The first neurosurgical departments were created in the country in 1960, one in Rabat and one in Casa Blanca. These department werechaired by non-Moroccan neurosurgeons, and between 1960 and 1975, four local neurosurgeons would take over. After The firstMedical school in Morocco opened in Rabat in 1962, a training program in neurosurgery was set up in 1968. The first trained M oroccanneurosurgeons were very active and encourage the development of local training in Morocco with additional training in foreigncountries to increase the number of neurosurgeons and support the organization and promote neurosurgery in the country. They alsoconvinced health policymakers to include neurosurgery in the Moroccan health care system as a priority with an upgrade of thespecialty first in all university hospitals and then in all regional hospitals according to the needs. By supporting local t raining, Moroccoended up in 1998 with eighty native neurosurgeons while there were none in 1956, and with nine neurosurgical departments, four ofthese were inside University Hospitals and with a National Society of Neurosurgery, created in 1984 (1). Other medical and surgicalspecialties also developed in the same time as neurosurgery and ended up with a training program. Since then, the evolution ofMoroccan Neurosurgery has been continuous, rapid, and outstanding, and many advances have been achieved in the last two decades(1). Two significant events marked the evolution of Moroccan Neurosurgery in these previous two decades: