This was not always known but identification was early made by Greeks. Frege said that it was because two expressions, the morning star and the evening star, had same reference that (i) was true, and because these two had different senses that (i) was not a trivial thing to say. Frege's way of putting matter seems to invite objection that two expressions, the morning star and the evening star, do not refer to same thing. For first refers to planet Venus when seen in morning before sunrise. second phrase refers to same planet when it appears in heavens after sunset. Do they refer then to same thing? Is it, as Carnap says,' a matter of astronomical fact that they do? One wants to protest that it is a matter of linguistic fact that they do not. Perhaps Frege's view is better put if we think of two expressions as names, that is, The Star and The Star. Thus Quine,2 in repeating Frege's example but adding capital letters, speaks of expressions Evening Star and Morning Star as names. Quine would say that what astronomers had discovered was that