Moraxella Osloensis Research Articles

Bacterial Diversity in Chinese Rushan Cheese From Different Geographical Origins

Rushan cheese, an essential part of the Bai culture, has been produced and consumed for centuries by the Bai people living mostly in Yunnan province of China, however, studies on the naturally occurring microbial communities of Rushan cheese are lacking. In this study, we applied high throughput sequencing technique to analyze the microbial compositions of Rushan cheese samples from three different geographical origins (i.e., Weishan, Eryuan, and Jianchuan). The microbiota in Weishan, Eryuan and Jianchuan Rushan cheese samples were distinct in terms of taxonomic composition and abundance. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of effect size (LEfSe) analysis found the characteristic taxonomic species in Weishan Rushan cheese samples were Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus crustorum, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus; the representing taxonomic species in Eryuan Rushan cheese samples were Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactococcus lactis, Acetobacter pasteurianus and Moraxella osloensis; by comparison, Acinetobacter was enriched in Jianchuan Rushan cheese samples. Characterization of the microbial diversity in Rushan cheese samples from different geographical origins will contribute to the understanding of microorganisms responsible for the Rushan cheese fermentation, and enable us to develop bioresources derived from Rushan cheese in the future.

Microbiota of the conjunctival sac of 120 healthy cats.

To describe the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the conjunctiva and factors influencing these microbiota of healthy cats. To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile and discuss the use of appropriate antimicrobial drugs. One hundred and twenty healthy cats PROCEDURES: Conjunctival samples with dry or premoistened swabs were obtained from both eyes and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi. In vitro bacterial, susceptibility testing was performed. The effects of age, sex, breed, season, living environment, and sample collection technique on the frequency and composition of microbial isolation were evaluated. In 49 of 120 cats (40.8%) and 73 of 240 swabs (30.4%), microorganisms were isolated. Of the isolates, 71% (61/86) were Gram-positive bacteria, 26% (22/86) were Gram-negative bacteria, and 3% (3/86) were fungi. Staphylococcus felis (17/86; 19.8%) was the most commonly isolated species. Moraxella osloensis (5/86; 5.8%) was the most frequent Gram-negative species. The season had a statistically significant influence (P=0.04) on the frequency of isolation. The use of premoistened swabs increased the rate of Gram-positive bacterial detection significantly (P=0.03). The invitro susceptibility testing showed high efficacy of chloramphenicol, gentamicin, pradofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. The isolated microbiota aligns with previous studies performed in other countries, although the microbiota of cats in the present study showed wider bacterial diversity, and more Gram-negative species were isolated. Swab sampling should be performed with premoistened swabs. The topical antimicrobials gentamicin and chloramphenicol are suitable therapeutics for first-line treatment.

Mcr-1 and mcr-2 (mcr-6.1) variant genes identified in Moraxella species isolated from pigs in Great Britain from 2014 to 2015.

Objectives To determine the occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy pigs in Great Britain. Methods Gram-negative bacteria (n = 657) isolated from pigs between 2014 and 2015 were examined by WGS. Results Variants of mcr-1 and mcr-2 were identified in Moraxella spp. isolated from pooled caecal contents of healthy pigs at slaughter collected from six farms in Great Britain. Other bacteria, including Escherichia coli from the same farms, were not detected harbouring mcr-1 or mcr-2. A Moraxella porci-like isolate, MSG13-C03, harboured MCR-1.10 with 98.7% identity to MCR-1, and a Moraxella pluranimalium-like isolate, MSG47-C17, harboured an MCR-2.2 variant with 87.9% identity to MCR-2, from E. coli; the isolates had colistin MICs of 1-2 mg/L. No intact insertion elements were identified in either MSG13-C03 or MSG47-C17, although MSG13-C03 harboured the conserved nucleotides abutting the ISApl1 composite transposon found in E. coli plasmids and the intervening ∼2.6 kb fragment showed 97% identity. Six Moraxella osloensis isolates were positive for phosphoethanolamine transferase (EptA). They shared 62%-64.5% identity to MCR-1 and MCR-2, with colistin MICs from 2 to 4 mg/L. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MCR and EptA have evolved from a common ancestor. In addition to mcr, the β-lactamase gene, blaBRO-1, was found in both isolates, whilst the tetracycline resistance gene, tetL, was found in MSG47-C17. Conclusions Our results add further evidence for the mobilization of the mcr-pap2 unit from Moraxella via composite transposons leading to its global dissemination. The presence of mcr-pap2 from recent Moraxella isolates indicates they may comprise a reservoir for mcr.

Moraxella Species Bacteremia in Cancer Patients

Abstract Moraxella is a genus of gram-negative diplococci considered to be an important cause of upper respiratory tract disease in humans. Bacteremia caused by Moraxella species, however, remains rare and tends to occur in individuals with a compromised immune system. We reviewed all cultures positive for Moraxella species at an academic cancer hospital between the years of 2011 and 2016. We also performed a literature review of Moraxella species bacteremia in cancer patients in the decade between 2006 and 2016. At the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, between 2011 and 2016, there were 41 positive cultures (from all sites) for Moraxella species. Of these 41 cultures, only 3 were positive blood cultures. Our findings indicate that bacteremia caused by Moraxella species can range in severity from fever and chills to frank sepsis. As has been noted in other publications, the source of the bacteremia is not always clinically apparent, but upper and lower respiratory sources seem to predominate. None of the patients presented in this case series died of their bacteremia. The 2 publications discovered in our literature review similarly describe 2 nonfatal cases of Moraxella osloensis bacteremia: 1 case in a patient with a recent diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and 1 case in a patient with an unspecified lung cancer.

Isolation and molecular identification of four culturable endophytes from TV22 clone of Camellia sinensis (L.)

Endophytes are microorganisms presents within plant in asymptomatic manner and often act as a reservoir of novel bioactive secondary metabolites having antimicrobial, anti-insect and other beneficial properties. In absence of any reports on the presence of endophyte and their possible metabolic role in the process of infestation of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) by tea mosquito bug (Halopeltis theivora Waterhouse), the present study was undertaken to trace and isolate them from tea leaves for their molecular characterisation based on 16S rRNA sequencing. In this process, four endophytic bacteria have been identified as Brachybacterium sp. strain TMCS1, Bacillus pumilus strain TMCS2, Moraxella osloensis strain TMCS3 and Moraxella osloensis strain TMCS4 from the 2nd leaf of a young flash of C. sinensis (TV22 clone) which will enable us to study their culturable properties and role as biocontrol agents.

Cytotoxicity of 8-Anilino 1-Naphthalene Sulfonic acid and its Degradation Products

8-Anilino 1-Naphthalene sulfonic acid is an aromatic amine used extensively in the synthesis of azo dyes. This compound is also produced as an intermediate compound in the bacterial degradation of azo dyes during azo reduction. Moraxella osloensis, a bacterium with dye degrading ability, was checked for its ability to degrade this aromatic amine and the organism was found to be capable of degrading 64% of 20 mg l-1 this amine. The cytotoxicity of this aromatic amine and its degradation products were checked in vitro using HEp2 (human epithelial type 2) and 3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cell lines. The results indicated the decreased toxicity of the degradation products compared to the aromatic amine. The normal cells were more sensitive to both the aromatic amine and its degradation products compared to the cancer cell lines.

Mcr-1 and mcr-2 variant genes identified in Moraxella species isolated from pigs in Great Britain from 2014 to 2015.

To determine the occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy pigs in Great Britain. Gram-negative bacteria (n = 657) isolated from pigs between 2014 and 2015 were examined by WGS. Variants of mcr-1 and mcr-2 were identified in Moraxella spp. isolated from pooled caecal contents of healthy pigs at slaughter collected from six farms in Great Britain. Other bacteria, including Escherichia coli from the same farms, were not detected harbouring mcr-1 or mcr-2. A Moraxella porci-like isolate, MSG13-C03, harboured MCR-1.10 with 98.7% identity to MCR-1, and a Moraxella pluranimalium-like isolate, MSG47-C17, harboured an MCR-2.2 variant with 87.9% identity to MCR-2, from E. coli; the isolates had colistin MICs of 1-2 mg/L. No intact insertion elements were identified in either MSG13-C03 or MSG47-C17, although MSG13-C03 harboured the conserved nucleotides abutting the ISApl1 composite transposon found in E. coli plasmids and the intervening ∼2.6 kb fragment showed 97% identity. Six Moraxella osloensis isolates were positive for phosphoethanolamine transferase (EptA). They shared 62%-64.5% identity to MCR-1 and MCR-2, with colistin MICs from 2 to 4 mg/L. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MCR and EptA have evolved from a common ancestor. In addition to mcr, the β-lactamase gene, blaBRO-1, was found in both isolates, whilst the tetracycline resistance gene, tetL, was found in MSG47-C17. Our results add further evidence for the mobilization of the mcr-pap2 unit from Moraxella via composite transposons leading to its global dissemination. The presence of mcr-pap2 from recent Moraxella isolates indicates they may comprise a reservoir for mcr.

Microbiome analysis and confocal microscopy of used kitchen sponges reveal massive colonization by Acinetobacter, Moraxella and Chryseobacterium species

The built environment (BE) and in particular kitchen environments harbor a remarkable microbial diversity, including pathogens. We analyzed the bacterial microbiome of used kitchen sponges by 454–pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy (FISH–CLSM). Pyrosequencing showed a relative dominance of Gammaproteobacteria within the sponge microbiota. Five of the ten most abundant OTUs were closely related to risk group 2 (RG2) species, previously detected in the BE and kitchen microbiome. Regular cleaning of sponges, indicated by their users, significantly affected the microbiome structure. Two of the ten dominant OTUs, closely related to the RG2-species Chryseobacterium hominis and Moraxella osloensis, showed significantly greater proportions in regularly sanitized sponges, thereby questioning such sanitation methods in a long term perspective. FISH–CLSM showed an ubiquitous distribution of bacteria within the sponge tissue, concentrating in internal cavities and on sponge surfaces, where biofilm–like structures occurred. Image analysis showed local densities of up to 5.4 * 1010 cells per cm3, and confirmed the dominance of Gammaproteobacteria. Our study stresses and visualizes the role of kitchen sponges as microbiological hot spots in the BE, with the capability to collect and spread bacteria with a probable pathogenic potential.

Complete Genome Sequence of Moraxella osloensis Strain KMC41, a Producer of 4-Methyl-3-Hexenoic Acid, a Major Malodor Compound in Laundry.

We report the complete genome sequence of Moraxella osloensis strain KMC41, isolated from laundry with malodor. The KMC41 genome comprises a 2,445,556-bp chromosome and three plasmids. A fatty acid desaturase and at least four β-oxidation-related genes putatively associated with 4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid generation were detected in the KMC41 chromosome.

Cytotoxicity of Metanilic Acid and its Degradation Products

Moraxella osloensis, a bacterium with dye degrading ability was screened for its ability to degrade metanilic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis and a biodegradation product of azo dyes. The organism was capable of removing 72% of 20 mg l-1 of metanilic acid. Cytotoxicity studies using HCT15, Hep2 and 3T3 cell lines clearly indicated the toxicity of the metanilic acid. The culture filtrate containing the degradation product of metanilic acid after degradation by Moraxella osloensis was found to be comparatively less toxic indicating that the metanilic acid has undergone structural and chemical changes during biodegradtion. The cancer cell lines were found to be more resistant to metanilic acid and their degradation products than their normal counterparts.

Moraxella osloensis septicemia in a preterm infant

Moraxella osloensis is an aerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus infrequently isolated from clinical specimens. There is little published related to risk factors and treatment of Moraxella osloensis infections in the paediatric population. We report the first case of Moraxella bacteremia in a preterm newborn infant successfully treated and a review of bacteremia cases in children.

Bioaerosol emissions and detection of airborne antibiotic resistance genes from a wastewater treatment plant

Abstract Air samples from twelve sampling sites (including seven intra-plant sites, one upwind site and four downwind sites) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Beijing were collected using a Reuter Centrifugal Sampler High Flow (RCS); and their microbial fractions were studied using culturing and high throughput gene sequence. In addition, the viable (fluorescent) bioaerosol concentrations for 7 intra-plant sites were also monitored for 30 min each using an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS). Both air and water samples collected from the plant were investigated for possible bacterial antibiotic resistance genes and integrons using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the air near sludge thickening basin was detected to have the highest level of culturable bacterial aerosols (up to 1697 CFU/m3) and fungal aerosols (up to 930 CFU/m3). For most sampling sites, fluorescent peaks were observed at around 3–4 μm, except the office building with a peak at 1.5 μm, with a number concentration level up to 1233–6533 Particles/m3. About 300 unique bacterial species, including human opportunistic pathogens, such as Comamonas Testosteroni and Moraxella Osloensis, were detected from the air samples collected over the biological reaction basin. In addition, we have detected the sul2 gene resistant to cotrimoxazole (also known as septra, bactrim and TMP-SMX) and class 1 integrase gene from the air samples collected from the screen room and the biological reaction basin. Overall, the screen room, sludge thickening basin and biological reaction basin imposed significant microbial exposure risks, including those from airborne antibiotic resistance genes.

Biodegradation of Tributyltin (TBT) by Extremophile Bacteria from Atacama Desert and Speciation of Tin By-products.

Biodegradation of tributyltin (TBT) by four tin resistant Gram negative bacteria isolated from extremely contaminated river sediments in the Atacama Desert in Chile was studied. Moraxella osloensis showed the greatest resistance and degradation capability of TBT, producing less toxic by-products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and inorganic tin. In 7 days, approximately 80 % of TBT degradation was achieved, generating close to 20 % of DBT as degradation product. The degradation rate constant (k) was 0.022 [day(-1)] and TBT half-life (t1/2) in culture was 4.3 days. Debutylation is stated a probable mechanism of TBT degradation.

Fumigation of Brown Rice with Volatiles from Bee Propolis and Impact on Storage Characteristics

Rice lipids are usually stable in the intact spherosomes in the cell. However, lipid membrane destruction by phospholipase, physical injury or high temperature, initiates hydrolysis through the action of lipases. Control of microbial induced lipolysis of rice would benefit from an approach that provides simultaneous antimicrobial and antioxidation control. Therefore, propolis, a resinous hive product collected by honeybees, known to possess both antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, was used in this study to evaluate feasibility of using its derived volatiles to control microbial prevalence, while providing oxidative stability of lipids, in stored brown rice (Oryza sativa, hinohikari var). Specifically, the effect of volatiles from Propolis including polar extracts (AEPE), non-polar extracts (MCPEV and HEPEV) and crude samples (CRUPV), on rice lipids oxidation and fungal and bacterial prevalence were studied. The stabilization effectiveness on oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids in brown rice were CRUPV> AEPEV> MCPEV>HEPEV>control, in the order of strength. Following brown rice storage, the bacterial species of Bacillus genera were most predominant with Bacillus cereus persisting on samples of all the treatments. Moraxella osloensis, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Xanthomonas campestris, Curtobacterium citreum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens and Aerococcus viridans affected the samples discriminately. Penicillium species was the most dominant fungi and persisted in all the treatments. MCPEV and CRUPV treated samples indicated the lowest species infestation numbers. Milling of the treated and stored brown rice samples indicated that samples treated with MCPEV and CRUPV had less broken rice than control samples. Also, the MCPEV treated samples were whiter than the control samples. The findings from this study show that there is potential to use Propolis extracts to limit lipid oxidation and microbial prevalence on rice.

Neonatal early onset sepsis due to Moraxella osloensis: Case-report and revision of the literature

We report the first case of early-onset systemic neonatal infection associated with Moraxella osloensis bacteriemia in a full term baby. The genus Moraxella is constituted by a group of pleomorphic bacteria obligate aerobes, Gram-negative, oxidase positive and indole negative infrequently isolated from clinical specimens. The organism is rarely reported in the literature as the causative agent of infection in humans, mostly in immunocompromised patients. Only 12 cases of M. osloensis-related infections during childhood have been reported in the literature so far. This unique report of M. osloensis infection, during the neonatal period, concerns the isolation of the bacteria in purulent secretions from the eyes of a 3-week-old baby with opthalmia. In our patient, the precocity of the onset of symptoms allows us to hypothesize a vertical transmission of the bacteria.

Growth of Moraxella osloensis COK1, a Novel Strain of Bacteria Isolated from Subbituminous Coal, in Dibenzothiophene and Coal Medium

Growth of Moraxella osloensis COK1, a Novel Strain of Bacteria Isolated from Subbituminous Coal, in Dibenzothiophene and Coal Medium

PO-0520 Neonatal Meningitis Due To Moraxella Osloensis; Case Report And Review Of The Literature: Abstract PO-0520 Table 1

Introduction Neonatal meningitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality and is commonly caused by GBS. Moraxella osloensis is an aerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus infrequently isolated from CSF. There is little published related to risk factors of M. osloensis infections in the paediatric population. We report a case of Moraxella meningitis a neonate and review of cases in children. Case report A 2 day old neonate was referred for jaundice and bilirubin check. He was noted to be jaundiced and lethargic. He was born at term complicated with maternal pyrexia and raised maternal inflammatory markers. He was discharged on day1 following 12 h of satisfactory observation. A full septic screen was performed on the baby in-view of risk factor for sepsis. The biochemical work-up was suggestive of meningitis. The blood and CSF culture were negative; however the CSF PCR was positive for Moraxella Oslonesis. He was treated with 3 week course of IV cefotaxime and discharged without any acute complications. Discussion A PubMed search yielded 4 published cases of M. osloensis meningitis but none of them presented in the neonatal period. There was 1 published case of neonatal septicemia without meningitis, however there was no specific risk factor identified in any of these patients. In conclusion, although M. osloensis meningitis is rare it may cause severe CNS infection in children we were able to definitely identify the species of the isolates only by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and extended PCR must be performed on all babies presenting with possible meningitis.

5ICCN_033: Moraxella osloensis bacteraemia in a newborn with early onset infection: vertical transmission?

5ICCN_033: Moraxella osloensis bacteraemia in a newborn with early onset infection: vertical transmission?

The effect of different growing substrates on the development and quality of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)

The effect of different growing substrates on the development of the slug parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Wild, laboratory and Nemaslug strains of P. hermaphrodita and their monoxenic counterparts with Moraxella osloensis (CCM 5605T) were reared on homogenised pig kidney, Deroceras reticulatum, Arion lusitanicus, and Galleria mellonella, the faeces of D. reticulatum and A. lusitanicus, or leaf compost. Development time, yield, lipid reserves and the body length of nematodes were assessed. All P. hermaphrodita strains were able to grow and reproduce on all tested substrates; however, yields were markedly higher on invertebrate media. Lipid content and body size varied across the substrates and strains. A uniform response of all nematode strains and the most dramatic differences among substrates were recorded in yields, which could indicate that the quality of the substrate is expressed mainly in yield. Monoxenized strains had higher yield, length, lipid content and shorter development time. In general, the strain differences between the observed parameters were most likely due to different bacterial associates. The dramatic differences in yields on invertebrate substrates, in comparison to the others, illustrate the evolutionary advantage of the association of nematodes with invertebrates.

Effects of pipe materials on chlorine-resistant biofilm formation under long-term high chlorine level.

Drinking water distribution systems are composed of various pipe materials and may harbor biofilms even in the continuous presence of disinfectants. Biofilms formation on five pipe materials (copper (Cu), polyethylene (PE), stainless steel (STS), cast iron (CI), and concrete-coated polycarbonate (CP)) within drinking water containing 1.20mg/L free chlorine, was investigated by flow cytometry, heterotrophic plate counts, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Results showed that the biofilms formation varied in pipe materials. The biofilm formed on CP initially emerged the highest biomass in 12days, but CI presented the significantly highest biomass after 28days, and Cu showed the lowest bacterial numbers before 120days, while STS expressed the lowest bacterial numbers after 159days. In the biofilm community structure, Moraxella osloensis and Sphingomonas sp. were observed in all the pipe materials while Bacillus sp. was detected except in the CP pipe and Stenotrophomonas maltophila was found from three pipe materials (Cu, PE, and STS). Other bacteria were only found from one or two pipe materials. It is noteworthy that there are 11 opportunistic pathogens in the 17 classified bacterial strains. This research has afforded crucial information regarding the influence of pipe materials on chlorine-resistant biofilm formation.