Political Ethics Research Articles

Studi Mazhab Frankfurt School Jurgen Habermas Dalam Diskursus Etika Politik Indonesia

This study seeks to identify two principles in Jurgen Habermas's discourse, namely Indonesian universal political ethics and Indonesian discourse political ethics. Done by implementing a qualitative description approach with the type of literature study. Data consists of documents that include books, journals, and relevant research results. The collected data will then be understood, recorded, and phrased and then analyzed by actualizing Habermas's discourse theory which contains (Universal Ethics) and (Discourse Ethics). So that conclusions can be drawn. This study states that in universal ethics, the formulation and implementation of the principles of universal political ethics Indonesia uses the philosophy of Pancasila because it is identified as the basis of the state and ideology of the Indonesian nation. Thus, all legal doctrines and legal political mechanisms in Indonesia need to contain the values contained in Pancasila. Meanwhile, discourse ethics states that the ethical principles of Indonesian discourse are carried out with the mechanism of the concept of democracy which focuses on a discourse in a public space. Therefore, the moral principles of ethics only need to be applied in the realm of legal systems and politics (Universal Ethics) not in the realm of democracy (Discourse Ethics). Because discourse upholds the principle of freedom, there is no intervention and does not require moral verification by all participants like universal ethics.

Theistic Democracy Studies Hadith Analysis Deliberations in Contemporary Islamic Political Ethics

Islam is a religion that exists as a religion today, where many universal questions are discussed, one of the main topics of today's big questions is democracy in politics. Although Islam talks about democracy, ironically, Islam itself does not specifically mention the ideal form of a political system. In this context, the discussion about the ideal political formula becomes clearly important among Muslims in modern times, especially against the backdrop of Western civilization which can be said to have destroyed Muslims with its culture. In the midst of this chaotic situation, contemporary Muslim intellectuals present as Muslim thinkers who seek to present the "ideal" concept of modern Islamic politics. In this study, the author tries to emphasize that the substantive principles of Islam must be applied in the country's political system, in this case theistic democracy exists as a legacy from the problematic modern state. Democracy, or deliberation in Islamic nomenclature, is one of the ethical values ​​of constitutional politics in current political life.

Sufi Politics, A Study of the Activities and Political Thought of the Khalwatiyah Samman Order

This essay aims to delve into the activities and political ideology of the Khalwatiyah Samman Sufi order. Politics and Sufism are akin to contrasting poles: while politics navigates the affairs of the state and the intricate world, Sufism gravitates towards the afterlife, often disregarding worldly matters, particularly politics. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study incorporates literature review and interviews. Interviews were conducted with the successors of the order's leadership, two members involved in practical politics, and two participating members. Documentation was utilized, as certain fundamental and significant documents regarding the order remain unpublished, necessitating reference to ensure the research's comprehensiveness. As for the findings, the Khalwatiyah Samman Sufi order regards the world as a realm for deeds towards the afterlife; thus, it should not be shunned but rather utilized for deeds as much as possible. Similarly, in politics, which lacks inherent orientation, the morality of politics hinges on the politicians; hence, virtuous individuals must engage to uphold ethical standards. The political trajectory of the Khalwatiyah Samman order has a rich history, commencing from its initial congregation of seven individuals in South Sulawesi, three of whom ascended to kingship?namely, the 28th king of Bone, the 33rd king of Gowa, and the 44th king of Wajo. During the Oerde Baru era, one successor of the order assumed membership in the honor council in South Sulawesi. Post-reformation, numerous order members assumed roles in regional and central representative councils, as well as leadership positions such as regents and mayors. According to the Khalwatiyah Samman order, politics is perceived as a tool for drawing closer to God by serving the community indiscriminately, characterized by honesty and trustworthiness. Therefore, politics represents a realm of merit for achieving success in both this world and the hereafter.

Pirate Terrors: Rome’s Ancient War on Piracy as an Analogue for Contemporary Wars on Terror

Abstract This article offers an analogy between the Roman wars against Mediterranean piracy in the 70s and 60s BCE, especially on Crete and in Cilicia, and the United States’ long wars against terror, which now span more than two decades (2002–), especially in Afghanistan, until recently, and Iraq. The article hopes to show that there are fruitful points of convergence, especially useful for drawing ethical and political lessons from history. Wars against piracy are waged against non-state actors and nearly impossible to prosecute to a negotiated settlement. Such wars quite naturally result in “mission creep,” particularly when situated in a region with broader strategic interests.

What is Political Moralism?

What is Political Moralism?

Erotic Black Diaspora

“The Erotic Black Diaspora: From Your Hands to Mine” is a theoretical exploration of how the erotic informs Black feminist politics, kinship, love, and spirituality throughout the African diaspora. Through an interdisciplinary approach rooted in literary studies, history, African and African diaspora studies, women’s and gender studies, and Black queer studies, as well as archival research, a close reading of letters sent to Black feminist, writer, and poet Audre Lorde reveals how the erotic functions within Black feminist spaces, particularly in the late 1970s–mid 1980s. In using Audre Lorde’s definition of the erotic, as she defines it in “Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power,” this paper argues that the Erotic Black Diaspora is a way of reading Black feminist love, language, and action. Recognizing the diversity within Afro-diasporic experiences, the Erotic Black Diaspora privileges the erotic (platonic and/or romantic) feelings and expressions across continents cultivated between same-sex-loving and queer individuals throughout the African diaspora. Positioning Black feminist archives, in particular correspondence sent between Black feminist foremothers, as a counter-archive to institutions of oppression informs one’s understanding of the ethics of Black feminist politics, love, spirituality, and community building.

Peran Pendidikan Terhadap Perubahan Strategi Perjuangan Perempuan pada Masa Penjajahan

The purpose of writing the article is to discuss the role of women in the nation’s struggle during the colonial period before and after the existence of educational institutions. The study uses the library research method with data sources from various existing papers. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative. Before there was ethical politics in the field of education, women’s struggles were carried out through their involvement in various wars or resistance against colonialists. Women struggle to hold weapons in regional wars. Educational institutions that were founded as a policy of retribution provide women with the opportunity to fight through education and organization. Efforts to spread the spirit of nationalism and struggle are carried out through organizations and writing in the mass media.

Political Loyalty, Justice, and Trust

The Qur’ān emphasizes many virtues, including the ethics of covenant, justice, community trust, and institutional loyalty. In the Qur’ān, individuals and groups are obliged to uphold moral commitments, honour agreements, and foster justice and trust. On the other hand, Qur’ānic ethics provide an opportunity for repentance and behaviour modification for individuals who have violated the trust of others. Because Qur’ānic political ethics view moral responsibility for righteousness and self-redemption as remedies to betrayal rather than imposing punishment as the only option, it is conceivable to argue that Qur’ānic political ethics can be corrective, providing avenues for change for the treacherous. This article examines the sixteen instances of the root kh-w-n (to betray), in the Qur’ān and provides a contextualized, theme-based ethical analysis of each verse. It seeks to define the Qur’ānic corpus on betrayal (kh-w-n) and classify the latter into political betrayal, betrayal of justice, and betrayal of trust. It is concluded that this corpus describes betrayal as a consequence of a lack of moral responsibility.

Trusting technology to wage war: the politics of trust and ethics in the development of robotics, autonomous systems, and artificial intelligence

ABSTRACT Robotics, autonomous systems, and artificial intelligence (RAS-AI) are at the technological edge of militaries trying to achieve ‘ethical’ war. RAS-AI have been cast as essential technologies for defence forces to develop in order to sustain military advantage. Central to the success of this endeavour is trust: the technologies must be trusted for defence personnel to be willing to use them, for defence to be trusted by the public, and for allies and partners to have confidence in each other’s developments. Yet, trust is not merely a technocratic term. Its dominant role in the successful adoption of RAS-AI gives it power. This paper argues that the language of trust is being used to facilitate the development and adoption of military RAS-AI, often in concert with the language of ethics. Building on Maja Zehfuss’ concept of the politics of ethics, this paper contends that when it comes to RAS-AI there is also a politics of trust. Analysing British, American, and Australian military documents demonstrates that this politics manifests in side-lining political questions about how RAS-AI will be used – against whom and for what purposes – through focusing instead on the need to develop ethical and trustworthy RAS-AI to wage virtuous war.

Happiness, virtue and wisdom: elements of ancient Greek philosophy in Islamic advice literature

This essay examines the profound influence of ancient Greek philosophy on Islamic advice literature, particularly in political ethics and governance. It aims to trace the integration of Greek philosophical ideas into Islamic advice literature, focusing on four key areas: Plato's theory of happiness, Aristotle's virtue ethics, the concept of "the three governances," and the ideal ruler-advisor relationship. Employing a meticulous analysis of a dozen Islamic sources from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries, it uncovers the extent of Greek thought's impact. Findings reveal that Islamic political elites, including philosophers, secretaries, religious scholars, and historians, adopted and adapted Greek philosophical theories to align with Islamic political goals and strategies. Plato's notions of happiness through just rule and the pursuit of knowledge and justice are echoed in the works of Islamic luminaries. Aristotle's virtue ethics, emphasizing prudence, temperance, courage, and justice, are seamlessly woven into Islamic governance literature. The concept of "the three governances" reflects Aristotelian governance principles, while Greek gnomology is used to validate political concepts especially the ideal ruler’s wisdom, showcasing the rhetorical power of invoking Greek authorities. The study concludes that Greek elements were frequently combined with Arabic, Persian, and other influences in Islamic advice literature, suggesting caution in interpreting Islamic political ethics through an exclusive lens. The research underscores the convergence of cross-cultural ideas and the Islamization of Greek philosophy to support political demands within a religious framework.

Analisis Etika Lembaga Legislatif Perspektif Fiqih Dusturiyah

Political ethics As a result, those who want a government that is fair and based on ethical values have a lot to learn from what happened. The goal is that they can create peace by upholding the values of justice. The research method used is the library method. If resistance is not based on proper moral and ethical principles, it will lead to uncertainty. Its power will inevitably collapse, especially if the leader does not instill moral values. Therefore, good rulers are those who create happiness rather than the opposite. The legislative body is in charge of making or drafting laws.

Refleksi Etika Politik Islam dalam Pembentukan Lembaga Yudikatif

The application of Islamic political ethics has unique characteristics in every country, including Indonesia. Even though Indonesia does not officially claim to apply Islamic concepts, if one examines the 1945 Constitution, there are indications that Indonesia refers to Islamic principles. This research aims to evaluate the concept of Islamic political ethics in the formation of judicial institutions in Indonesia. The approach used is qualitative with a literature review method, namely by looking for various references from books and journals regarding the reflection of Islamic political ethics in the formation of judicial institutions. This research began by looking for several references regarding Islamic Political Ethics to take points from each concept that was discussed. Stated.

Internalizing Pancasila Values among the Younger Generation in Jakarta in the Context of the 2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia

The internalization of Pancasila values among the younger generation is significant for a more in-depth study ahead of the 2024 presidential election in Indonesia. This has become a hot issue as material for study, especially after the 2024 presidential and vice presidential candidate debate took place. This research aims at 3 things: First, to inform the importance of internalizing the Pancasila values among the younger generation to welcome the 2024 election; Second, to instill Pancasila values in the younger generation in responding to currently developing political dynamics; Third, to strengthen implementation of Pancasila values in political ethics by socializing them among the younger generation to realize peaceful elections in 2024. The mixed method used for this research is quantitative data collection, using qualitative descriptive techniques with text analysis. The distribution of questionnaires conducted directly and online is based on the theory of social reality construction, with the concept of internalization being the focus. This research shows 3 things: First, the younger generation received information regarding the importance of internalizing Pancasila values in creating peaceful elections in 2024. Second, researchers succeeded in socializing the effort to instil Pancasila values in the younger generation in responding to political dynamics in the 2024 elections. Third, ethical politics in peaceful elections have been socialized by strengthening Pancasila values to make the situation more conducive to implementing peaceful elections. It is hoped that this research can become a consistent and sustainable national movement for the upcoming elections and prepare the younger generation to have a peaceful and constructive mentality.

A kimondott szavak súlya, avagy összefüggések a nyelv és az erkölcsi nevelés között magyar és német nyelvű példák alapján

In the public mind, morality is a religious, legal, philosophical and social category. We rarely talk openly about morality, yet our language reflects our concept of morality. The concept is crucial to our decisions in all areas of life, both in our linguistic and non-linguistic behaviour. According to the cognitive paradigm, a close relationship can be assumed between thinking and language: thinking is manifested in language, but language also affects the process of thinking itself. In exploring the links between language, thought and culture, Lakoff-Johnson (1999) introduced the notion of thinking relativism, which argues that different metaphor use causes differences in thinking. Based on this, the question arises as to whether representatives of various nations think differently about a concept - in our case, morality - and how this manifests itself in their language. Thinking about this further, how can culture-specific differences in language affect the conceptualisation process? In this study, we seek to answer these questions. The analysis draws on the concept of morality constructed by Lakoff (1996, 2002) and Lakoff-Johnson (1999), which describes the interpretative process of American society, but some parts of it can be said to be near-universal, and therefore can provide useful insights for the study of other languages. The formation of the concept of morality begins through family education and linguistic and non-linguistic interactions within the family. Lakoff (1996), examining Western political morality, concludes that there are basically two family models, and thus two different conceptions of morality. Conservatives are characterized by the strict father model, while liberals are characterized by the caring parent model. In both models, diverse concepts of morality enjoy priority and treat the concept of 'morality' differently. In the course of our research, we mainly examined metaphorical conceptualization on the basis of Hungarian and German examples of living language, comparing them with the conceptions of morality constructed on the basis of English examples. We have found that the linguistic examples we have examined do not provide a complete metaphor system as outlined by Lakoff (ibid.), but certain elements of it clearly exemplify the similarities and differences between the family morals found in the two languages.

BRICS and the Lessons of Geo-Strategic Politics for Nigeria

BRICS and the Lessons of Geo-Strategic Politics for Nigeria

Populist Authoritarianism and Catholic Political Ethics: A Framework for a Moral Review

Can there be an ethics of politics or political ethics in populist authoritarian democracies? Given that politics operates under potentially risky and morally ambiguous methods that involve strategic calculations with some elements of irrationality, developing an ethics of political leadership can be an abstruse exercise. The frequent mismatch between political methods, objectives, and outcomes exemplifies the complexity of political reality and its unpredictability. The existential tension between utilitarian and deontological approaches to ethics frequently arises in politics. However, to address the failures of democracy in political leadership, it is imperative to explore the ethical implications of populist authoritarianism. By scrutinizing how populist authoritarianism undermines democratic principles and polarizes societies, one can better understand its moral challenges and work towards developing a more ethical framework for political leadership. This article discusses Catholic political ethics in response to populist authoritarianism from three different perspectives: first, it analyzes what populist authoritarianism entails and its limitations in political governance; second, it discusses diverse components of political ethics, highlighting realistic dilemmas in the application of each component; and third, it makes an ethical evaluation of populist authoritarianism from the Catholic social ethics perspective, emphasizing human dignity, common good, and solidarity as key to countering populist authoritarianism. The article makes two ethical suggestions in line with Catholic political ethics to address populist authoritarianism. The first is the principle of social cohesion, aimed at addressing the social, ethnic, racial, political, economic, and religious divisions that characterize populist authoritarian leadership. The second is the principle of social recognition, used as a strategy for safeguarding the common good by centralizing human dignity.

Covid-19, State Effectiveness, and Core Values of Political Morality

Abstract There are three main failures that occurred during Covid-19 which relate to critical aspects of what Jeremy Waldron has referred to as the constellation of political values or ideals constituting the core of our political morality. These include questions of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. To analyze how these values were affected by Covid-19, this article begins with an overview of what occurred during the Covid-19 crisis. First, I focus on the deliberation and decision-making processes applied during the crisis. Second, I review key aspects of state effectiveness that the experience exposed. Third, I consider the ways government responses affected human rights protections. I then examine these themes through leading theoretical accounts about the critical components of political morality including rule of law, democracy, and human rights. Drawing on those theoretical perspectives, I seek to identify the broad causal story about the developmental process through which rule of law, democracy, and human rights emerge. A critical component of that story is the role of state effectiveness. In the final section, I confront these theoretical and empirical views with key takeaways from governments’ responses to Covid-19 from the standpoint of Waldron’s constellation of values of democracy, human rights, and rule of law. In conclusion I consider the implications of this understanding for the theory and practice of law and development.

SIMULATION INTELLECTUAL SIGN #Aniespresiden2024 IN SOCIAL MEDIA BIGDATA ANALYSIS

Talking about 2024 is of course talking about the political year in Indonesia. 2024 is the year when legislative candidates and of course presidential and vice presidential candidates will begin to fight. Currently, one of the presidential candidates from the party that is the current government party is Anies Baswedan. Based on what has been regulated in political ethics and election ethics, it is certainly not allowed to campaign by presidential candidates before the campaign period is carried out, but what happened was the emergence of social media content from Anies Baswedan containing campaigns with disguised signs and also camouflaged content so that what the public eye sees presented in cyberspace is only the content of his daily activities. This study aims to determine how Anies Baswedan’s political branding simulation in preparation for the 2024 Presidential Election. This research uses simulation analysis on Jean Baudrillarde’s theory based on big data analysis on Tiktok social media through content related to Anies’ candidacy as a 2024 Presidential candidate. The focus of the research is the arrangement and meaning of #aniesPresiden2024 signs and messages on mainstream social media received by the digital community and then forming a simulation of Anies Baswedan’s political branding which is the result of the digital communication process towards Anies’ political representation as a 2024 presidential candidate. The results of this study found that tiktok social media has a huge influence on the political branding of anies baswedan, digital society widely receives and consumes information related to the intellectual sign of anies baswedan.

Revolution, Morality, and Heroism in Angola

Abstract This article explores the political uses of frameworks of heroism in Angola. It argues that after independence and governing a country it had to decolonize, the MPLA promoted a specific political morality and civic virtue by referencing its own heroes and heroines. It used its youth, women, and children’s party organizations as vehicles to indoctrinate society in the new revolutionary values and behaviours. Yet, after an immense work of signification, the archive on heroism and morality, specific to a political period, was made obsolete due to the political changes after the turn to democracy and end of the civil war.

Tibetan Buddhism in the Age of Waste

Abstract Taking examples from lived Tibetan Buddhism, this article explores the role of religion in the generation, sorting, and handling of waste that is produced or ends up in the religious field. Rather than assuming that waste is the negative and worthless endpoint of consumption, it introduces the concepts of “waste imaginaries” and “waste trajectories” to examine the importance of religion in the relationship between how and why things come to be defined and sorted as waste and the ways in which they are then handled and treated. By examining how Tibetan Buddhists talk about and act around different kinds of waste, both sacred and banal, the article unfolds the moral politics of waste, showing how waste trajectories are negotiated through changing and sometimes conflicting waste imaginaries.