Traditional Ethics Research Articles

Legal Aspect of Forming the Secure Informational Environment Fostering Dissemination of the Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values

Introduction.During the last decades, several generations of people in Russia matured being disoriented in culture, traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. There can be observed the overwhelming replacement of the traditional values with pseudo-values and acceptance by people of the deviant behavior, often leading to self-destruction and new understanding of the norm. This became possible due to the absence of proper control over the flow of information on behalf of the state. Recently, our state has sensitized activities aimed at forming the informational environment fostering development of the high moral qualities in a person and adherence to the traditional value benchmarks. Since the information resources have a particular influence on moulding the present generation, the important task today is allocated to development and promotion of such information resources that can stop the process of losing the social and moral benchmarks by the present generation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the existing legislative acts from perspective of their capacity for full-scale regulation of the process of forming the secure informational environment, that can ensure the proper dissemination level of the spiritual, moral values, which are deemed traditional.Materials and Methods.The legislative acts regulating the work of the modern information resources and their impact on the present generation have become the material for the study. Such general methods of scientific cognition as the dialectical and legalistic methods, as well as the analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction have been used in the article.Results.In the Strategy of the Information Society Development in the Russian Federation for 2017 – 2030, the need to form an informational environment based on promotion of the information resources fostering dissemination of the traditional Russian spiritual and moral values is indicated. The idea itself, formulated in the concept, deserves unconditional support. At the same time, its implementation may face a number of problems and difficulties, which are primarily related to the conceptual apparatus. The absence of a uniform, high-quality conceptual apparatus in terms of the Russian language, the logic of replenishing, the unambiguous comprehension thereof for using in the allied regulatory legal acts, can depreciate all the attempts of the legislators to ensure forming the appropriate informational environment. To enable a complete regulation of the process of forming the secure informational environment, that can ensure the proper dissemination level of the spiritual and moral values, which are deemed traditional, it is necessary today, taking into account the above-mentioned and along with the other measures, to make an inventory and systematise the terminology and concepts in the sphere of legal regulation of the secure informational environment formation.Discussion and Conclusions.The definitional part of the legal background for forming the infosphere of knowledge is yet under development, but it already requires a quicker and more complete definition of its content and functional nature in terms of the subject of relations, the forms and methods of legal impact. The inventory and systematisation of the terminology and concepts in the sphere of legal regulation of the secure informational environment formation should be carried out as soon as possible, because this will foster implementation of the legal conditions for the informational counteracting at the present stage of the Russian Federation information society development.

‘Orunmila needs a new house’: religious fundraising and the revitalisation of Ijo Orunmila Adulawo in southwest Nigeria

ABSTRACT In the last three decades, neo-traditional religious groups in Nigeria have continued to (re-)emerge and expand, despite their earlier inhibition by the increased dominance of Christianity, Islam and secular-modernist values. One such group is Ijo Orunmila Adulawo (African Congregation of Orunmila Devotees), originally established in 1934 as an umbrella organisation for traditional worshippers. Based on fieldwork in the Ikenne branch, I examine the innovative fundraising methods that the group has adopted since 1992 in pursuit of the construction of a modern iledi (temple), and the debates they sparked among members, some of whom felt they reflected Christian or foreign, rather than traditional Yoruba ethics and values. A closer look at the dynamics of the group’s fundraising practices, however, suggests they have been shaped within a moral-economic framework oriented toward the flourishing of what the group takes to be traditional religion and the assertion of related values. The article shows how economic practices not only reflect but are an important part of the politics of value negotiated by neo-traditional religious groups like Ijo Orunmila as they have sought to establish and maintain the authority and relevance that has driven their growth in contemporary Nigeria.

The Beauty, the Beast and the Cinema. “The Chain Scheme” in Chinese Literature and Cinematography. Part 2

In the first part of the work, entitled “The Beauty, the Beast and the Red Hare” published in “Corpus Mundi” Vol. 3(2), 2022, I trace the origin of the “Chain Scheme” legend in the Chinese historical chronicles, analyze the development of the plot in the poetry, fiction and other works of art and make conclusions about the interpretation of the main characters’ morals and motivations in pre-modern Chinese culture. In the present paper, which is the second part of the same research, I analyze artistic devices and narrative tropes in TV versions of “Three Kingdoms”, I comment on the changes that the plot has undergone in the course of history and especially in modern TV-dramas and make some conclusions as to the clash of traditional and modern value systems.

The Wandering of the Mother of God with the Child in the Folk Tradition of the Border Between Slavia Orthodoxa and Slavia Catholica: Apocryphal and Folklore Motifs

The narrative of the wandering Mother of God with the Child is popular within the corpus of the Folk Bible circulating on the frontier between Eastern and Western Christianity. In vernacular oral traditions transmitted on the borderlands of Poland, Belarus and Ukraine, we find not only interpretations of the canonical source of the New Testament motifs “Flight to Egypt” and “The Massacre of the Innocents” (Mat 2:13–19), but also some parabiblical motifs reaching back to apocryphal texts of the first centuries of Christianity (e.g. Prot. Jas., Arab. Gos. Inf.). The latter reflect traditional developments, incorporating portrayals of biblical characters into the native worldview of narrators. The motif of the wandering Mother of God with the Child is found in several types of oral transmission: a) The Nativity/Christmas ritual: carols, pastorals, church songs, sermons and homilies, fairground performances; b) in traditions relating to Marian devotion (folk Marian songs, iconography in Eastern Christianity); c) in axiological and moral traditions: songs, legends, charms. This paper presents collected variants of the motif of Wandering in folk culture and analysis of the origin of the motifs and their adaptation in the environment of vernacular tradition and of the social, religious and theological messages contained in the texts.

Ljudska sloboda i moralna predrasuda

This paper discusses the problem of “moral prejudice” in a democratic society. Moral prejudice is presented as an integral part of the moral norm that is contained in the “social contract” of every nation, which equally implies both written laws and customs of the people. The new, “liberal” moral system, which advocates freedom as the fulfillment of the maximum of human possibilities, and includes as praiseworthy things that the traditional system rejected, is not devoid of prejudice. On the contrary, it comes with a new “prejudice” according to which all traditional morality should be discarded, with extreme condemnation, as oppressive. New moral norms, which did not exist as such in laws and customs, are often imposed by judicial interpretations of key rights and freedoms of citizens. Very often these judicial interpretations rest on the very antipodes of traditional morality and prevailing popular sentiment, so that they come as a fundamental opposition to the “social contract” based on the consent of the people through past, present and future generations. These efforts to impose a new moral system on everyone, regardless of their will, are essentially paternalistic and violent. The true task of a free society is to create pluralism in which different groups will have their right to their own moral system, and in which a new prejudice will not arise under the guise of a universal measure of good human life, which ignores diversity in human experience and worldviews. Keywords: positive liberty, negative liberty, social contract, moral prejudice, sexual morality.

AI Ethics in Smart Healthcare

This article reviews the landscape of ethical challenges of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into smart healthcare products, including medical electronic devices. Differences between traditional ethics in the medical domain and emerging ethical challenges with AI-driven healthcare are presented, particularly as they relate to transparency, bias, privacy, safety, responsibility, justice, and autonomy. Open challenges and recommendations are outlined to enable the integration of ethical principles into the design, validation, clinical trials, deployment, monitoring, repair, and retirement of AI-based smart healthcare products.

Research on moral issues related to the use of artificial intelligence in modern society

The purpose of the article was to highlight the philosophical and axiological guidelines in the moral and ethical dimension of artificial intelligence. The task of the article was to analyse the ideas and beliefs in the contemporary scientific discourse on the positioning of artificial intelligence in the mental and worldview paradigm of the modern world. Based on the analysed scientific works (a total of 55 studies covering the issues of correlation between morality and artificial intelligence published over the past 5 years), an attempt was made in order to determine the relationship between morality and technicality. Methodology. The methodological arsenal was provided by general scientific methods, primarily of the analytical cluster. At the same time, purely philosophical methodological approaches were used: dialectical and synergistic methods, which determined the level of coexistence and interaction between artificial intelligence and moral norms. The results of the study indicated the inter-integration of technology and morality in modern society. This trend is expressed in several key dimensions: artificial intelligence as the basis for a new moral paradigm, the transformation of morality under the influence of artificial intelligence, balance, and autonomy of innovative technologicality and traditional morality. Prospects for further research include the development of unified guidelines that will determine the moral norms of artificial intelligence and the potential level of technological impact on the transformation of morality. Conclusion. Thus, artificial intelligence has de facto integrated into socio-cultural use at the global level, which has actualised the need for its assessment and understanding in terms of morality and ethical principles.

КЫРГЫЗСТАНДА ҮЙ-БҮЛӨДӨГҮ СОЦИАЛДЫК ТАРБИЯЛООНУН МАСЕЛЕСИ ЖАНА ОКУМУШТУУЛАРДЫН КӨЗ КАРАШЫ

In this article, the author considers the problem of social education of children. Public education is always in the center of state attention as a strategic issue in all countries. After all, the social education of children is shown as a means of transferring socio-historical experience, culture, spiritual and moral traditions accumulated by mankind, the people and society. The article presents social education based on pedagogical and theoretical ideas. Thinkers have always talked and are talking about the idea of educating the best human qualities in the rising generations. The author believes that regardless of changes in the nature of education, in family education, as a rule, it is necessary to follow family precepts arising from the consciousness of the people. The author, considering how much we talk about social education lately, but the fact that it is not carried out, is undoubtedly our most important problem.

Ethos and Karma: the Construction of Business Ethics and Social Ethics in Popular Novels from the 16th to 18th Centuries

Abstract The common concept of karma and retribution in the general religious life of Chinese society was not only expressed in the popular literature that has flourished since the Song dynasty, but also reacted to society through the processing, refining, and deepening of popular fiction. Popular novels from the 16th to 18th centuries synchronized with the fresh ideas of New Chan Buddhism, New Daoism, and New Confucianism, which gradually developed an ethos and karma model. It used real life as a metaphor for explaining cause and effect in the construction of new business and social ethics that were urgently needed at the time. The business ethics it reflected and constructed not only included the affirmation of business and the advocacy of hard work to obtain wealth and promote fair competition, but also criticized blindly pursuing profits, especially emphasizing that wealth was determined by destiny and could not be forced. The core of the new social ethics was to establish rules connecting traditional morality and becoming rich, which not only stressed that scholars, farmers, craftsmen, and businessmen should do their parts, but also always put scholarly study as the highest pursuit; while criticizing social injustice, people still strongly desired to pass the imperial examination. This paper examines the great social changes that were occurring in the Ming dynasty, especially in the areas of business ethics and the perception of wealth, through popular literature from Ming China.

The Construction of Female Images in Charlotte Bronte's Novels

In the 19th century, British female writer Charlotte Bronte portrayed many female characters who were in adversity, unwilling to sink, struggling and tenacious in pursuit. This article takes "Jane Eyre" as an example to analyze the female images in "Jane Eyre". The female protagonists represented by Jane Eyre will always be remembered for their personality and spiritual charm, and exude permanent artistic charm, inspiring generations of women to pursue independence, self-esteem, and self-improvement. Charlotte's novels awakened the vast number of female compatriots in the Victorian era, causing them to begin to examine their own predicament. From the perspective of female images, it is not difficult to find that her work "Jane Eyre" infuses an ideal of "female beauty". By overlapping the ethical perspectives of justice and care, everyone is treated equally and fairly, and no one is harmed or neglected. Charlotte Bronte's feminist ethics not only criticize the neglect of female voices in traditional ethics, but also provide a new perspective for the construction of ethics itself.

Purity Culture: Measurement and Relationship to Domestic Violence Myth Acceptance

Though discussed extensively in popular culture, purity culture, a conservative Christian movement that builds on traditional sexual ethics by proscribing additional rules and regulations to govern sexual behaviors and prioritize virginity, has scarcely been examined from a psychological perspective. The present study was designed to develop and validate a measure of purity culture, the Purity Culture Beliefs Scale (PCBS). We explore and confirm the factor structure of the PCBS and establish convergent and discriminant validity. We also demonstrate the utility of the scale showing incremental validity in the prediction of domestic violence myth acceptance. Convergent validity was established between purity culture and heterosexual scripts, sexual–spiritual integration, and shame. Discriminant validity was established between purity culture and manifestation of God in sexuality, sacred qualities of sexuality, Christian orthodoxy, and affect. The PCBS was also used to find that purity culture beliefs predicted domestic violence myth acceptance above and beyond the constructs of hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and traditional sex roles. The introduction of the PCBS allows for the empirical study of the internalization and consequences of purity culture, which may inform interventions around Christian engagement with the topics of gender and sexuality.

Revitalizing the Roles and Relevance of Traditional Morality of Sidaama People of Ethiopia in Sustaining Peace: The Case of "Halaale" Principle

It is widely accepted that employing armed forces will successfully accomplish the objective of maintaining peace. However, these solutions are not always effective in bringing lasting peace. In order for peace to become deeply ingrained in societal lives, it is frequently necessary to look deeply into the social and moral foundations of a society. This particular study was designed to investigate the functions and applicability of conventional moral values and practices in upholding peace. Specifically, the paper was intended to study the practical and potential benefits of Sidaama moral ideals and principles for maintaining peace focusing on Halaale principle. To achieve this objective several key informants were interviewed as primary data sources besides a compressive literature review on the matters of peace maintenance, conflict resolution, ethics and moral principles and practices of Sidaama people. Accordingly, the analysis was made on the data collected from the informants and contents of the references. Finally, it was found that “Halaale” principle of Sidaama People has both a preventative role in conflicts and maintaining harmony by binding the members of the community to the communitarian good. Based on this, it was recommended that, the diligent attention should be paid both at policy and society levels to make use of the fruits of traditional moral principles rather than lessening them as obsolescent practices.

Avoiding unnecessary suffering: Towards a moral minimum standard for humans' responsibility for animal welfare

AbstractAnimals are an important part of our social, economic and corporate world. Their wellbeing is significantly affected by the ways in which humans treat them. However, animals have long remained (and, indeed, continue to remain) effectively invisible in the business ethics and corporate responsibility discourse. This article argues in favor of the moral necessity of according animal welfare a higher priority in business. In line with most streams in both recent and traditional animal ethics, this article derives the avoidance of unnecessary animal suffering as the moral minimum standard for responsible management in the livestock industry. Based on a broad range of different interpretations of what animal suffering may be necessary, the article discusses three distinct ways in which humans working in the animal industry could meet their moral responsibility to avoid unnecessary suffering, and, with this, increase animal welfare: by ameliorating circumstances for animals, by aiming at a two‐pronged transformation, or by transforming into a “zero‐suffering” business. Considering animal welfare as a legitimate ethical value in and of itself is a first step towards overcoming the anthropocentric bias in today's sustainability and corporate responsibility debate.

“Teaching” of Vladimir Monomakh as Synthesis of Ethical Traditions Byzantine Patristics and National Paganism

The research is devoted to the ethical views of Vladimir Monomakh, reflected in the “Teaching” of the Grand Duke. The author’s reflections concerning such fundamental moral categories as good and evil, virtue and vice, the meaning of life and death, free will, duty, happiness are considered and analyzed. A partial continuity of the Grand Duke’s views concerning the relationship to the categories of good and evil, as well as virtue and vice, with the Byzantine Christian tradition, in particular with regard to the “theory of three small deeds”, which is based on the theory of repentance of John Chrysostom, and the theory of “asceticism in the world”, based on the writings of Basil the Great. It is revealed that the ethical views of the Grand Duke do not fit into the strict paradigm of Christian medieval philosophy and theology. In this regard, the author of the article draws attention to the syncretic nature of the worldview of the author of the “Teaching”, expressed in a kind of worldview combining Christian and pre-Christian beliefs. In this vein, the specific understanding of the problems of the meaning of life, death, happiness by Vladimir Monomakh is analyzed, which is revealed when considering the peculiar attitude of the author of the “Teaching” to the sacred rites of prayer and burial. The author’s views on the category of duty in the universal and state terms, as well as the principles of practical behavior, are studied. According to the results of the research, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the work of the Grand Duke is an ethical “micro-treatise”, the ideological content of which fully reflects the moral concept of the existence of the ancient Rus-sian man.

Statement of Retraction: Interrogating the traditional ethics and values of religious fundraising strategies of Ijo Orunmila Adulawo (Southwest Nigeria)

Statement of Retraction: Interrogating the traditional ethics and values of religious fundraising strategies of Ijo Orunmila Adulawo (Southwest Nigeria)

The Moralization of Politics in Brazil

This article analyzes the formation of a media framing of political moralization in Brazil that was consolidated during the decade of 2010, during the peak of an anti-corruption prosecution and the campaign against ‘gender ideology’. This media framing was characterized by the association of the agenda for probity in the conduct of public business with a traditional family morality. The research methodology is anchored in studies of media framing in an analytical perspective that joins sources of digital sociology to political communication studies to analyze an archive collected on platforms of social networks and news media. We contrast the results of the investigation to contributions and gaps of political sociology and gender and sexuality studies focused on either public or private morality. The analysis of the materials shows how the far-right developed a political-communicational strategy on social networks to unite the two dimensions of morality to gain electoral support.

The role of the eurasian vector in deepening the national educational space

Introduction. The article examines the role of the Eurasian direction in the development of national education. The author proves that such a civilizational choice allows Russia to preserve its subjectness in the modern world.Purpose setting. The relevance of the article is due not only to the decline in the level of knowledge of students, but also to ideological problems in the youth environment.Methodology and methods of the study. The article shows that many problems of modern national education are due to the violation of the traditional system of values. Particular attention is paid to the ambiguous influence of alien values on the younger generation. The article analyzes the factors that play a fundamental role in the preservation and strengthening of Russia»s subjectivity in the context of the universalization of educational standards.Results. The article emphasizes that the key to the formation of an effective specialist is the awareness of each representative of the younger generation of his socio-cultural identity. Preservation of its subjectivity by Russia has a decisive influence on the formation of an educated and conscious generation.Conclusions. Russia is not just a space between East and West, but also a self-sufficient civilization in which its pedagogical traditions have historically developed. Education, which accumulates Eurasian values, is based on spiritual and moral values, which stimulate students to an active cognitive process that lasts a lifetime.

Koncepcja etyki naukowej i wizje postępu moralnego w ujęciu liderów polskiej myśli pozytywistycznej

The article presents one of the components of the intellectual legacy of Polish positivism, a philosophical position which proposed a new attitude towards ethical issues. Its representatives put forward the notion of scientific ethics, reducing moral philosophy to it. They strongly emphasized their critical attitude towards traditional ethics, for which there was no place in the positivist model of science, and proposed a distinction between theoretical and practical ethics. Their project was motivated by an ambition to make ethics into jurisprudence, a discipline whose accuracy would make it similar to other sciences. Their efforts were consistently motivated by the idea of making ethics into an empirical and applied science. This scientific ethics would fulfill the important task of forming a set of moral requirements, which, by referring to moral knowledge (“ethology”), would have a chance of influencing the conduct of individuals and society. The new ethics was expected to contribute to the change in social morality and thus greatly support moral progress, an issue which was hotly debated. All positivists subscribed to the idea of progress, including that of morality; however, some differences can be discerned in how they defined progress. Some defined it in realistic categories, while others focused on optimistic visions of the future. Among the first advocates of scientific ethics and of the idea of moral progress, differences notwithstanding, were Aleksander Świętochowski, Julian Ochorowicz, Feliks Bogacki, Władysław Kozłowski, and Bolesław Prus. The article gives an overview of some of their views.

THE CATHOLIC WOMEN'S PRESS IN INTERWAR POLAND: IN LOOKING FOR THE FIGURE OF AN IDEAL WOMAN

This article explores the representation of the ideal woman and femininity in the Polish interwar Catholic women's press, focusing on two selected publications – «Kuźniczanka» and «Gazeta dla kobiet.» In the 1920s and 1930s in Poland, Catholic periodicals were widely circulated, and the women's press developed against the backdrop of social changes caused by World War I. The Catholic women's press promoted a religious and nationalist worldview while paying attention to the new emancipation of women. In creating the image of the ideal woman, the Polish Catholic interwar press sought to influence its readers' behavior and life strategies. The article analyzes how these publications shaped the image of the ideal woman and femininity, as well as the consequences of such representation for their readership. «Gazeta dla Kobiet» emphasized the care and upbringing of children, highlighting the irreplaceable role of the mother in these areas. It advocated for constant maternal contact with the child, rationality, and moderation in relationships. The importance of religious education was also emphasized. «Kuźniczanka,» a publication that gained popularity at the national level, aimed at the religious education of adult women and the formation of a patriotic position. The magazine promoted the concept of hardworking, modest living and active participation in public work. The magazine sought to prepare its readers for the fulfillment of daily family duties and protect them from worldly temptations. The ideal woman depicted in the pages of «Kuźniczanka» was a prudent wife and mother, skilled in organizing household affairs, and a sensitive educator of the weak or socially marginalized. Both publications promoted an ideal image of a woman based on religious norms, virtuosity, hard work, and modesty. This model served to mobilize defenders of religious and national values and moral traditionalism. It also emphasized the crucial role of a properly educated woman in creating optimal conditions for the development of younger generations.

Alienation as a Phenomenon of Destruction of Socio-Cultural Tradition

The article considers the category of alienation in the context of tradition as a philosophical category. The purpose of the article is to analyze sociocultural alienation as a form of destruction of a person’s spiritual being, integrally represented in the form of tradition. The hypothesis is substantiated, according to which the category of tradition as reproduction of spiritual life in the forms of socio-cultural practice of a person is relevant. Alienation can be considered as a result of the rupture of a spiritual/socio-cultural tradition. The conclusion is substantiated that only the development of the socio-cultural tradition and its main spiritual and ideological “core” allows a person to become a person and consolidate the skills and abilities with which a person can overcome problems in his life, find new, effective forms of interaction with the socio-cultural environment and harmonize his inner world to prevent self-alienation. A living cultural tradition and the connection of generations is the main foundation for a harmonious personal existence. Therefore, the “key” to solving the problem of alienation is the restoration of the destroyed traditions of human spiritual existence in their specific socio–cultural forms including religion, art, morality and traditional ethics. Currently, this de facto restoration has become the state strategy of Russia, without which its survival in the modern competitive world is impossible. This opens up a new perspective of philosophical and cultural studies of both the forms of existence of tradition in culture and its spiritual and value content.