Moroccan Climate Research Articles

Enhancing Solar Radiation Forecasting in Diverse Moroccan Climate Zones: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models with Sugeno Integral Aggregation

Hourly solar radiation (SR) forecasting is a vital stage in the efficient deployment of solar energy management systems. Single and hybrid machine learning (ML) models have been predominantly applied for precise hourly SR predictions based on the pattern recognition of historical heterogeneous weather data. However, the integration of ML models has not been fully investigated in terms of overcoming irregularities in weather data that may degrade the forecasting accuracy. This study investigated a strategy that highlights interactions that may exist between aggregated prediction values. In the first investigation stage, a comparative analysis was conducted utilizing three different ML models including support vector machine (SVM) regression, long short-term memory (LSTM), and multilayer artificial neural networks (MLANN) to provide insights into their relative strengths and weaknesses for SR forecasting. The comparison showed the proposed LSTM model had the greatest contribution to the overall prediction of six different SR profiles from numerous sites in Morocco. To validate the stability of the proposed LSTM, Taylor diagrams, violin plots, and Kruskal–Wallis (KW) tests were also utilized to determine the robustness of the model’s performance. Secondly, the analysis found coupling the models outputs with aggregation techniques can significantly improve the forecasting accuracy. Accordingly, a novel aggerated model that integrates the forecasting outputs of LSTM, SVM, MLANN with Sugeno λ-measure and Sugeno integral named (SLSM) was proposed. The proposed SLSM provides spatially and temporary interactions of information that are characterized by uncertainty, emphasizing the importance of the aggregation function in mitigating irregularities associated with SR data and achieving an hourly time scale forecasting accuracy with improvement of 11.7 W/m2.

4E analysis of photovoltaic thermal collector-based tri-generation system with adsorption cooling: Annual simulation under Moroccan climate conditions

Using solar photovoltaic thermal technology for tri-generation systems has gained increased interest. However, there is a dearth of literature on the assessment of this solar system integrated with adsorption chiller from a holistic 4E perspective. Hence, energy, exergy, economic and environmental analyses are performed along with sustainability assessment in Moroccan regions.The results revealed that the solar tri-generation system exhibited a promising performance, especially in hot desert region, achieving an energy efficiency of 50.07% due to the high insolation. The exergy analysis proved superior energy production quality in cold Mediterranean region, with an exergy efficiency of 15 %. Economically, the system could be considered cost-effective with a levelized cost of production reaching $0.074/$0.059 per kWh and a discounted payback period of 17.31/15.12 years in cold Mediterranean/hot desert regions. Moreover, in hot desert region, the system could mitigate 3.46 tCO2/m2 of solar collector, while in cold Mediterranean region it exhibits the best sustainability index of 1.18 due to high-quality energy production.Overall, the paper emphasizes the need for further research and advancement of this technology for a sustainable environment. Besides, it aims to offer engineers and researchers valuable insights into the potential of photovoltaic thermal-based tri-generation systems, especially in the building sector.

Comparative field studies of biochemical and agro-physiological parameters in semi-arid zone with rainfall Moroccan climate of durum wheat

Durum wheat production is highly unpredictable throughout the year because of uncertain rainfall and frequent dry spells and it is absolutely necessary to characterize the impact of drought on grain yield. The objective in this research is to carry out a comparative analysis of biochemical and physiological responses and production parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum) in semi-arid zone with rainfall in Morocco's climates. Thirteen durum wheat genotypes selected at INRA-Morocco and three control varieties were evaluated under Moroccan rainfed conditions for two growing seasons (2019/20 and 2020/21). The INRA-Morocco-Douyet Fez experimental field site was where the trials were conducted (34°2 N, 5°W, 416 m). Different parameters were studied. Five physiological, four agronomical and one biochemical trait are measured in this study: leaf area, leaf temperature, relative water content, chlorophyll content, proline, yield and yield components. Decreased rainfall significantly increased proline content, leaf temperature and decreased leaf area, grain yield, chlorophyll and relative water content (P < 0.01). Based on these results, field-induced rainfall variations resulted in inconsistencies in the response of the assessed traits to drought-related interactions between both growing seasons (2020–2021) in order to identify stable, high-yielding genotypes in the presence and absence of rainfall, which requires a strong association of drought-related traits.

Capillary sorption, thermo physical characterizations and simulation study of an eco-friendly building material reinforced with Chamarrops humilis fibres

ABSTRACT This research introduces an environmentally friendly building material combining clay and Chamaerops humilis fibres, demonstrating substantial potential for enhancing thermal and energy efficiency in construction across diverse climates. The study aims to align construction materials with the heating and cooling requirements mandated by the Moroccan Thermal Building Regulations. Hygroscopic behaviour of the material was evaluated through experiments using gravimetric methods at varying temperatures and humidity levels. The assessment covered a wide air relative humidity range (5.72%–89.8%), enabling measurement of water absorption through capillarity. Thermal conductivity, density, and heat capacity were determined, critical for understanding the material’s thermal and energetic characteristics. Dynamic thermal simulations for a single thermal zone were performed to analyze the material’s impact on heating and cooling loads in different Moroccan climate zones: humid Agadir (zone 1), dry Marrakech (zone 5), and semi-arid Ouarzazate (zone 6). The analysis revealed substantial energy savings potential. The findings demonstrating comply with Moroccan Thermal Regulations, highlighting the efficacy of this composite material in meeting regulatory heating and cooling requirements.

Monitoring of submersible pumps using ESP32 microcontroller and photovoltaic panels

In this article, the Moroccan climate is currently undergoing several changes that have negatively affected agricultural activities, especially in the field of irrigation. That's why we relied on internet of things (IoT) technology to overcome these problems. In this article, we present the design and realization of an intelligent irrigation system via a solar submersible pump. We used the ESP32 microcontroller which reads the temperature and humidity values measured by the soil moisture sensor. The communication between the blocks is ensured by the radiofrequency module. We have implemented a Web server to monitor the measured quantities. The graphical representation of the data will be ensured using the ThingSpeak platform which makes it possible to store and collect the data coming from the sensors via the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). Our achievement was executed and tested without any problems detected, which shows that our smart irrigation study was very successful.

Cost and size optimization of hybrid solar and hydrogen subsystem using HomerPro software

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems have been considered as a suitable way to supply electricity. The hybrid energy (Solar-Wind-Storage-hydrogen-diesel) is increasingly used in various applications, especially at isolated sites. This study proposes the optimization and analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell/electrolyzer/hydrogen hybrid system (HS) to find out the optimal sizes and costs. In the first step, SAM software was used to estimate the global solar irradiance (GHI) for the studied area and to select the best PV, battery and fuel cell components. MATLAB software was handled to predict the power output of the renewable source (PV system) using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Then, simulation, optimization and techno-economic analysis were carried out in the second step with HomerPro software. Four proposed configurations are optimized in this work and different comparisons have been made regarding the found results. The results of the cost optimization were found to be 50861.21 $ and 0.95657 $ for NCP and COE, respectively. Moreover, the same HS configurations are simulated and optimized under Moroccan climate.

Energy-saving potential assessment of a classroom building envelope through sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization under different climate types

The present work aims to optimize the thermal behavior of a building envelope by combining sensitivity analysis (SA) and multi-objective optimization (MOO). An existing classroom located in Marrakech city was considered a case study building. The building model was analyzed under six Moroccan climate zones. The SA was applied on 16 design variables and performed using the Morris method implemented in the tool Simlab to rank each design variable based on its influence on the objective function (overall energy demand). The SA results showed that the solar absorptance of the internal roof, wall, and ground floor and the ground hollow core slab thickness impacted less the overall energy demand. Therefore, the only remaining variables showing the most relevant effect will be optimized afterward. The optimization phase was conducted by coupling the generic optimization tool GenOpt with TRNSYS. The optimum solution was selected based on the Pareto front approach. The obtained results assessed the effectiveness of the adopted methodological approach in significant minimization of the required thermal loads. Furthermore, the values of each optimum design variables set differ from one climate zone to another; leading to energy demand reduction varying from 30 to 42%, in comparison with the original design building.

Energy Assessment and Economic Study of Solar Floor Heating System in Different Climates in Morocco

Abstract Currently, the development of energy production projects in the building sector using alternative energy sources such as solar energy is growing rapidly. This increasing technological progress to achieve the needs of comfort and safety can be considered a major priority, particularly with concerns about energy shortages and current environmental issues threatening not only human well-being but ecosystems as well. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive model for enhancing the energetic performance of rural Moroccan houses, by exploring solar radiant heating systems. The evaluation of the solar floor heating system is carried out by trnsys to evidence the effect of various design parameters on performance indexes of the system concerning six Moroccan cities, which representatively correspond to the Moroccan climatic zoning. The examined analyses cover the effect of the collector area, storage tank volume, and mass flowrate in the solar loop and the building heating loop. Moreover, how the variation of thickness and piping material affect the performances was discussed as well. The major finding of this work is optimizing the system performance gives the possibility to meet adequately the heating load. The energetic analysis shows the system's adaptability to the Moroccan climate, whose solar fraction is around 65% and 87%. For most of the examined sites, it was observed that the demand for auxiliary energy is limited from October to May. The economic investigations revealed that payback periods of the examined system ranged between 7 and 13 years. Besides, the energy and economic outcomes of such systems in Morocco, they are capable to mitigate the huge amount of CO2 emissions as compared to conventional heating systems.

Effect of accelerated aging by temperature and moisture variation cycles on the durability of concrete

PurposeMorocco is facing climate change, as shown by national studies conducted to date. The purpose of our research work is, on one hand, to develop an experimental protocol; simulating the Moroccan climate, through exposing concretes to accelerated aging in different cycles of temperature variation (+5 to +40 C°) and humidity (60–98% RH) and on another hand, to determine the effect of exposure to temperature and humidity variation cycles on the durability indicators (of concrete [with and without thermal cure]).Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, three classes of concrete were studied (C35, C40 and C55). Each class of concrete was considered first with no addition of silica fume (SF) and then with a 10% addition of SF. The concrete samples underwent three types of conditioning before performing the tests. The control concretes (Ct) were demoulated after 24 h and stored under stable temperature and humidity conditions (20 ± 2 °C and 80% ± 5 RH). Treated concretes (CV) demouled after 24 h and exposed to 300 cycles of 12 h of temperature and moisture variation in a climate chamber. And finally, concretes that have undergone a heat cure (CTV) for 5 h at 90 °C, were then removed from the mold and exposed to temperature and moisture variations cycles identical to treated concrete (CV).FindingsThe results obtained show that aging accelerated by temperature change, and humidity improves durability indicators compared to Ct. Concretes that have undergone a thermal cure, followed by accelerated aging, show an improvement in durability indicators between 50 and 200 cycles, but the performance of concrete decreases after 200 exposure cycles. The addition of SF plays a beneficial role in the durability of concrete in the three exposure environments.Originality/valueThe originality of the work is, to develop an experimental protocol, simulating the Moroccan climate, through exposing concretes to accelerated aging in different cycles of temperature variation (+5 to +40 C°) and humidity (60–98% RH) and on another hand, to determine the effect of exposure to temperature and humidity variation cycles on the durability indicators of conventional concrete (with and without thermal cure).

Thickness optimization of exterior wall insulation for different climatic regions in Morocco

The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of climate on the economic and environmental parameters of a thermal insulation material based on recycled cardboard reinforced with date palm fibers. In addition, a comparative study between the studied material and three conventional thermal insulating materials was carried out. Based on the degree-day concept, the annual heating and cooling transmission loads were determined for six Moroccan climate zones. Then, by using a life cycle analysis, the optimal insulation thicknesses, energy savings and payback periods have been determined. The results obtained in this study show that the optimal insulation thicknesses increase with the increase in the total number of heating and cooling degree-days, which results in an increase in cost savings and a reduction in the payback period. Based on the climate of the regions studied and the type of insulation material, the optimal thickness value of the insulation materials studied ranges from 0.02 to 0.17 m. In addition, the savings are between 53.78 and 65.88 $/m2 and the payback period is between 1.28 and 2.94 years.

Evaluation of the stress frequency for the rational design of bituminous pavements in Morocco

The stress frequency (SF) is a parameter that influences the design of asphalt pavements. Indeed, the stiffness modulus of asphalt mixes varies according to the SF at a given temperature. The French rational method has defined a SF of 10 Hz adapted to the climatic conditions in metropolitan France, where the equivalent temperature (θE) is 15 °C. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency associated with the design of bituminous pavements in relation to the Moroccan climate, characterized by significant temperature variations, that lead to premature deterioration such as cracking and rutting, and cause a reduction in the service life of bituminous pavements. Calculations have made it possible to determine the design frequency of bituminous pavements for a θE of 25 °C, currently used in Morocco. In order to evaluate the influence of the SF choice on the design thickness of pavements, a parametric study was carried out that considered the viscoelastic behavior of bitumen and, consequently, of asphalt mix and refers to the French pavement design model using the Alizé LCPC software. According to the calculations made, the design frequencies determined for four pavement structures studied are 25 and 26 Hz. The choice of a SF value of 25 Hz, for example, makes it possible to optimize the thickness of the pavement structure to be built.

THE PROBLEM OF BUILDING HOTEL AND TOURIST COMPLEXES IN MOROCCO IN THE TRADITIONAL NATIONAL STYLE IN ORDER TO PRESERVE LOCAL TRADITIONS

This article examines the state of the hotel fund in Morocco and the capital of Rabat. The essence of the problem of the waking up of the hotel complexes in the territory of Morocco is different, which is connected with the national and traditional styles in the interconnected interior and the traditional decoration of the apartment complex. The relevance of the development of the basic principles of architec- tural and planning organizations and the air-space composition of the hotel and tourist complexes in the minds of the Moroccan climate of Morocco has been revised.&#x0D; It is worth looking at the future buddies of the hotel complexes and those in the minds of the practitioners. Practically necessary, the need to upraise the main national traditions and values ​​of the historical decline of Morocco. Also, in stats, important is the importance of developing regional standards for designing hotel complexes for the specialties of Morocco and the traditions of Morocco.&#x0D; As a result, it turned out that nowadays it’s been blown out of the ordinary mind with a touch of mass tourism in Morocco, which is simple, simple, well-planned and new hotel complexes. In order to make sure that everything was built like a system of spaciously connected architectural ensembles, it would be necessary to develop the basic principles of formulating the hotel complexes in the hot climate of Morocco. The principle of guilty responsibility and motherhood is fundamentally valuable and historically went into the middle of the storehouse, allowing you to save in the new complexes the independence of the Moroccan architecture.&#x0D; The important thing is that it’s a fact that now you are in the country of Morocco standing on the edge of the vibrant architecture and the traditional tradition. The country can be found in the near proximity to Europe, Morocco’s most private settlements, and it’s possible to speak to the populations, and along the streets of the city of Tangier it’s been a long time to go alone to Europe. Take note of the fact that zmushuє is to be thoughtful over tim, which should be beaten by the flurry and almost by the look of the traditional Moroccan form, ornamentation, coloristic series.

Artificial neural networks for global and direct solar irradiance forecasting: a case study

ABSTRACT The current study treats the prediction of the direct normal and the global horizontal irradiances (DNI and GHI) for five years measurements in Oujda city, Morocco. The prediction is performed by the mean of proposed and developed models based on the Artificial Neural Network method, which is the most common machine-learning algorithm today. The purpose of this research is to achieve more accurate daily and monthly GHI and DNI by using many combinations of a new calculated input; cloudy sky index (Cs ) with temperature (T), wind speed (WS), wind direction (WD), relative humidity (RH), diffuse, and global horizontal irradiances (DHI and GHI). Several models are developed by forming combinations according to the variation of the input number. These models are evaluated by different statistical tools: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (R2). For the DNI estimation, the most appropriate inputs were GHI, Cs , T, RH, WS, WD, and BP. Thus, the best performance is found at the monthly time scale to be −0.35%, 3.33%, 1.26%, and 0.98 for MBE, r-RMSE, MAPE and R2 respectively. The overall errors obtained for the best GHI prediction at the daily time scale are −0.0004%, 0.0099%, 0.0067% and 1 for MBE, r-RMSE, MAPE, and R2, respectively. The cloudy sky index has shown good accuracies for the estimation of GHI and DNI. Moreover, literature about the prediction of different solar irradiance components under Moroccan climate is reviewed in this work.

Energy saving potential of phase change materials-enhanced building envelope considering the six Moroccan climate zones

Phase change materials (PCMs) show a good capability in absorbing massive heat when undergoing phase change, which have great potential to be incorporated into building envelopes to enhance indoor thermal comfort by preventing heat penetration into buildings and reducing energy requirements. In this work, a deep analysis of PCM enhanced-walls model has been conducted in six representative climate regions of Morocco: El Jadida, Fez, Marrakesh, Ifrane, and Errachidia. More in detail, numerical simulations were carried out to assess the thermal behavior and energy performance of a residential building integrated with four different PCMs. The results showed that the effectiveness and selection of PCMs strongly depend on local weather where they are applied, characteristics of HVAC systems, PCM layer thickness, and position. Furthermore, with reference to each climate zone, the appropriate PCM leading to the lowest annual energy consumption was identified. The findings show that PCMs are particularly suitable for Mediterranean climates, which a promising annual energy saving of about 41% was obtained. While, the lowest value was recorded in Errachidia city reveals that the integration of PCM has little effect in desert climate zone. As for the other climates considered, values of about 28% to 31% were achieved in the studied house model.

Analysis of the yield and production cost of large-scale electrolytic hydrogen from different solar technologies and under several Moroccan climate zones

The objective of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the green hydrogen production by the mean of water electrolysis from different solar energy systems and under different climate conditions in Morocco. To this end, simulation of four solar power plants configurations -with a nominal capacity of 100 MWe from different technologies (fixed PV, 1 axis tracking PV, 2 axis tracking PV, and Stirling Dish) coupled with a PEM electrolyzer has been done. For the sake of precision, 3 years average of high quality meteorological data measured in-situ and at 5 different locations were used as simulation inputs. To have an idea about the potential of Morocco in the green hydrogen production market, we benchmarked the simulation results against the ones from Almeria, Spain and Stellenbosch, South Africa. Results show that for almost all sites, the 1 axis tracking PV system is the optimal technology -from techno-economic aspect-for green Hydrogen production in Morocco, even though the 2 axis tracking PV systems can generate the highest amounts of hydrogen (~4500 Tons/year), the fixed PV has the lowest LCOH2 (5.8 $/Kg) and the Stirling Dish is the most efficient one (~12%). Besides, Morocco can be considered as a very competitive country for green hydrogen production (especially for PV technology) with an LCOH2 of 5.57 $/Kg, against 5,96$/Kg in Southern Spain and 6,51$/Kg for south Africa.

One-year simulation of a solar wood dryer with glazed walls in a Moroccan climate

A one-year numerical simulation of a solar wood dryer with glazed walls in a Moroccan climate was developed. This simulation was used to predict detailed and temporal distributions of wood moisture content (MC) and to study the mechanisms and parameters involved in solar wood drying. Calculations were performed for thuya wood (Tetraclinis articulate), which is primarily used in marquetry in the city of Essaouira and is well-known for its aesthetic qualities. Comparisons between the theoretical results and both experimental data and the results reported in pertinent literature were also performed and the results obtained via computer simulation agreed well with the experimental values. Analyses of the studied wood revealed that 15 drying cycles could be achieved within a year for an air velocity of 1 m/s and that the drying process was faster during the hot seasons than in cold seasons (430 h vs. 600 hr). Continued ventilation reduced the drying time, thereby increasing the number of drying cycles (33 vs. 15). Additionally, increasing the air velocity by 100% resulted in more than a 100% increase in the number of drying cycles; doubling the air velocity for thicker boards also resulted in an increase in drying cycles (23 vs. 15).

Assessment of Morphological Traits and Fruit Metabolites in Eleven Fig Varieties (Ficus Carica L.)

ABSTRACT In the present study, morphological traits, organic acids, sugars, total phenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total anthocyanidins, antioxidant activity and color parameters such as lightness(L*), Chroma (c*) and hue angle (h°) were investigated in 11 local and introduced fig cultivars cultivated in Moroccan climate. Since only limited information on that topic is available in the literature, this study was performed in order to compare local clones with some of introduced varieties based on their morphological and biochemical attributes. Results showed highly significant differences among genotypes. The cultivar ‘Kadota’ had the most promising morphological traits. Reducing sugars levels were slightly similar among all cultivars. Thus, glucose varied from 5.55 ± 0.27 to 29.94 ± 0.81 g.kg−1 dw, while fructose amounts were in the range of 6.23 ± 0.28–28.15 ± 0.78 g.kg−1 dw. ‘Palmera’ exhibited the highest level of Malic acid (4.99 ± 0.2 g.kg−1). The latter was predominant in all cultivars. Total phenols, flavonoids and total anthocyanins were, generally, abundant in dark-colored cultivars, while total proanthocyanidins were dominant in light-colored ones. The local cultivars ‘Fassi’ and ‘Noukali’ contained the highest amounts of total phenols and total anthocyanins, respectively (524.74 ± 35.9mg GAE 100 g−1 dw and 23.77 ± 6.41 cyanidin-3-rutinoside/100 gdw). Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS) was, generally, higher in light-colored figs, while, ferric reducing ability (FRAP) was generally higher in dark skin-colored cultivars. The study confirmed the effectiveness of combining morphological and biochemical analyses in fig assessment and its use pre-breeding programs of the species in Morocco.

Modeling of a salt gradient solar pond under Moroccan climate taking into account double-diffusive convection

This study concerns a numerical investigation of the influence of Soret and Dufour effects on heat transfer and the amount of heat stored inside a salt gradient solar pond (SGSP) under meteorological conditions of Tangier (Morocco). This SGSP consists of a square cavity open and filled with saline water. The bottom and two lateral walls of this cavity are insulated and impermeable. The Navier-Stokes, thermal energy and diffusion equations are solved using a finite volume scheme and Gauss method. The link between pressure and velocity fields is assumed by the SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical code developed in FORTRAN 95 language was validated with numerical and experimental published works. Results show that Soret effects have not an effect on thermal performance of the SGSP compared to Dufour effect. This last one influences the temperature distribution inside the SGSP and causes a great reduction of the amount of heat stored.

Impact of insulation thicknesses of several types of thermal insulator on energy cost with respect to different climate zones in Morocco

In Morocco the thermal insulation of buildings envelop was not a common practice until it becomes obligatory since 2015 to meet the requirements of the Moroccan construction thermal regulation (RTCM) depending on six climate zones. The aim of this paper is to determine the optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and rock wool (RW) of walls constructed of brick for different Moroccan climate zones: Agadir (first zone), Tanger (second zone), Fes (third zone), Ifrane (fourth zone), Marrakech (fifth zone), Errachidia (sixth zone). A numerical model of a multilayered wall is developed to compute the annual heating and cooling loads. These loads are used as input to life cycle cost analysis using the energy and insulation costs. The liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity are used as energy source, respectively, for heating and cooling. For each case, the calculation is carried out for annual heating and cooling loads and total cost including insulation and energy costs. Results show that the optimum thermal insulation depends on climate zones and insulation types. The lowest value of energy savings is obtained for climate zone 1 which are 289.55 and 300.55 dh/m² respectively for EPS and RW.

Effect of accelerated ageing by cyclic variations of temperature and humidity on shrinkage of concretes

The objective of our research work is, on the one hand, to develop an experimental protocol to simulate the Moroccan climate, that we'll use to subject the studied concretes to accelerated ageing by exposure to cyclic variations of temperature (+5 to + 40 °C) and humidity (60 to 98% HRS). On the other hand, we aim to evaluate the impact of exposure to cyclic variations of temperature and humidity on concretes (with and without heat curing) behaviors in particular their shrinkage. For this purpose, three resistance classes of concrete were studied (C30, C40 and C60) without and with 10% silica Fume. Concrete samples were subjected to three types of conditioning prior to the tests. The reference concretes (Ct) were removed after 24 h and kept under stable temperature and humidity conditions (20 ± 2 °C and 80% ± 5 RH). Treated concretes (CV) were removed after 24 h and exposed to 300 cycles of 12 h of temperature and humidity variation in a climatic chamber. And finally, concretes that have undergone a heat cure (CTV) were maintained for 5 h at 90 °C, then exposed to the same temperature of the treated concrete (CV). The results obtained show that the accelerated ageing by cyclic variations of temperature and humidity resulted in a slight increase in shrinkage compared to the reference concretes. These differences were smoothed out after 300 cycles for C30 and C40 and after 200 cycles for C60. Slight shrinkage is recorded for concrete C60 with silica fume compared to concrete without it.