from the comparable corpora of the languages examined are analysed by the following criteria: the total number of the adverb lemmas in the corpus, their relative frequency (ipm), morphemic structure features, collocability preferences. The similarities and differences between the adverb sets are established. According to the corpus data, the adverbs derived from adjectival present participles are more widely used in Polish than in Slovak, and in Czech they are a rare phenomenon represented by a limited number of lemmas with a negligible frequency.

Morphemic structure of russian and belarusian adjective color names: general and specific

The article is devoted to the comparative study of the modern Russian and Belarusian languages at the morphemic level. It is proved that it is the contrastive study that makes it possible to reveal the features of the morphemic organization of the equivalent lexical units of the Russian and Belarusian languages, to clearly see the real degree of lexical coincidence and mismatch of closely related languages using the example of morphemic word structures. The article gives a classification of interlingual Russian and Belarusian adjective color correlates depending on the nature of their morphemic structure. The coincidence of both the structures themselves as a whole and individual morphemes, as well as their specific differences, which indicates the national specificity of each of the compared closely related languages. The conclusion is made about the importance of this type of research in solving an urgent problem in Russian linguistics – establishing the similarity and difference between two closely related languages at the morphemic level, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the ways of development of the word-formation systems of the Belarusian and Russian languages, the features of their correlation and interaction in the conditions of state bilingualism.