Morimus Funereus Research Articles

Effect of crude corpora cardiaca extracts on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in larvae of the cerambycid beetle Morimus funereus as a function of diet and temperature

The effects of crude corpora cardiaca (CC) extracts on the changes in haemolymph trehalose and lipid concentrations in larvae of cerambycid beetle Morimus funereus were investigated as a function of diet and temperature. After injection of crude conspecific CC extracts, haemolymph trehalose concentrations were significantly increased in the last larval instar of M. funereus reared on artificial diet at 23 C. In M. funereus larvae injected with crude brain extracts, haemolymph trehalose concentrations were increased by 15%, while glycogen concentrations were decreased by 17.5%. By injection of crude extracts of suboesophageal ganglion an increase was obtained in fat body glycogen concentrations. In larvae exposed to a stressful temperature of 13°C for 90 min haemolymph trehalose and lipid concentrations were significantly decreased compared to control. By injection of crude CC extracts of adult M. funereus, haemolymph trehalose concentrations were significantly increased in beetle larvae fed on natural diet at a low temperature of 4°C. A different efficiency of CC extracts of larvae and adult beetles was obtained as a function of temperature, the nutritive value of the diet and the developmental stage.

Physiological states affect metabolic response to high temperature in Morimus funereus larvae

The metabolic response (fat body glycogen and haemolymph trehalose concentration, midgut amylolytic and proteolytic activities) of Morimus funereus to a high stressful temperature has been studied in larvae from two physiological states (0–6 hr after moulting, “non-feeding” larvae; 7 days after moulting “feeding” larvae), during the intermoult period. The results obtained reveal differences in the response of the larvae from each group to a constant temperature of 35°C. These differences are most prominent for fat body glycogen and midgut protease activity. Glycogen concentration in the fat body and midgut protease activity increase significantly in “non-feeding” larvae at the beginning of exposure of the larvae to 35°C. At the end of the experimentally induced stress, the glycogen concentration was significantly above the control value, while midgut protease activity was close to that of the control. In the “feeding” larvae, glycogen was nearly exhausted on the fourth day of exposure, while proteolytic activity decreased below the control level. During thermal stress, various types of metabolic responses dependent on physiological states were observed at the level of the metabolic parameters studied.

Effect of dietary regime and stressful temperatures on Morimus funereus larval metabolism

The effects of high and low constant temperatures on the survival and certain metabolic changes in the 7-day exposed larvae of Morimus funereus, dependent on dietary regime, have been studied. In the larvae fed the natural diet (ND), midgut protease activity dropped down to a lower level at all the temperatures investigated, whereas only at the temperature of 23°C in the larvae fed the artificial diet (AD), did midgut protease activity decrease, and this was nearly identical to that in the larvae fed the natural diet. Midgut amylase activity in the larvae fed the natural diet was nearly the same as that in the larvae from a natural habitat (NC), except at the temperature of 13°C, when it increased. In the larvae fed the artificial diet, midgut amylase activity significantly decreased at all the temperatures investigated when compared with that of the larvae from a natural habitat. Maximal increase in the fat body glycogen concentration was observed in the larvae on both diets at the temperature of 13°C. In the larvae fed the artificial diet, haemolymph trehalose concentration significantly increased at the temperature of 3°C and decreased linearly with the temperature rise of 13 and 23°C, respectively; the natural diet did not affect trehalose concentration at any temperature regime.

Metabolic strategies of Morimus funereus larvae during thermal stress

1. 1. The system of responses in Morimus funereus larvae to the effect of temperatures, diets and type of environment have been studied with respect to metabolic changes and gain in body wt. 2. 2. The temperatures provoke remarkable changes in metabolic parameters in the larvae from natural habitat and are dependent upon diet. 3. 3. During the intermoult period of 6th instar larvae the temperature of 35°C provokes significant decreases in metabolic parameters at the beginning of the exposure, however after a 7 day exposure the metabolic parameters (except the midgut amylase) return to the control level. 4. 4. It was concluded that the outcome of thermal stress in M. funereus larvae was dependent upon diet, developmental phase and type of environment.

The effect of high temperature on metabolism of Morimus funereus larvae during an intermoult period

The effect of high temperature (35°C) on the metabolism (digestive enzyme activities, fat body glycogen content, haemolymph trehalose and total lipid concentrations) in 5th-instar larvae of Morimus funereus reared from hatching on an artificial diet at 23°C (control) during the intermoult period (7–15 days) has been studied. The high temperature provoked disturbances in the metabolism (reverisible thermal stress) of larvae. The midgut amylolytic activity was significantly increased 6 h after treatment. Its fluctuations disappeared after 72 h and the activity decreased to a negligible value. Up to 24 h, the glycogen content of the controls showed diel changes, disrupted at 35°C. The glycogen concentration which was in inverse correlation with the trehalose concentration, increased from 6 to 72 h of exposure. Thereafter, glycogen reserves were almost exhausted. With the exception of a decrease in total lipid concentration observed in treated larvae after 48 h, other results were similar to those of the controls. The results show that during thermal stress, larvae of M. funereus utilize carbohydrates prior to lipids. Similar midgut proteolytic activities were observed in both groups of larvae but in the treated larvae the enzyme activity was significantly lower. The results are discussed with particular consideration of the modifying effect of diel rhythms and developmental processes.

Effects of diet and temperature on Morimus funereus larval hemolymph cation concentrations

AbstractThe effects of diet and different constant temperatures on hemolymph cation concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) have been studied in Morimus funereus larvae collected from natural habitat, fed natural (oak or beech bark) or artificial diet, as well as in larvae reared from hatching on an artificial diet. In the hemolymph of larvae maintained under natural conditions Mg2+ was dominant, whereas Na+ concentration was very low. In their natural diets concentrations of Na+ and K+ were very low, while those of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were high. In larvae continuously reared on an artificial diet, hemolymph Mg2+ concentration was significantly decreased and Na+ concentration increased more than fourfold compared to the results obtained in oak‐fed larvae. Na+ and K+ are the dominant cations in the artificial diet. The concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ in the hemolymph of larvae fed natural or artificial diet are nearly identical, suggesting the existence of an internal regulatory mechanism in this insect for these cations. The hemolymph cation concentrations of M. funereus larvae are predominantly dependent upon the diet consumed, much less upon the environmental temperatures. The most stable concentrations of cations were observed in larvae continuously fed an artificial diet and exposed to different constant temperatures. There was much less stability in the hemolymph cation concentration in oak larvae fed either natural or artificial food after their transfer to constant temperatures. With respect to the response to the external factors studied, the most sensitive are the Na+ concentrations, the most stable seems to be K+. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Joint effects of temperature, food quality, and season on the development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus under laboratory conditions

AbstractThe effects of constant temperature (23 °C), food quality (B, natural diet i.e. powdered oak bark; B + C, natural diet enriched with powdered sweet crackers) and season on larval development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus L. were studied. The temperature of 23 °C exerted an unfavourable effect on larvae collected from oak stumps in September and bred on B; i.e. the larvae died within 30 days. When the larvae consumed B + C the unfavourable effect of temperature was abolished and the larvae increased their weight by 543%, 897% and 1179% in 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Newly hatched summer‐ and winter‐larvae developed successfully on B + C, while all the winter‐larvae died within 40 days on B. Larvae of an identical parentage hatched in different phases of the annual cycle and showed seasonal differences in the rate of development and survival when reared on B + C at 23 °C. The fastest development and the highest survival rate were observed in larvae which emerged in early‐ and midsummer, whereas the slowest development and the lowest survival rate were in those hatched in late summer. The synchronized seasonal changes of adults and their offspring, as expressed at different levels of biological organization, suggest the existence of an endogenous annual rhythm which is dependent upon the expression of different genes in the course of the annual cycle.RésuméEffects combinés au laboratoire de la température, de la qualité de l'aliment et de la saison sur le développement du cérambycide, Morinus funereusL'étude a porté sur les effets d'une température constante (23 °C), de la qualité de l'aliment, ‐B = aliment naturel, c'est‐à‐dire de l'écorce de chêne pulvérisée; B + C = aliment naturel enrichi avec de la poudre de biscuits sucrés –, et de la saison sur le développement larvaire de M. funereus L. La température de 23 °C a été défavorable aux larves récoltées en septembre dans des souches de chênes et élevées sur aliment B: les larves étaient mortes en 30 jours. Avec aliment B + C, l'effet défavorable a été neutralisé et le poids des larves augmenté de 543%, 897% et 1179% en 1, 2 et 3 mois. Des larves néonates d'été ou d'hiver se sont bien développées sur B + C, mais toutes les larves d'hiver étaient mortes sur B en 40 j. Des larves de mêmes parents, écloses à différentes époques de l'année, ont présenté des différences saisonnières du taux de survie et de la vitesse de développement lors de leur élevage à 23 °C sur B + C. Le développement le plus rapide et la meilleure survie ont été obtenus avec des larves écloses au début ou au milieu de l'été; tandis que le développement le plus lent et la plus mauvaise survie ont été obtenus avec les larves écloses à la fin de l'été. Les changements saisonniers synchrones des adultes et de leurs descendants, exprimés à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique, suggèrent l'existence d'un rythme annuel endogène qui dépend de l'expression de différents gènes au cours du cycle annuel.

The role of neurosecretion and metabolism in development of an oligophagous feeding habit in Morimus funereus larvae (col., cerambycidae)

1. 1. The effect of an artificial diet (AD) on the activity of median neurosecretory cells (MNC), subtypes Al and A2, and the metabolism in tMorimus funereus larvae has been investigated. 2. 2. Two experimental groups were used: larvae developing under natural conditions (NC, controls) and those continuously reared on the AD at 23°C. 3. 3. Larvae reared on the AD completed their development during 6.5 months. 4. 4. These larvae had an increased number of MNC, i.e. Al by 45%, A2 by 59% and an elevated neurosecretory activity (enlarged cell volumes and greater number of nucleoli). 5. 5. The content of fat body glycogen decreased (0.88 mg glucose/100 mg fat body) and that of haemolymph trehalose increased (28.4 mg/1 ml haemolymph) in larvae bred on the AD when compared to the NC (1.413 and 20.2 mg, respectively). 6. 6. The midgut proteolytic activity raised to 364% and the amylolytic one dropped to 7.5% in comparison with the controls. 7. 7. The results are discussed from the aspect of the dietary effect on the neurosecretory system and metabolism of those oligophagous larvae.

Compensatory reactions at the level of digestive enzymes in relation to acclimatization in Morimus asper funereus larvae

1. 1. Changes in midgut amylolytic and proteolytic activities were followed in Morimus asper funereus larvae, deriving from different phases of the annual cycle (February, April, September, November) at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 (7 days) and 360 hr (15 days) after exposing them to constant temperatures (0, 8 and 23°C). 2. 2. Under the effect of constant temperatures, both digestive enzymes exhibited compensatory reactions which were dependent on the phase of the annual cycle. 3. 3. During the first (February) and the second (September) critical periods the compensatory reactions were most markedly pronounced at the level of amylase activity whereas compensatory reactions at the level of protease activity were observed during the phase of intense growth and development (April) as well as during hibernation (November). 4. 4. The results obtained were discussed from different aspects, especially from the aspect of the possibility of the regulation of digestive enzymes during acclimation and acclimatization processes via neurohormones and genome.

Differences in the sensitivity of protocerebral neurosecretory cells arising from the effect of different factors in Morimus funereus larvae

1. 1.The combined effect of different factors (temperature, starvation, potassium saline, cerebral complex extract) on the activity of protocerebral neurosecretory cells (A1, A2, L2) in Morimus funereus larvae has been studied. 2. 2.Our results show that the most sensitive cells to the effect of the factors studied are A1 cells, and the least sensitive ones are those of L2 type. The latter respond mainly to the effect of potassium saline as well as to the cerebral complex extract, changing the affinity of the cytoplasm and neurosecretory granules from paraldehyde fuchsin positive into orange G positive, in addition to other parameters. 3. 3.Variability among larvae regarding the activity of medial neurosecretory cells, particularly of the most sensitive ones (A1 types), has been observed, both under natural and experimental conditions.

Effect of different factors on the metabolism of Morimus funereus larvae

1. 1. The complex effect of different factors such as, for the species unfavourable constant temperature (23°C, 7 days), deprivation of food (4 days at 23°C), injection of potassium saline and/or cerebral-complex extract into larvae of Morimus funereus on the activity of the digestive enzymes (protease, amylase) and haemolymph trehalose concentration has been studied. 2. 2. The parameters studied are listed in decreasing order of susceptibility to the factors studied: protease, amylase, trehalose. 3. 3. The results are discussed from the aspect of the role of neurohormones in the regulation of selected biochemical parameters and from the aspect of protective adaptive mechanisms.

Possible role of neurohormones in the process of acclimatization and acclimation in Morimus funereus (insecta)—II. Changes in the haemolymph free amino acid content and digestive enzyme activity

1. 1. The effect of constant temperatures (− 1, 8 and 23°C) on the haemolymph free amino acid content and on the activity of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase) in Morimus funereus larvae (b.wt 200–500 mg) in different periods of annual cycle was studied. 2. 2. In addition to stable period two critical periods during the annual cycle were differentiated. 3. 3. In the stable period temperature provokes nonspecific response of dominant and physiologically significant free amino acids (increase of proline, decrease of lysine, histidine and tyrosine). 4. 4. In the first critical period (the end of winter) at temperatures of − 1 and 23°C the total pool of free amino acids (i.e. lysine, histidine, tyrosine) is increased and proline is decreased, while at 8°C no significant changes were observed. 5. 5. The proteolytic activity shows an abrupt decrease, whereas amylolytic activity exhibits temperature selective increase. 6. 6. In the second critical period (the end of summer) no significant changes in the total pool of free amino acids and proteolytic activity were observed except at 23°C when a decrease of both parameters was evident. 7. 7. The amylolytic activity shows a slight decrease at all temperatures studied. 8. 8. The results are discussed from the aspect of the role of neurohormone(s) in the processes of acclimatization, acclimation and stress.

Possible role of neurohomones in the processes of acclimation and stress in Tenebrio molitor and Morimus funereus—I. Changes in the activity of digestive enzymes

Abstract o 1. Fed, starved and ligated Tenebrio molitor and Morimus funereus larvae were exposed to constant temperatures of 13 and 23°C. Over the period studied (3–5 days) the midgut proteolytic (MPA) and amylolytic activities (MAA) have been studied. 2. At the temperature favourable for the species ( T. molitor 23°C, M. funereus 13°C), MPA and MAA show cyclic changes both in fed and starved larvae. 3. At the temperature less favourable for the species (13°C), both in fed and starved larvae of T. molitor , the activity of both enzymes is maintained at about the same level and MPA shows long-term compensatory response. 4. At the temperature unfavourable for the species (23°C) in fed M. funereus larvae, MPA decreases to a negligible level, and cyclic changes are hardly noticeable. MAA maintains its cyclicity and shows compensatory response. 5. Under the effect of stress (unfavourable temperature, starvation, ligation) a short-term compensatory response occurs either at the level of MPA or MAA, dependent on the intensity of the stress.

Possible role of neurohormones in the process of acclimatization and acclimation in Morimus funereus larvae (insecta)-I. changes in the neuroendocrine system and target organs (midgut, haemolymph) during the annual cycle

1. 1. During the process of acclimatization, the neuroendocrine system in Morimus funereus larvae (body weight 200–500 mg) shows cyclic changes in the activity. 2. 2. These changes were observed in the midgut (proteolytic activity) and the haemolymph (proline. histidine) as well. 3. 3. During the annual cycle two periods seem to exist: stable and critical. Medial and lateral neurosecretory cells of the protocerebrum have an additive effect on the midgut proteolytic activity in the stable period (spring, summer, winter). 4. 4. In the critical period (autumn) median and lateral neurosecretory cells have the inverse effect. 5. 5. “Disturbance of hormonal balance” results in the fall of midgut proteolytic activity to a negligible value.

Role of synthesis of nucleic acids and protein in adaptation to the external environment.

articleRole of synthesis of nucleic acids and protein in adaptation to the external environmentF. Z. MeersonF. Z. MeersonPublished Online:01 Jan 1975https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1975.55.1.79MoreSectionsPDF (6 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByMechanism of general adaptationMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 38, No. 4Predictable adaptations by skeletal muscle mitochondria to different exercise training workloadsComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, Vol. 88, No. 1A Guideline for cardiopulmonary conditioning in the middle-aged recreational athlete23 April 2016 | The American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 4Positron Emission Tomography the Technique and Its Applications to the Study of the Cardiovascular SystemCardiology Clinics, Vol. 1, No. 3Thermal injury response of rat liver nucleiInternational Journal of Biochemistry, Vol. 15, No. 2The effects of repeated thermal injury on rat liver and serum protein synthesis ratesComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, Vol. 73, No. 2Possible role of neurohormones in the process of acclimatization and acclimation in Morimus funereus (insecta)—II. Changes in the haemolymph free amino acid content and digestive enzyme activityComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, Vol. 71, No. 4Adaptation to prolonged beta-blockade of rabbit atrial, purkinje, and ventricular potentials, and of papillary muscle contraction. Time-course of development of and recovery from adaptation.Circulation Research, Vol. 48, No. 6Possible role of neurohormones in the process of acclimatization and acclimation in Morimus funereus larvae (insecta)-I. changes in the neuroendocrine system and target organs (midgut, haemolymph) during the annual cycleComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 63, No. 1RNA and DNA synthesis in developing rat brain: hormonal influencesPsychoneuroendocrinology, Vol. 3, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 55Issue 1January 1975Pages 79-123 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1975 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1975.55.1.79PubMed1088993History Published online 1 January 1975 Published in print 1 January 1975 Metrics

Effect of constant temperature on survival rate, neurosecretion and endocrine cells, and digestive enzymes in Morimus funereus larvae (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera)

Abstract o 1. The effect of two constant temperature levels (12 and 23°C) on the larvae of Morimus funereus , previously maintained at 8°C during 30 days, has been studied. 2. This effect has been examined at three different levels: organism (survival), cell (neurosecretory cells of the protocerebrum and of the suboesophageal ganglion, as well as secretory cells of corpora allata) and enzyme (midgut amylase and protease). 3. At the temperatures examined accumulation of neurosecretory material in A 1 neurosecretory cells (the medial group of protocerebrum and ventromedial cells of suboesophageal ganglion) was observed as well as degenerative changes in cells of the corpora allata and a decrease in midgut amylolytic and proteolytic activities.

THERMOSTABILITY OF CELLS AND PROTEINS OF POIKILOTHERMS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN SPECIATION.

ArticlesThermostability of Cells and Proteins of Poikilotherms and its Significance in SpeciationBoris UshakovBoris UshakovPublished Online:01 Jul 1964https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1964.44.3.518MoreSectionsPDF (7 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByReproductive physiology, temperature and biogeography: the role of fertilization in determining the distribution of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides17 April 2017 | Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Vol. 98, No. 06Effects of seasonal acclimatization on thermal tolerance of inward currents in roach (Rutilus rutilus) cardiac myocytes23 September 2017 | Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 188, No. 2Membrane hydrolases of fish enterocytes. 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