Moral Sense Research Articles

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS FOR COUNSELING PROFESSION: METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF CANDIDATE COUNSELORS

This study was conducted for analyzing metaphors stated by preservice counselors about the importance of ethical rules for field of counseling. The qualitative method were used for analyzing metaphors and convenience sampling technique were used for determining participants. 79 preservice counselors (45 females and 34 males) who were studying last year at department of guidance and counseling were the participants. An open-ended question form were conducted for qualitative data and the responses were taken in written form. After analyzing the responses, metaphors were grouped as themes and frequency and percentage of these themes were determined and found out that 75 metaphors were produced regarding counseling career ethics. These metaphors were categorized as four themes according to meaningful similarities among them. These themes are “sense of morality”, “keeping the justice”, “showing the path” and “providing information”. Moreover, it was determined that most common metaphors which preservice school counselors produced were moral (n=5), compass (n=4), moral rules (n=3), scales (n=3), traffic light (n=3). Because preservice counselors have produced meaningfully positive metaphors for counseling profession, it is obvious that preservice counselors are aware of that taking action according to the principles of career ethics is necessary for practices related with counseling profession.

간호대학생의 생명의료윤리 원칙 인식에 대한 분석

Objectives This study was attempted to identify and systematically understand how nursing students perceive the principles of biomedical ethics.
 Methods Through an open questionnaire, first-year nursing students who took a biomedical ethics lecture for one semester were asked to choose the most important principle among the four principles of biomedical ethics and write the rationale for it. A total of 99 subjects were analyzed using the content analysis method.
 Results Among the four biomedical ethics principles, the importance distribution was shown in the order of prin-ciple of respect for autonomy(45.5%), principle of nonmaleficence(29.3%), principle of beneficence(20.2%), and principle of justice(5.0%), and 14 themes and 42 statements supporting the basis were revealed. There were a total of 15 statements on the principle of respect for autonomy, and 4 themes were included: inherent rights, right to choose, right to know, and right to be respected(45.5%). There were a total of 15 statements on the principle of nonmaleficence, including 4 themes: avoiding harm, minimizing suffering, basic duties, and licensing as a nurse(29.3%). There were a total of 9 statements on the principle of beneficence, and 4 themes were included: the role of medical personnel, use of professional knowledge, active help, and human well-being(20.2%). There were a total of 3 statements on the principle of justice, including 2 themes: establishment of standards and fair-ness(5.0%).
 Conclusions It was confirmed that the students showed an active attitude to solidify their moral values and to cul-tivate a sense of ethics. In the undergraduate curriculum, not teacher-centered lectures, but learner-centered bi-oethics education that reflects students' understanding and feedback should be provided.

Moral Sense in Different Senses

ABSTRACT To understand the internal structure of moral positions and the nature of moral disagreements, it would be useful to have a “moral sense” model of our different types of moral sensitivity, from our relatively spontaneous friendliness to our appreciation for traditional community norms, ideal ethical norms, and spiritual appeals to ultimate concern. After the first round of modern moral sense theory in Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, and Edwards, most discussions of the moral sense concept have centered on general theses about moral value (objective or subjective, rational or emotional) without attending to this complexity. Even though the familiar positions in these discussions are not reconcilable on the plane of ethical theory, they need not be seen as simply antagonistic. Working with clearly differentiated senses of both “moral” and “sense,” this article refashions “moral sense theory” as a way of placing the insights of the classic moral sense theories, ethical rationalism, and a distinctly spiritual sensibility in a conceptually stable and empirically more discriminating order. The article also suggests strengthening the realist premise of moral sensing by invoking the model of a game player’s operational sense of how things are going in pursuit of a game’s objectives.

The Oxford Utilitarianism Scale: Psychometric properties of a French adaptation (OUS-Fr).

It is well established that one's sense of morality may be readily influenced by one's culture, education, and life situation. Very few psychometric tools are currently available to measure facets of human morality in different cultures. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a French adaptation of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS-Fr) and formally evaluate its validity. The OUS-Fr was developed through a process of back-translation and administered to a sample of 552 participants. Results from exploratory factor analyses revealed a bidimensional structure with satisfactory loadings that was then also supported in the confirmatory factor analysis check. The OUS-Fr scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, with acceptable internal consistency and coherent results in the convergent validity analyses. These findings contribute to morality measurement literature by providing evidence for the reliability and validity of the French adaptation of the OUS. The OUS-Fr can be viewed as a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners for assessing utilitarian tendencies within the French-speaking population, which could pave the way for cross-cultural understandings that are important for fully understanding the intricacies of human morality.

Emotion, Ethics, and Military Virtues

ABSTRACT It is common to think of warfare as a setting in which emotion can lead combatants to engage in unethical behavior. On this view, it is natural to conceptualize the aim of military ethics training as quelling the influence of emotion in combat in order to reduce the risk that military personnel are vulnerable to its influence. Recent research, however, indicates that what is called “emotion processing” is connected in important ways with moral judgment and behavior. In this view, acting ethically is not simply a matter of subordinating emotion to reason, but of responding with appropriate rather than inappropriate emotion. In this respect, such research challenges the powerful “rationalist” account of moral judgment and behavior. More fundamentally, it calls into question the distinction between reason and emotion as a way to understand our moral sensibilities. This article describes this research and discusses work on naturalistic decision-making and neuroscience that provide support for its insights. It then suggests ways in which such research is consistent with Aristotelian notions of character and virtue. Finally, it identifies ways in which some military training implicitly draws on lessons from this body of research, and suggests how it might do so more deliberately.

Etnopedagogi Kesenian Debus Sebagai Media Pendidikan Karakter Peserta Didik di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

Learning at all levels of education, from elementary school to senior high school, must contain local content. Learning and preserving local wisdom values is the primary concern of education. Debus art contains several values that can shape character and religious values contained in Debus art, namely piety to God Almighty, patience, cooperation, independence, hard work, discipline, and tolerance. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method starts with collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. The description method in its implementation was carried out as follows: Interview techniques, case studies (differentiating cases), comparative studies, behavior analysis, and document analysis. This research was carried out on students of SMKN 4 Kota Serang class XI TKRO. Debus is part of the diversity of arts and culture of the people of Banten. Debus's art exemplifies that internal culture in schools will emerge when students apply character education at school. Students are used to living with positive things. Students know their behavior is wrong, but they cannot get used to avoiding it. Debus art forms character in students, such as students having piety to God Almighty, a sense of cooperation, responsibility, discipline, hard work, morality, and ethics by the demands of an independent curriculum, namely developing the potential of students and improving the quality of education

The therapeutic effect of the integration of ideological and political education models and paroxetine treatment in universities on students’ entrepreneurial and employment anxiety disorder

Background Paroxetine is a commonly used psychotherapy drug, and the ideological and political education model in universities is an educational model aimed at cultivating students’ sense of social responsibility, professional ethics, and innovative spirit. The study on the therapeutic effect of combining ideological and political education in universities with paroxetine on students’ entrepreneurial and employment anxiety disorder aims to reduce anxiety symptoms and improve students’ mental health levels.Subjects and Methods This study studied 240 college students and randomly divided them into two groups: one group (n=120) received the intervention of the ideological and political education model combined with paroxetine treatment, while the other group (n=120) served as the control group and only received routine guidance and education. SAS (Self Rating Anxiety Scale) was mainly used to evaluate students’ anxiety symptoms, lasting for 12 weeks, and the effects were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, the anxiety scale score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference between the two was significant (P<0.05). The students in the intervention group showed significant progress in improving anxiety symptoms, clarity of career planning, and innovative attitudes.Conclusions This study shows that the combination of ideological and political education mode and paroxetine can significantly reduce the anxiety level of employment and entrepreneurship among college students, improve their attitude towards employment and entrepreneurship, and demonstrate broad application prospects.AcknowledgementThe Excellence Project for University Students (No. 2017XGJPJPF4006).

The Identity of Fate and the Identity of Choice: Between the Routine of Continuation and the Ordinariness of Rejection

Culture and religion still interrelate with one another. The presence of religious values in social life depends, above all, on the processes of constructing cultural identities in the course of socialization and education, which warrant the experience of the ontological realness of the social world. In the encyclical Veritatis splendor, John Paul II highlights the issue of culture, whose essence is “the moral sense, and which is in turn rooted and fulfilled in the religious sense.”[1] However, in the contemporary culture, there are strong tendencies to separate truth from freedom and faith from morality. As a result, “the moral sense” becomes dissociated from “the religious sense.”
 In this article, I introduce the category of fate which emphasizes reproducibility, the inter-generational reproduction of patterns of religious stances and practices, confessional affiliations on the level of obviousness of the profiles of social personality, and the natural character of the structures of the social world in which Christianity is “like the air” we breathe, indispensable to preserve our existence.
 In opposition to the culture of fate there is the culture of choice, described with the category of prefiguration which sets our imagination free from the obligatory character of the cultural and religious model of the past. The problem hinted at in the title of this article, is illustrated by the results of sociological research, which demonstrates attitudes of selective acceptance/rejection of the Decalogue and which becomes “the inverse Decalogue”,as such fitting into the liquid reality. Its sign is the imperative of choice which contributes to the deconstruction of the axiological invariants which are the basis of Christian civilization.

Physiotherapists' Ethical Climate and Work Satisfaction: A STROBE-Compliant Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Spanish physical therapists' perceptions of the ethical climate, their moral sensitivity (awareness of ethical issues), and job satisfaction. (2) Methods: the study analyzed descriptive correlational data on 104 physical therapists from three Spanish metropolitan hospitals. Respondents completed a demographic data form, an ethical climate questionnaire, a job satisfaction survey, and a moral sensitivity scale. This study complies with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. (3) Results: With a mean score of 4.2, physical therapists are typically content with their jobs. The mean scores for the moral sensitivity and ethical climate questionnaires are high, at 40.1 (SD 6.3) and 96.8 (SD 17.1), respectively. There is a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and ethical climate (r between 0.59 and 0.79) but only a weak correlation between job satisfaction and moral sensibility (r between 0 and 0.32 for the three aspects measured). (4) Conclusions: Generally speaking, physical therapists reported that they had high job satisfaction, a positive workplace environment, and excellent management support. Despite a weak relationship with moral sensibility, there is a strong association between ethical behavior, hospital organization, and higher levels of job satisfaction. It is important to encourage the development of moral sensibilities to boost psychological well-being and therapeutic decision-making.

Principals' Ethical Leadership Perspectives: A Narrative Inquiry

Everyone's top priority is ethics because it is the foundation of a prosperous society. The educational system is responsible for cultivating, fostering, and strengthening ethical sensibilities in society. Respected as innovators, explorers, and transformers of ethical awareness are educators and principals. Unfortunately, they lack the maturity and confusion necessary to serve as examples. They receive criticism as a result of their various unethical actions. This paper presents stories of school principals from their leadership experiences while drawing on ethical school leadership. The primary goal of this paper is to examine three-dimensional lived experiences: care ethics, justice ethics, and critiques of ethical leadership. We mainly focused on the principals' professional backgrounds, performances, and epistemological perspectives regarding ethical leadership. In-depth interviews from protracted interviews were used to create narratives as part of interpretivist narrative inquiry—four principals specifically chosen from Kathmandu Valley institutional schools. The interpretations were verified by pertinent literature. This study examined how ethical leadership promotes fairness in society and schools by valuing individuals. Crossing the structural line to include and empower the followers also takes courage. This research clarified the nature of the school leadership phenomenon so that concerned authorities could enhance matters. Additionally, it might direct readers toward moral principles that could serve as a fundamental tenet.

Exploring Ruskin Bond’s Environment Ethics in His Selected Short Stories

This paper explores the themes of environment ethics in Ruskin Bond's selected short stories. Bond, a pioneer of children’s literature, narrates stories that not only motivate readers with their simplicity but also impart profound ethical lessons. The term, ‘ethics’ denotes an enquiry about the ways of life and the code of conduct in a sustainable society. This ‘green study’ sheds light on how Bond's short stories serve as a repository of wisdom, guiding readers towards a path of environment ethics and eco-consciousness. By critically interpreting selected short stories, this study seeks to explore the impact of Bond's storytelling method to shape values and ethical sensibilities, making them essential reads for anyone seeking both literary delight and moral enlightenment. As Ruskin Bond has the perfect understanding of the child psychology, he believes in fostering curiosity, imagination, and a love for learning amongst children. His stories often encourage young minds to appreciate the flora and fauna around them. This scholarly paper includes stories such as The Cherry tree, The Coral Tree, Most Beautiful, The Funeral, Tiger Tiger Burning Bright, Dust on the Mountain and other stories dealing with environment ethics. In The Cherry Tree, Bond narrates the affinity between a growing cherry tree and a young boy, named Rakesh. Likewise, Bond delicately reveals the reactionary attitudes of the child protagonists in his other stories. Ruskin Bond has been regarded as one of the topmost bestsellers for a couple of decades since his publication of his bildungsroman The Room on the Roof (1956). He is a prescribed author in the curriculum of ICSE, CBSE, WBBSE and WBCHSE for his stories are part of school texts.

O1A7-02 Developing a sense of ethics in design students

O1A7-02 Developing a sense of ethics in design students

Introduction

Abstract This introduction engages with recent scholarship on what has been dubbed ‘lived’ forms of nonreligion. It aims to profile the anthropology of the secular and nonreligion, no longer treating it as a subdiscipline or ‘emerging trend’ but as a substantial contribution to general debates in anthropology. Drawing on the ethnographic contributions to this special issue, we explore how novel approaches to embodiment, materiality, moral sensibilities, conceptual distinctions, and everyday practices signal new pathways for an anthropology of nonreligion that can lead beyond hitherto dominant concerns with the political governance of religion(s). Critically engaging with the notion of ‘lived’ nonreligion, we highlight the potential of ethnographic approaches to provide a uniquely anthropological perspective on secularism, irreligion, atheism, skepticism, and related phenomena.

A Cross-Sectional, Decade-Long Examination of the Impacts of International Service Learning in Teacher Education

Background: The literature has expounded on the impacts of international service-learning (ISL) in teacher education as positively affecting everything from improving academic achievement to developing a greater moral and ethical sense. Other studies have examined the role of cultural competence and dimensions of power between those providing and receiving service. Purpose: This paper examines a decade-long ISL immersion program to understand the outcomes on students in three key areas that have received attention in the literature: motivation, employment, and academics. Methodology: A longitudinal case study comprising a cross-section of students who were asked to reflect on their immersion experiences, which took place from 2011 to 2020. Reflective journals completed during and directly after each immersion supplemented the survey data. Findings: While much of the data supports previous studies regarding the impacts of ISL, there are some anomalous findings, especially in the longer-term effects of ISL within teacher education. While participants’ perceptions of the impacts were significant, evidence of that impact was lacking. Implications: Although short-term impacts of the immersion were more significantly noted, students perceived the impact for more extended periods than previously thought. However, the evidence to suggest that these perceptions are realizable is lacking.

A theory of moral categorization: The conceptual performance of moral cognition

According to some traditional theories of categorization, human beings conceptually represent reality through judgments of similarity between the relevant features of some case, and the well-defined features of the concept that stands for the case. However, abstract concepts used with a moral sense do not have phenomenological resemblance with the cases they denote. In addition, concepts typically deployed in moral judgments are subject to semantic variation. Instead, this article proposes that moral categorization is based on an operational test that verifies whether certain impersonal (generic) and unconditional commands are observed or not in each specific case. The process of moral categorization is described using a cognitive procedure called "categorization by testing the command", consisting of five steps, namely: Descriptive stage, non-normative evaluation, normative question, conditional rule, and categorial construal. Finally, the phenomena of semantic polarity and semantic variation applied to the field of moral cognition are analyzed, to show how the proposed model can address the effects of these interpretive mechanisms.

Moralisation of medicines: The case of hydroxychloroquine

The concept of moralisation of health behaviours was introduced in social psychology to describe the attribution of moral properties to habits and conditions like smoking or being a vegetarian. Moral properties are powerful motivators for people and institutions, as they may trigger blame, stigma, and appraisal, as well as the polarisation of interest and scientific hype. Here I extend the concept and illustrate how medicines and treatments can be seen as if they had moral properties, too, when they come to be regarded as good or bad in the moral sense, and not just in the instrumental sense of benefiting or harming health. I propose the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) controversy of 2020 as an example of moralisation of a medicine. HCQ and chloroquine are anti-malarial drugs, whose off-label use for Covid-19 was hotly discussed in the early months of the pandemic, both in the media and within the scientific community, and eventually dismissed when robust evidence came out. The point of the paper is to show that moralisation of health products and treatments may influence individual and institutional decisions in significant ways, and also affect research. For these reasons, it should be carefully monitored and critically assessed.

Influences of Internal and External Factors on Morality

Morality concerns individuals in every society and is important for the normal functioning of the society. Individuals are guided by morality in daily activities and may engage in emotions such as moral anxiety when moral perceptions conflict with moral behaviours. This study provides a review of the factors that influence morality from both internal and external influences. The results indicated that external factors that influence morality include the upbringing environment, childhood experiences. The internal factors that influence morality mainly include the function of brain areas and mental disorders. On the base of the review of prior studies, this paper makes recommendations for future research and practice development. Future research should systematically compare the effects of innate and acquired factors. In addition, the link between the neural structure of the brain and morality beforehand needs to be further explored. More research methods from other research fields are yet to be newly applied in the field of moral sense research.

Awareness of Politeness Maxim in An Efl Context: A Case in Libya

Since the beginning of our societies, politeness has been the target of criticism. This criticism begins as early as childhood, and as a direct result, the politeness maxim has developed into an interesting topic of conversation. When we are acting or speaking, we must treat everyone politely. This obligation exists regardless of the context. We can maintain a polite manner in our vocal expressions even though our intentions are not particularly good for the people we speak with. For example, we must respect other people's perspectives, even if we vehemently disagree with them. Within the context of this piece, Leech's aphorisms act as the cornerstone upon which an investigation of civility is built. He recommended six distinct groups of etiquette maxims and provided examples for each. The primary focus of this research is on the extent to which university students in Libya studying English as a foreign language are aware of the need to maintain good manners. According to the abstract, the study's goal is to explore the level of knowledge held by Arab-Libyan and Amazigh-Libyan EFL students about the speech act of politeness maxim. This investigation will be carried out to determine the amount of knowledge possessed by these students. In the classroom of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), which serves as a learning environment? Because utterances must sound universal and acceptable to contemporary culture, the research recommends investigating the approval and agreement maxim in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. This is because these maxims make ethical sense in education.

Love, Papers, or Both: The Marriage Pathway and the Lay Moralities of Undocumented Filipino Immigrants

ABSTRACT This paper explores the moral sensibilities and capacities of undocumented Filipino immigrants within the context of the so-called “marriage pathway”—a route for regularization through marriage to a U.S. citizen. Advocating for the inclusion of the moral dimension in examinations of the social lives of undocumented immigrants, it explores how the Filipino immigrants’ lay moralities factor in their evaluations and decision-making regarding marriage and legalization, shedding light on their moral responses to consider or reject notions of marriage based on instrumental grounds. It argues further that the immigrants’ moral sentiments, empathy and fellow-feeling, enduring commitments to moral norms, and dispositions of care help overcome their status concerns and imbue their actions with moral force and legitimacy amidst social pressures to enter marriage with a view for regularization. Finally, it makes a case for the moral potency of moral communities as a source of meaning that immigrants respond to and identify with, suggesting that evaluations of immigrants’ marital motivations must also consider the quality and intensity of the ties within their networks of moral support.

Sex robots and the objectification of the human body: A Sub-Saharan African perspective

Sex robots, in a broad ethical sense, challenge our traditional social norms, sexual interactions, and how we visualise the human body. As a distinct sex stimulation technology, sex robots are ethically problematic because of the humanlike characteristics that these technologies embody. In this paper, I argue, on the one hand, that the design of sex robots objectifies the human body, from an African perspective, because of their humanoid appearance. This objectification of the human body contradicts the African conception of the human body as possessing inalienable dignity, vitality, and sacredness. On the other hand, I show how the designs of sex robots reinforce adverse stereotypical gender norms and standards of beauty. This paper is significant because it deploys sub-Saharan African values of sex and the human body to make a novel contribution to the ethical discourse of sex robots.