Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal Research Articles

Effect of dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens

A research was conducted with four weeks old mixed sex Arbor Acres strain of broiler chickens (n = 200) to study the effect of equi-protein replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) on carcass characteristics and meat quality potentials of broiler finishers. Five experimental diets were formulated in which the dietary SBM was partially replaced with MLM at 0, 12.50, 25, 37.50, and 50% graded levels to form T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Each treatment was allotted 40 birds with 10 birds per replicate to make up 4 replicates in a treatment. The experiment lasted for 28 days during which feed and water were offered without restrictions. At the end of the feeding trial, 2 birds per replicate were sacrificed after initial mechanical stunning to assess carcass and organ characteristics, skin and shank pigmentation and palatability of cooked meat. The weight of broiler prime cuts such as the thigh, breast and drum stick were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. Abdominal fat pad reduced significantly (p<0.05) with increased level of MLM supplementations in broilers’ diets. No significant (p>0.05) difference in the values recorded for cooking loss, however, in thaw loss, breast and drumstick recorded the highest (p<0.05) values of 15.48±1.81 and 4.05±0.78 in T1 respectively. Skin and shank pigmentation scores increased (p<0.05) with increased levels of dietary MLM but the general acceptability scores of boiled chicken meat revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference. The present results indicate that MLM replacing SBM in broiler diets can improve significantly (p<0.05) carcass yield and abdominal fat reduction. Skin and shank colouration improved (p<0.05) and no adverse effect was observed in various internal organs compared with birds on the control diet.

Dietary supplementation of Moringa leaf meal for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Effect on growth and stress indices

The current study investigated the effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MLM) on growth and stress indices of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Experimental fish (2.0 ± 0.5 g average body weight) were divided into two groups; one was fed with a diet not supplemented with MLM (control diet), and the other group was fed with a diet supplemented with 1.5% MLM (diet 2) for three-month period. The results showed that MLM incorporation in the diet improved growth indices (body mass gain, specific growth rate, length gain rate and feed conversion ratio) and somatic indices (spleen somatic index, hepatosomatic index and intestine somatic index). Moreover, all hematological indices were also significantly increased. Additionally, stress indices were significantly improved, including antioxidants; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lipid peroxidase; and biochemical indices including enzymes activities of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Transaminase, as well as glucose and cortisol concentrations. Also, markedly up-regulated the expression of related genes; Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes; in fish group fed diet supplemented with MFM as compared with the control group. These results show that MLM effectively alleviated starvation stress through retaining the enhanced growth and stress indices. In conclusion, Moringa supplementation to Nile tilapia has a positive effect as growth promoter and natural anti-stress phyto-therapy.

Growth performance of weaner rabbits fed dried Moringa oleifera leaf meal

An experiment was conducted to study growth performane of weaner rabbits fed dried Moringa oeifera leaf meal. Twenty weaner rabbits (New Zealand White breed) with an average live weight of 918.42 ± 6.84g were used to evaluate the growth performance, daily weight gain (DWG), feed convertion ratio (FCR), and income over feed cost (IOFC) of weaner rabbits fed diets containing graded levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MOLM) in diets. The study lasted for eight weeks.The rabbits were assigned into four treatment groups and five replicates consisting of four rabbits per group in a complete randomised design and fed four diets designated T0, T1, T2 and T3 with 0, 20, 40 and 60% MOLM, respectively. Result showed that the average of feed intake for each treatment T0; T1; T2 and T3 (g/head/day) were:104.96; 110.06; 109.34; 107.04, DWG (g/head/day):18.87; 22.35; 21.60; 21.5; FCR: 5.57; 4.95; 5.08; 5.06, and IOFC (Rp/head): 57,012.73; 73,197.77; 72,525.36; 74,435.32, respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that the utilization of MOLM in diets gaves not significantly different (P>0,05) on the productive performances of weaner rabbits. Utilization of MOLM can be used up to 60% on diets and increased income from diets of weaner rabbits.

Effect of including different levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal in the diet of finishing pigs: Performance, pork quality, fatty acid composition, and amino acid profile

A total of 144 cross-bred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with a similar initial weight (65.4 ± 1.03 kg) were used to investigate the effect of moringa leaf meal on growth performance, meat quality, fatty acid composition, and amino acid profile. The moringa leaf meal-inclusion rates were 0% (M0 or control), 3% (M3), 6% (M6) and 9% (M9). The results showed that supplementing moringa leaf meal significantly increased the daily weight gain of finishing pigs, but had a minor impact on pork quality indicators and the amino acid profile in the Longissimus dorsi. The fatty acid profile in the Longissimus dorsi was significantly modified when pigs were fed moringa leaf meal diets. The relative percentage of total unsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid was higher in the meat of pigs fed a 6% moringa leaf meal diet than in the meat of those receiving the control diet. In contrast, the percentage of total saturated fatty acids was lower in the meat of pigs fed the moringa leaf meal diets. Moreover, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio decreased with moringa leaf meal supplementation. Addition of the moringa supplement into the diet of pigs improved growth performance and modified pork fatty acid profile positively. The results suggest that moringa leaf meal could be used as a diet supplement for producing healthier pork.

Effect of graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens

Ninety-six (96) CHI broiler chickens aged 4 weeks were used to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters. The 96 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups, identified as T1, T2, T3 and T4. Each treatment group consisted of 24 birds replicated 3 times with 8 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four levels of Moringa leaf meal as treatments. The levels of Moringa leaf meal were 0.00%, 6.00%, 8.00% and 10.00%. Treatment one (T1) which contained no Moringa leaf meal served as the control. The birds in each treatment group were randomly assigned to Moringa leaf meal for 28 days. The birds were fed twice daily, morning and evening. Water was given ad libitum to the birds. The results showed that there were significant differences (P 0.05) among the treatment groups in initial body weight. The results further showed that there were significant differences (P 0.05) among the treatment groups. The results of this study indicate that Moringa oleifera leaf meal enhanced growth performance: weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, in the treated birds compared to the control group with the best result at 8.00% inclusion level. Feeding the birds with MOLM brought about changes in the serum biochemical parameters but without any deleterious effect on them.

Yield and composition of milk and detection of plasma ghrelin and IGF - 1 in dairy buffalo fed with Moringa oleifera leaf leal (MoLM) supplement

The study investigated the nutritive effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MoLM) in terms of milk yield and composition and detection of putative plasma ghrelin and IGF-1 in dairy buffalo. A total of eight (8) lactating dairy buffalo in mid lactation stage were randomly allotted to two treatments (T1-Control and T2-30% MoLM + 70% Concentrate). Milk samples were analyzed using MilkoScan FT-1 milk analyzer. Data on the milk yield and milk composition were analyzed using factorial analysis in CRD by means of Statistix 10. Blood samples were collected before the during the feeding trial to test the presence of ghrelin and IGF-1 concentration using SDS-PAGE. In terms of milk yield and composition, no significant differences were noted between treatments but significant difference was noted in terms of milk collection on milk protein, lactose, TS and SNF. Both hormones (ghrelin and IGF-1) were detected in the blood of experimental animals before and after the feeding trial. This study demonstrated that MoLM can be a good alternative for commercial feed for dairy buffaloes.

Effects of Graded Levels of Moringa Oleifera Leaf-Meal In Albino Rat Diet on Some Hematological Parameters

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf-meal (MOLM) on some haematological parameters of male albino rats. Sixteen (16) albino rats were randomly selected into four (4) groups; a control group (group A) and three experimental groups (groups B, group C and group D) containing four (4) animals per group. Group A was given normal diet, groups B, C and D were provided with MOLM diets containing 37.5 gm, 56 gm and 75 gm respectively. They were fed with water ad libitum daily for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, haematological parameters (white blood cell count, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, haemoglobin count and differential white blood cells) were determined. The result showed significant differences (P 0.05) was shown in the white blood cell count when compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study revealed that MOLM possesses nutritional benefits and this was indicated by its effects on RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and lymphocyte of the animals.

Nutritional and phytogenic properties of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal on blood characteristics of growing rabbits

Nutritional and phytogenic properties of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal on blood characteristics of growing rabbits

Improvement in Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Catla catla Fingerlings Using Phytase in Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Based Diet

Improvement in Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Catla catla Fingerlings Using Phytase in Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Based Diet

Effects of Dietary Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal as a Replacement for Soybean Meal on Growth, Body Composition and Health Status in Cyprinus carpio Juveniles

Abstract The growth performance, nutrient utilization and health status of Cyprinus carpio fed various levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a replacement for soybean meal was investigated. Six isonitrogenous diets were formulated with Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% crude protein replacement. The diets were fed to the fish at 5% body weight to 360 Cyprinus carpio juveniles (8.12±0.21 g) allotted to 18 happas (1 m3) in a completely randomized design for 12 weeks. The results revealed that crude protein replacement levels of 30% had significantly better final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio, while survival rates were not significantly different. Also, haematological, biochemical and immune responses of the fish fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal fortified diets were significantly improved. The results further suggest that higher inclusion replacement is possible but opined that, for growth and economic consideration, Moringa oleifera leaf meal could be used to replace 30% crude protein of soybean in the diet of Cyprinus carpio juveniles.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Differing Levels of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on the Productivity and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Differing Levels of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on the Productivity and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Effect of supplementing moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal on performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to study the benefits of dietary supplementation of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MLM) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal (PPM) on the performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in commercial broiler chickens during 1–42 days of age. In total, 450 Cobb-400 broiler male chicks raised in wire-floor stainless-steel battery brooder pens in an open-side poultry house were divided into five experimental groups with 18 replicates of five chicks each and fed a standard control diet (CD) and the test diets supplemented with MLM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) or PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg), each at two different concentrations. Bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass attributes were not affected (P > 0.05). The cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin phosphate was not influenced (P > 0.05), but the antibody titre against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by supplementation of MLM or PPM in broiler diet at 42 days of age. However, at 21 days of age, the ND titre was similar in broilers fed CD and 500 mg/kg PPM fed group. Activities of glutathione reductase and super oxide dismutase in liver were not influenced (P > 0.05), while lipid peroxidation (LP) reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with the herbal additives. The LP in the PPM group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in groups fed MLM. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in the PPM group. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (super oxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, GSHPx) in spleen were not influenced (P > 0.05). The degree of LP in the 500 mg/kg PPM group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in groups fed the CD. It is concluded that supplementation of MLM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) or PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg) in diets improved humoral immune response (against ND vaccine) at 42 days of age and reduced LP in liver in commercial broilers, without showing any negative effects on performance and carcass attributes. Supplementation of PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly improved the activity of GSHPx in the liver of broiler chickens.

Comparison of meat quality parameters in three chicken strains fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal-based diets

SUMMARY The effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the quality and fatty acid profile of meat from 3 chicken strains, normally used in low-input, extensive production systems, was evaluated. The MOLM was included in a commercial broiler finisher diet at 0 (MOLM0), 25 (MOLM25), 50 (MOLM50), and 100 (MOLM100) g/kg. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Two hundred and sixteen (216) Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Ovambo (OV) and Black Australorp (BA) chickens were offered the diets for a period of 13 wk in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement in a complete randomized design (CRD). The 3-way interaction (diet × strain × gender) term did not (P > 0.05) affect redness (a*), yellowness (b*), pH or meat cooking loss, but significantly influenced (P

Replacement of Fish Meal with Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM) and its Effect on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Labeo rohita Fingerlings

Replacement of Fish Meal with Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM) and its Effect on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Labeo rohita Fingerlings

EFFECT OF ADDING MORINGA LEAF MEAL TO RABBIT DIETS ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE TRAITS

Two experimental studies carried out in order to study the effect of incorporating Moringa leaf meal (MLM) in the diets on the productive and reproductive performance of New Zealand White (NZW) does and their kids. In the first experiment, twenty-seven mature NZW does and nine bucks with an average live body weight of 2.75-3.00 Kg and 5-6 months of age were divided into 3 experimental groups, with 3 replicates each, to study does productive and reproductive performance. Three experimental diets were formulated for does and bucks. Diet 1 (T1) served as the control and contained no Moringa oleifera leaf meal (0%). Diet 2 (T2) and Diet 3 (T3) contained Moringa oleifera leaf meal at the levels of 3% and 6%, respectively. In T2, the 3% MLM replaced 1% soybean meal and 2% barley. In T3, MLM at the level of 6% replaced 2.5% soybean meal and 4.5% barley. In the second experiment, the resulted bunnies of the used does in the first experiment (48 kids distributed to 4 replicates; 4 rabbits each) with an average weight of (800±20 g) were used in a fattening period lasted for 56 days starting after weaning (at 35 days age) and lasted till the 13th week of age. The growing rabbits continued to receive 3 and 6% MLM in their diets (T2 and T3) in a comparison to those received diets without MLM (T1) which served as the control. The second diet (T2) was contained 3% MLM substituted 2% yellow corn and 1% soybean meal. The third diet (T3) contained 6% MLM substituted 4% yellow corn and 2% soybean meal. Productive performance and carcass traits were measured. Economic efficiency of using these materials during the two experiments was considered as well. The obtained results showed that incorporating MLM in diets of mature NZW rabbits reduced significantly number of services for per conception (NSC), days open (DO) and kidding interval (KI). On the other hand, it had no significant effect on gestation period length (GPL) of does. Litter size (LS) significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing MLM in the diets compared to the control diet. Litter weight (LW, g) followed the same trend of litter size with the superiority of high level of MLM in most cases. Mean bunny weight (MBW, g) significantly improved (P<0.05) with substituting MLM in the experimental rations. Daily weight gain (DWG, g) increased significantly (P<0.05) with feeding on T2 or T3 (26.28 and 29.28 g/day, respectively) than feeding on T1 (23.12 g/day). The highest No. of parity recorded with using 3% MLM, which significantly differed than that recorded with the control group, but without significant difference with the third group (received 6% MLM). Feed intake / parity (Kg) was reduced in both groups of MLM and the noticed significant (P<0.05) reduction recorded between the control and the group received 3% MLM in their diets. The two MLM groups produced the highest (P<0.05) litter weight / parity (Kg) as compared to the control group, but without significant differences between them in the same trait. During fattening period of bunnies, with age order advancement the two groups received 3 or 6% MLM in their diets showed significant increase (P<0.05) in live body weight (LBW) with the superiority to those in the group fed high level (6%) of MLM when compared to those in the other two experimental groups. The DWG followed the same trend of LBW in the two groups fed MLM either in a periodical’ intervals or for the whole period. Daily feed intake decreased with using MLM in diets of growing rabbits and mean feed intake (g) showed no significant differences among the three experimental groups during the fattening period. Feed conversion (FC) improved significantly (P<0.05) in the tested groups with the best of group received 6% Moringa over that of 3% and 0% (control). The dressing percentages were higher (P<0.05) with feeding on T2 or T3 (62.41 and 62.60%, respectively) than feeding on T1 (59.88%), while the live weight was 2126, 2185 and 2220 g with T1, T2 and T3 diets, respectively. In point of economic efficiency, the use of MLM at different levels in rabbit diets improved average weight rabbits(Kg/doe), total return, net return as well as economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency for does and growing rabbits. Conclusively, it could be concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf meal has a strong potent and can play a vital role in rabbit nutrition since it improved economic benefits without any adverse effects on animal performance.

Fermentación en estado sólido de caña de azúcar y harina de hojas de Moringa oleifera para alimentación animal

Se estudió la fermentación en estado sólido de caña de azúcar picada (FESCA) y diferentes niveles (0, 5, 7.5 y 10%) de harina de hoja de Moringa oleifera (HHMO) como fuente proteica en un diseño completamente aleatorizado, con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Durante el proceso fermentativo, se midió el pH, temperatura ambiente y de fermentación, cada cuatro horas, en cada repetición por tratamiento, durante un período de 36 horas. Se analizó el contenido de materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), Fibra Detergente Neutro (FDN) y la Digestibilidad in vitro de la MS (DIVMS). No se observó efecto estadístico signifi cativo de la temperatura ambiente (28.85 0C ± 3.3), ni de los niveles de inclusión de HHMO sobre la temperatura de fermentación (26.07 0C ± 1.94), ni del pH del producto en fermentación (5.75 ± 0.46). El contenido de PB aumenta signifi cativamente (p&lt;0.05) de 12.3 a 24.3% cuando la inclusión de HHMO se incrementó de 0% a 10% y no existe diferencia estadística entre los niveles de inclusión de 5% y 7.5% de HHMO, con 20.8 y 21.4%, respectivamente. La inclusión de HHMO mejora signifi cativamente la DIVMS. Se concluye que la inclusión de HHMO aumenta signifi cativamente el contenido de PB y mejora la DIVMS en la FESCA y que 10% es la proporción más adecuada de HHMO como aditivo para estimular el crecimiento microbiano y su contenido proteico.

Influence of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Egg Lipids and Blood Constituents of Laying Hens

Influence of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Egg Lipids and Blood Constituents of Laying Hens

Influence of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal Used as Phytogenic Feed Additive on the Serum Metabolites and Egg Bioactive Compounds in Commercial Layers

ABSTRACT Phytogenic feed additives have been increasingly used in the last decade, and several plants and their metabolites have been investigated for the said purpose. In this context, present study aimed at evaluating the effects of Moringa oleifera as feed additive on layer performance, and egg bioactive compound levels and nutrient profile. HyLine W36 layers (n=200), 50 weeks of age, were randomly distributed in four treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. Four isocaloric (2725 kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP 16%) diets were formulated and supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% (w/w) of dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLM). The results showed positive effects of MLM on egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio, but negative effects on egg quality (p≤0.05). The contents of bioactive compounds, like β-carotene, quercetin, and selenium, in the diet and in the egg yolk were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the group fed1.5% MLM, with values of 8.90, 48.88, and 0.54 mg/kg feed and 4906, 241 and 56.82 µg/100g yolk, respectively. Creatinine and glucose serum levels and cholesterol levels (serum and eggs) linearly increased as a function of increasing MLM dietary levels (p≤0.05). Antibody titers against Newcastle Disease significantly improved (p≤0.05) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 1.5% MLM. It was concluded that Moringa oleifera used as phytogenic feed additive enriches eggs with bioactive and functional compounds, and improves the production performance and the health status of layers.

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Egg Type Chicken During Juvenile Growth

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Egg Type Chicken During Juvenile Growth

Comparative Effect of Replacement of Canola Meal with Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM) on Hemato-chemical Profile in Broilers

The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing canola meal with Moringa oleifera leaf meal on hemato-chemical properties in broilers. For this purpose, one hundred fifty, chicks were randomly distributed into five equal groups of 30 chicks each. These chicks were further sub-divided into three replicates in such a way that each replicate contained ten chicks. These chicks were randomly allotted to five treatment rations. Five isoproteinious (CP 21%) and isocaloric (2900 Kcal/Kg) rations (A, B, C, D, and E) were formulated. Ration A contained 8% canola meal but without Moringa oleifera leaf meal and served as a control, whereas in rations B, C, D and E the canola meal was replaced by Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) @ 25, 50, 75 and 100% (w/w) of its total concentration (8%). These rations were fed ad libitum from 8 to 42 days of age. At the end of trial, blood samples (5ml each) from 3 birds/replicate were collected in sterilized disposable syringes. The serum was analyzed for the determination of blood glucose, cholesterol and liver function tests i.e. AST, ALT and ALP. The data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique under Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results revealed that the values of blood glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, AST and ALP were lowest in group E while these values were the highest in control group A. However, all these values were found within the normal range. It was concluded that replacement of canola meal with MOLM in broiler ration exhibited a significant (P<0.05) effect on hemato-chemical properties in broiler.