Morinda Coreia Research Articles

Estrogenic analysis of ten Thai medicinal plants used for treating menstrual irregularity by ERα and ERβ yeast two-hybrid systems

IntroductionSeveral traditional Thai medicinal plants have historically been utilised to alleviate menstrual irregularities. While it is hypothesised that phytoestrogens are pivotal in their medicinal efficacy, more empirical evidence is needed to verify this assumption. Furthermore, our understanding of the estrogenic effects mediated by estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and their alterations post-intestinal enzymatic digestion is limited. This study aims to assess the estrogenic activity of 10 medicinal plants before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) systems. MethodsY2H systems were constructed based on the interaction between the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptors and the receptor interaction domain of coactivators. The medicinal plants were extracted in water at 95 °C for 1 hour or in 70% ethanol for 24 hours (1: 8 w/v). Their estrogenic activities before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were determined using Y2H systems. ResultsThe majority of ethanol extracts exhibited higher estrogenic activity compared to water extracts, with detection notably facilitated by the ERβ-Y2H system. This study represents the first documentation of the estrogenic activities of Dendrolobium lanceolatum and Morinda coreia, both prominently identified by the ERβ-Y2H system. Specifically, the D. lanceolatum extract demonstrated the highest estrogenic activity, showing a significant enhancement following gastrointestinal enzymatic digestion, suggesting the presence of active metabolites. ConclusionsThese findings advance our understanding of the estrogenic properties of medicinal plants for treating menstrual irregularities, clarifying their effects on estrogen receptor subtypes and post-hydrolysis activities. Such insights are vital for determining their potential as alternative medicines.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Lao ethnic group in Central Laos

Results from an ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Lao ethnic group between 2021 and 2023 identifying the medicinal plants use of 76 species 68 genera 43 families. The primary emphasis of the study was on the medicinal plants, we tested the differences between informant knowledge and informant age using linear regression. The most important medicinal plant species, including Blumea balsamifera, Chromolaena odorata, Smilax glabra, and Zingiber montanum (all with a Use Value of 1.00), were followed by Phyllanthus emblica (0.95) and Cucumis sativus (0.88). Remarkably, 65 plant species achieved the highest Fidelity Level with a 100% FL value. Within ailment categories, Respiratory system symptoms garnered the highest Informant Agreement Ratio value of 1.00. The Jaccard’s Similarity Index ranged from 0.0581 to 0.2690, with the highest JI observed between cultivated and market plants. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that wild plants exhibited lower similarity to the other areas. There were no significant differences in the number of plants known among different informants based on their age. In this research, we found that two plant species, Solanum lasiocarpum (used for nourishing the body) and Morinda coreia (employed in treating amenorrhea), have never been reported for their medicinal use before. These findings underscore the risk of traditional knowledge erosion, driven by the absence of written documentation and the influence of modern medical practices. The data obtained from this study is of immense value in formulating conservation strategies that can benefit both the Bolikhamxay province and the nation as a whole.

Screening of Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial activity on Flower Extracts of Morinda coreia Buch Ham.

Objectives: Morinda coreia has rich active components which has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Their active substance content may vary according to plant genetics, parts used,as well as to climatic factors, quality of the ground in which the plants were grown, the time of harvesting, and the extraction methods. Basically the flowers can heal the common cold, improve memory, aid relaxation due to presence of volatile oil. Flowers could be used as a new approach for the development of nutraceutical products or functional foods. The flower part of this plant are not documented. To develop and apply it, we report Pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity. Methods: The extracts were prepared by cold maceration process with aqueous and organic solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate. The anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and the antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. Results: The maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis was found to be more susceptible toward the ethanolic extract (14mm) at the maximum conc. of 300µl followed by ethyl acetate (10mm) and aqueous extract (12mm). Similarly for Klebsiella pneumonia maximum inhibitory zone (13mm) followed Pseudomonas auroginosa (13mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12mm), Candida albicans was moderate sensitive towards ethanolic extract (11mm) Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Morinda coreia flower possessed high anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts on comparing with standards.

Morinda coreia fruits derived green-emissive nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: Selective and sensitive detection of ferric ions from water

Carbon quantum dot containing nitrogen has been prepared by utilizing a green biomass resource, Morinda coreia fruits, by a single step hydrothermal procedure. The spherical carbon dots are analysed by HR-TEM, XPS, FT-IR, UV–visible and photoluminescence studies. With a mean diameter of 1.99 nm, they possessed functional groups like carboxyl and amide on their surface and emit light of wavelength of 490 nm under 390 nm excitation. The fluorescent Morinda coreia carbon dots (MCCDs), whose quantum yield is found to be 17.1 %, are very sensitive to the presence of iron (III) ions with a low detection limit of 1.32 μM. Successful fluorometric determination of Fe3+ ions from tap water and borewell water were also achieved with good recovery rates. Interactions between surface groups on MCCDs and Fe3+ ions lead to the formation of a non-fluorescent complex, and a static quenching mechanism is proposed.

UPLC‒ESI‒MS/MS profiling of active polyphenolics in Morinda coreia leaf extract and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity

In this study, aqueous and methanol extracts of Morinda coreia (MC) leaves were tested for antioxidant and antibacterial activity under in vitro conditions. Phytochemical analysis using UPLC–ESI–MS revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, amino acids, proteins, saponins, and tannins. Under in vitro conditions, antioxidant test using DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power demonstrated that the plant leaves play a crucial role in antioxidant activity compared to the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities showed that the IC50 values of the M. coreia methanol extract were 26.35 μg/mL and 200.23 μg/mL, respectively. The methanol extract of M. coreia contained higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids and higher free radical scavenging capacity than the aqueous extract. FTIR analysis of the methanol extract showed a substantial number of phenols in the functional groups of M. coreia leaves. The well diffusion assay using the methanolic extract of M. coreia (200 μg/mL) leaves showed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 ± 0.85 mm), Proteus sp. (20 ± 0.97 mm), Streptococcus sp. (21 ± 1.29 mm), and Enterobacter sp. (17 ± 0.2 mm). Thus, the present study revealed that the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of M. coreia leaf extract was due to the presence of 18 unknown and 15 primary known polyphenols.

Induction of adventitious roots from leaf explants of Morinda coreia Buch. and ham. : an important dye yielding plant

The present communication reports, induction of adventitious roots (AR) from the in vitro raised leaves of Morinda coreia as affected by auxins and their varying concentrations. The roots of this plant possess anthraquinone, a preferable natural dye, explored well in pharmaceuticals. The AR from the leaves were induced under light and dark conditions within 5 weeks on half-strength Murashige and Shook’s (MS) medium. Among the various auxins and their concentrations tested, half-strength MS medium augmented with indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) at 4.0 mg/L was recorded most favorable in induction of AR (0.7997 gm fresh weight and 0.0698 gm dry weight) with negligible callus under dark conditions. The present study aimed to analyze the combined effect of light/dark and auxins on the induction of AR from the in vitro raised leaves of M. coreia. The protocol can be used for large scale proliferation of roots and enhanced production of dye (anthraquinones). An effective protocol has been developed to induce adventitious roots from the leaves of M. coreia to provide a continuous supply of roots to be used as standard material.

Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plants from the Rubiaceae Family in Thailand

Several plants of the Rubiaceae family possess potential pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant activity, for subsequent drug development. We investigated the methanolic extracts from the bark and wood of five Rubiaceae species for phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. Regarding the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity, Mitragyna diversifolia wood (437.57 ± 9.90 mg GAE g-1) and Haldina cordifolia wood (30.11 ± 0.20 mg QE g-1) displayed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) respectively. Morinda coreia bark followed the highest antioxidant activities (IC50 = 360.58 ± 19.28 µg ml-1) in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), Catunaregam tomentosa bark (IC50 = 13.96 ± 5.32 µg ml-1) in the nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (NO), M. coreia wood (IC50 = 918.27 ± 0.16 µg ml-1) in the superoxide radical scavenging activity (SO) and M. coreia wood (IC50 = 236.65 ± 1.66 µg ml-1) in ferric reducing antioxidant power activity (FRAP). The TPC and TFC displayed strong correlations with DPPH in M. diversifolia wood and with FRAP in M. diversifolia bark and wood. We found high correlation between TFC and FRAP in all plant extracts except C. tomentosa wood, while no relation was detected between TFC and NO in all plant extracts. Comparing Rubiaceae species, the highest antioxidant potential were showed in C. tomentosa bark. Overall, it is worth mentioning that the Rubiaceae species exhibit potential as a promising source of natural antioxidants.

Enhanced production of anthraquinones and phenolic compounds using chitosan from the adventitious roots of Morinda coreia Buck. and Ham.

This report establishes the production and characterization of anthraquinones and phenolic compounds from the adventitious root cultures of Morinda coreia, induced from the leaves on half strength Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium fortified with 1.0 mg l−1 of Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated adventitious roots (AR) were treated with various concentrations of IBA (0.5–5.0 mg l-1) containing half-strength of liquid MS medium with sucrose (1.5 %). The maximum amount of anthraquinones (149.80 mg g−1 dry weight of AR) and phenolic compounds (71.6 mg g−1 dry weight of AR) were detected on 1.0 mg l−1 and 4.0 mg l−1 of IBA respectively. These proliferated AR on IBA contained 2.10 times more anthraquinones and 1.89 times more phenolics as compared with the yield of in vivo grown roots of M. coreia. Other parameters, such as growth ratio (5.082), fresh weight (1.568 g) and dry weight (0.163 g) of AR were recorded maximum with the concentration of 1.0 mg l−1 IBA. These AR were introduced into the two-stage culture system with various concentrations of chitosan (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg ml-1) for elicitation. Among these, 0.4 mg ml-1 chitosan was observed as the best concentration and further used for the production of secondary metabolites (anthraquinones and phenolics) at different time intervals (2–8 days). Growth ratio and biomass (fresh and dry weight) were decreased from second to eighth day of elicitation but the amount of anthraquinones (292.038 mg g-1 dry weight) and phenolics (86.8 mg g-1 dry weight) were increased till 4th day of the elicitation. The methods developed in this study could be used for further proliferation of AR and large scale production of anthraquinones and phenolic compounds using in vitro raised leaves of M. coreia.

Morindaquinone, a new bianthraquinone from Morinda coreia roots

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Morinda coreia led to the isolation of one new bianthraquinone, morindaquinone (1), together with 12 known compounds, soranjidiol (2), rubiadin-1-methyl ether (3), 2-methoxy-1,3,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone (4), 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (5), tectoquinone (6), nordamnacanthal (7), damnacanthal (8), 2-formylanthraquinone (9), 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone (10), lucidin-ω-methyl ether (11), scopoletin (12) and (+)-mellein (13). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with literature reports. Compound 1 was the first example of bianthraquinone found in the genus Morinda, whereas compound 13 was firstly isolated from this genus. Among them, compounds 2, 7, 8 and 10 exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa), human colon (HT 29) and human breast (MCF-7) cell lines, while compounds 6 and 9 – 11 showed weak anti-acetylcholinesterase activity.

MORINDA COREIA HAS AN ANTI-HELICOBACTER PYLORI EFFECT AGAINST THE MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT CLINICAL ISOLATE OF NORTH-EAST INDIA

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in Helicobacter pylori eradication which is a microaerophilic bacterium causing various gastroduodenal diseases. The present study has been designed to test the efficacy of Morinda coreia against the metronidazole clarithromycin and levofloxacin-resistant H. pylori strains isolated from the biopsy taken from the patient suffering from gastric erosion in Guwahati, Assam.Method: The antimicrobial activity of n-hexane and chloroform extract of M. coreia was tested against multidrug-resistant H. pylori isolate of Guwahati, Assam, by agar well method and microdilution method.Result: In the present study, the H. pylori strain resistant for metronidazole (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] >64 μg/mL), clarithromycin at (MIC >0.5 μg/mL), and levofloxacin at (MIC >1 μg/mL) was tested against the n-hexane and chloroform extract of M. coreia. Both the extracts of M. coreia showed good efficacy against the multidrug-resistant strain of H. pylori shown inhibition at 1.2 μg/mL with n-hexane extract and 2 μg/mL with chloroform extract of M. coreia. Conclusion: The prevalence of metronidazole-resistant ranges between 50% and 90% in the developing countries, including India, clarithromycin ranges from 0% to 15% in India, and levofloxacin ranges between 50% and 70% in India, so there is a need of alternative therapy for the eradication of this bacterium from the stomach. Hence, this study suggests that M. coreia, which has been used traditionally as a folk medicine for the treatment of many gastric diseases, has also shown good efficacy against the multidrug-resistant H. pylori strain of North-east India.

Micromorphological response towards altered environmental conditions in subsequent stages of in vitro propagation of Morinda coreia

Micromorphological response towards altered environmental conditions in subsequent stages of in vitro propagation of Morinda coreia

In vitro propagation of traditional medicinal and dye yielding plant Morinda coreia Buch.–Ham

An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed successfully for Morinda coreia Buch.–Ham. by culturing nodal segments. The explants were washed, sterilized with HgCl2 and inoculated on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Shoot bud initiation was observed after one week and 8.6±0.32 shoots (per explant) harvested after five weeks on MS medium with 4.0mgl−1 concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The regenerated shoots were further multiplied on semi-solid MS medium augmented with 2.0mgl−1 BAP+1.0mgl−1 Kinetin (Kin). Maximum 24.5±0.34 shoots per explant was obtained after five weeks on this media combination. The long (4–5cm) and healthy shoots were rooted in vitro with 100% success rate on half strength MS medium+1.0mgl−1 indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). Rooting and acclimatization were achieved simultaneously by ex vitro rooting method using 200mgl−1 IBA for 5min with very good success rate (28.67±05.51 roots per shoot with 100% response). The rooted shoots were transferred to the greenhouse for acclimatization for 4–5weeks. The hardened plantlets were finally shifted to the field for further growth in the natural conditions after another five weeks. This is the first report on micropropagation of M. coreia, which can be successfully used for the large-scale multiplication and conservation of germplasm of this important medicinal plant.

Preparation of silver nanoparticles using leaf and fruit extracts of Morinda coreia Buck., Ham. –A green approach

Nanotechnology has been a recent developed field of science. Several methods were employed to synthesize different types of nanoparticles. In the present study, we demonstrate the synthesis of silver nanomaterials from leaf and fruit aqueous extracts of Morinda coreia Buck., Ham. using the biological method. The silver nanoparticles formation was confirmed by the colour change of the mixture and further confirmed by spectral analysis. The UV-Visible spectrum of colloidal solutions have absorbance peaks at 421.6- 434.4 nm regions with fruit extract and 431.2-442.4 nm regions observed with the leaf extract measured at various time intervals. These nanoparticles were further used to test the antimicrobial activity against five human pathogenic bacteria.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to ingestion of Morinda coreia and Azadirachta indica leaves extract in infant

We report a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) secondary to ingestion of Morinda coreia (Nonan) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves extract in a nine months old child. This herbal extract is believed to accelerate weight gain in infants and is commonly used in South India.

Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Morinda coreia

The genus Morinda belongs to the Rubiaceae family and comprises 80 species [1]. Many plants belonging to the Morinda species are valuable traditional herbs in the Austronesia and oriental countries. The roots, barks, stems, leaves, and fruits of Morinda citrifolia have been used traditionally as a folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer [2]. Morinda coreia (Yo-Paa) is a tree distributed in the Southeast Asia region. The bark and wood are used to treat fever and as an antimalarial agent in northeastern Thai (Isarn) traditional medicine [2]. Phytochemical reports on the leaves and branches of M. coreia have revealed iridoid glycosides, phenolic glycoside, secoiridoid glucoside, and anthraquinone glycoside [3]. This is the first report on the phytochemical investigation and biological activities of M. coreia roots. The roots of M. coreia were collected from Mahasarakham Province of Thailand in July 2010 and identified by Ms. Suttira Khumkratok, a botanist at the Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, where a voucher specimen (Khumkratok no. 1-11) is deposited. Air-dried and powdered roots of M. coreia (1.5 kg) were successively extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and MeOH. Removal of solvents from each extract under reduced pressure gave CH2Cl2 (76.58 g), EtOAc (8.48 g), and MeOH (81.46 g) crude extracts. The CH2Cl2 extract (76.58 g) was fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) over silica gel (Merck Art. 7730), eluting with n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and MeOH with increasing polarity to provide five fractions (DC1-DC5). Fraction DC2 was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (CC) and eluted with a gradient system of n-hexane–CH2Cl2, then CH2Cl2–EtOAc (from 1:0 to 0:1), to afford nordamnacanthal (1, 10 mg) [4]. Fraction DC4 was further subjected to silica gel CC (n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and MeOH in a gradient system) and radial chromatography (chromatotron ), using n-hexane–EtOAc (4:1) to yield damnacanthal (2, 10 mg) [4], soranjidiol (3, 20 mg) [5], 1-methoxy2-methylanthraquinone (4, 5 mg) [6], anthragallol (5, 6 mg) [7], 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone (6, 4 mg) [8], and 1-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (7, 5 mg) [9], respectively.

Microbial succession in a fermenting of wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fruit plus molasses and its role in producing a liquid fertilizer.

The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts that were present during a wild forest noni ( Morinda coreia Ham) fermentation, the changes in its physico-chemical properties and levels of plant nutrients were investigated. LAB increased rapidly during the first 7 days and were the dominant population until after day 21 when the LAB were declining and the yeasts began to dominate. Identification of the LAB and yeasts to species level showed that the dominant LAB throughout was Lactobacillus plantarum while Lactobacillus pentosus was found but only at day 21. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most dominant species of yeast throughout but was slowly replaced by Pichia membranifaciens and then Pichia anomala. Rhodotolura mucilaginosa , an aerobic yeast, was only detected at the beginning of the fermentation process. It is suggested that the Pichia spp. were responsible for consuming lactic acid. After 56 days, the values of pH, acetic acid, ethanol and electrical conductivity in the fermented product were 3.66, 3.34 g L -1 , 16.98 g L -1 and 14.47 mS cm -1 , respectively. Increased amounts of plant nutrients were present at day 56 mostly derived from the degradation of plant material. At day 56 the amounts were as follows (in mg L -1 ): N 633, P 1210, K 4356, Ca 693, Mg 536, Mn 7, B 51, Zn 169, and total carbon/total nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) 18. Based on the seed germination index (GI) of cherry tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), the extract diluted 256-fold gave the best GI of 157%.

Microbial succession in a fermenting of wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fruit plus molasses and its role in producing a liquid fertilizer

Microbial succession in a fermenting of wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fruit plus molasses and its role in producing a liquid fertilizer

Microbial succession in a fermenting of wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fruit plus molasses and its role in producing a liquid fertilizer

Microbial succession in a fermenting of wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) fruit plus molasses and its role in producing a liquid fertilizer

Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Plant Beverages to Use as Inoculants for Improving the Quality of the Finished Product

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from fermented plant beverages were selected based on their antibacterial actions against potential food borne pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus PSSCMI 0004, Escherichia coli PSSCMI 0001, Salmonella typhimurium PSSCMI 0034 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP 4). Antibacterial activities were measured using an agar spot method. The Lactobacillus plantarum W90A strain isolated from a wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham) beverage was used as an inoculant. Three different inoculation procedures were conducted with the fruit of wild forest noni fermentations to establish which one was the best for controlling the numbers of yeast in the finished product. A 5% inoculum of L. plantarum W90A (LAB set), initial cell density 8.6 log cfu mL(-1), produced a better product and inhibitory properties against the test organisms, particularly E. coli PSSCMI 0001 than one with no inoculum or with a 5% inoculum from a previous natural fermented product. An LAB inoculum resulted in a reduced total bacterial count and no yeast throughout fermentation period (90 days). The lower yeast resulted in a reduction of the ethanol content to 2.9 g L(-1) compared to 12.2 g L(-1) inthe culture with no inoculum. The highest acidity (1.3-1.4%) with the same pH (3.3) was observed in both sets of inoculated fermentations, whereas the uninoculated set gave a pH value of 3.7 (1.2% acidity).

Effects of Initial Air Removal Methods on Microorganisms and Characteristics of Fermented Plant Beverages

The effects of 3 different methods for removing the initial air on the properties of fermented plant beverages produced from phom-nang seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) and wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham.) were investigated. Only method M which covered the space above the fermentation liquid with a water filled plastic bag produced no surface film of yeast, had the highest acidity and also antibacterial activity from both plants after 90 days of fermentation. However, the yeast count still exceeded the standard guidelines for plant beverages. The fermented beverage from wild forest noni showed more antibacterial activity against 3 of 4 pathogenic bacteria tested than that from the phomnang seaweed, probably for its higher levels of acidity and ethanol content. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from the fermentation samples from days 1-5 using the method M from both fermented plant beverages were Leuconostoc mesenteroides supsp. mesenteroides and Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum while presence of Lactobacilus plantarum was only recorded at days 4-5 in the wild forest noni beverage. From days 6-14 the isolates were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis from wild forest noni beverage, whereas only L. brevis was not detected in the seaweed beverage. During days 21-45 both beverages had a similar LAB population of L. plantarum and L. brevis while L. coryniformis was only found in the wild forest noni beverage. Between days 60-90 in both plant beverages only L. plantarum and Lactobacillius sp. were detected.