Moral Precepts Research Articles

Digital transition, data-and-tasks crowd-based economy, and the shared social progress: unveiling a new political economy from a European perspective

The current unequal distribution of the benefits of digital transition and data-and-tasks crowd-based economy is directly linked to an incomplete interpretation of the behaviour of economic agents and their effects. This article proposes a new economic vision of digitalisation based on overcoming the postulates of neoclassical (automation-oriented and implemented mainly in the US) and autocratic (control-oriented and implemented mainly in China) economics. It suggests recovering the evolutionary, social, institutional, ethical and humanistic precepts of political economy. Following this more plural and European conceptual orientation, the analysis shows that current inequality arises from a digital R&D&I process plagued by network, platform, bias and polarisation effects, from business models that foster automation, and from the emergence of large superstar firms or control organisations with excessive market and political power. The redirection of technological progress towards more democratic individual values and shared social welfare requires digital governance based on new incentives and taxes, a greater strategic and political orientation towards social sustainability, and a new transformative role for the State.

NILAI MORAL TRI HITA KARANA DALAM ALBUM “KERAMAT” CIPTAAN H. RHOMA IRAMA

The purpose of this study is to characterize Tri Hita Karana's moral principles as they appear in the H. Rhoma Irama album "Keramat". This study use content analysis as a qualitative tool. The findings of this study demonstrate that there are five moral values: (1) the value of honesty; (2) the value of discipline; (3) the value of caring for others and paying attention to them; (4) the value of respecting others; and (5) the value of fairness. Therefore, it may be claimed that one of the moral precepts present in the lyrics of many sacred songs is the moral precept of respect for other people. Suggestions (1) Teachers and music enthusiasts can learn a lot from this about overcoming obstacles in life. In addition, this holy song by H. Rhoma Irama has significant queries for all of us since it highlights how crucial it is for kids to obey their parents, particularly the mother who gave birth, reared, and took care of us all. The researcher proposes that listeners and admirers of this song should incorporate the five moral principles into their daily lives so that they can safeguard others no matter where they are; (3) the purpose of this research is to encourage readers to delve deeper into other albums to find more inspiration. It also serves as a resource for other scholars who bring up pertinent study topics.

C. S. Lewis’s THE GREAT DIVORCE—The Misunderstood Dynamics between the Self and the Other

‘Love your neighbour as yourself’ (NIV, Mark 12.31) and ‘Do to others as you would have them do to you’ (Luke 6.31) are the key commandments from the Bible and the drive of an emotionally intelligent existence. The inability of humans to abide by them creates a chasm between the Self and the Other. The Self defines and actualizes itself only in relation to Another. However, a great divorce ensues when the will, the ethical precepts, and the actions of humans fail to be responsibly exercised for the benefit of one’s own Self and that of the Other. C. S. Lewis’s fantasy The Great Divorce sheds light on the way the Self emerges as a consequence of making choices. The focus of this article is therefore on the reception of Lewis’s book from the perspective of emotional intelligence, of Paul Ricoeur’s Oneself as Another and Martin Buber’s I and Thou, also resorting to concepts from Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy and J. L. Austin’s speech acts since in any relationship the Self is faced with Another and can only understand oneself and create meaning by accurately perceiving the Others and communicating with them.

MORAL ASPECTS OF DUTY AS A VALUE

Law and morality are integral and important components of modern society and play an important role in regulating relations within it. Norms of law and morality are closely intertwined in the process of social regulation, which determines the mutual influence on the essential content of each of them. The interaction of the two categories is reflected in the fact that the law contributes to the realization of moral principles in the minds of all members of society, in turn, under the influence of moral requirements, the law is constantly improved and increases its role as a social regulator of social relations. In addition, the interaction of morality and law is manifested in the fact that today both the national law of most states of the world and international law use such well-known principles as humanism, justice, equality, integrity, which are a reflection of the influence of moral principles on the formation of law in general. In other words, legal norms, in order to ensure the effectiveness of their action, respond to the moral requirements of modern society, reflecting them in their content. It is no less important to pay attention to the implementation of moral aspects in the formulation of legal obligations incumbent on citizens, since the level of their implementation and compliance directly depends on the level of implementation of moral principles and values prevailing in society. Regarding the moral aspects of duty as a value, it is worth noting that the process of formation of a legal duty was closely related to the precepts of morality, which was also reflected in the modern interpretation of duties. That is why we consider it expedient to investigate legal duty as a value for the presence of moral aspects in it and the importance of moral aspects in modern legal duty.

An assessment of Journalists’ Compliance to the Ethical Precepts of Objectivity and Balance in Reporting the 2023 General Election: A Study of Journalists in Imo State

An assessment of Journalists’ Compliance to the Ethical Precepts of Objectivity and Balance in Reporting the 2023 General Election: A Study of Journalists in Imo State

Humanity Defined, Hypocrisy Defied: Sacralizing the Black Freedom Struggle, 1930–60

The white ecclesia in the United States either opposed or equivocated on the matter of the humanity of African Americans. The 1939 unification of majority white Methodist bodies, for example, structurally segregated black members into a separate Central Jurisdiction. This action mimicked practices in the broader body politic that crystallized in American society both de jure and de facto systems of second-class citizenship for African Americans. This hypocrisy mobilized adherents of Gandhian non-violence and elicited from them tenets and tactics which energized moral methodologies that defeated a church and civic collusion that perpetrated black subordination. Interracial alliances derived from the ecclesia and parachurch organizations articulated non-violence as a moral precept that sacralized a grassroots civil rights movement. This initiative morally discredited the racial hypocrisy aimed at America's formerly enslaved and segregated population.

Exploring the Role of Religious Studies in Developing Moral Values among Secondary Schools Learners in the Northern Region of Lesotho

Similar to many other countries, Lesotho has experienced growing concerns regarding moral decay among youth in recent years. This concern could be attributed to various factors, such as rapid socio-economic changes, advancements in technology, and shifting societal norms. Consequently, negative consequences have arisen, including drug abuse, disrespect for constituted authority, and disengagement from academics among learners. The study therefore intents to explore the efficacy of religious studies in addressing moral erosion and developing ethical behaviour to ensure its effective implementation and impact. This study adopts the Cognitive Dissonance Theory as a framework to investigate the potential of religious studies in secondary schools as a means to develop ethical behaviour and address the increase in moral decay among learners. Through purposive sampling, six teachers from six member schools of the religious studies association in the northern region of Lesotho were selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study indicate that moral decay among learners is primarily influenced by factors such as poverty, lack of parental guidance, limited access to education, and dysfunctional family structures. Furthermore, the study reveals that religious studies content and various teaching approaches have the potential to cultivate moral values and counteract moral decadence among learners. The study recommends that teachers receive continuous professional development and support to enhance their pedagogical skills in effectively delivering moral education through religious studies. Moral instruction curriculum rather than religious studies curriculum should be introduced. The curriculum should accommodate all religions’ moral precepts.

Relation-intersectional Ethics Trestle: A Harmonious Merging of Relational Ethics and Intersectionality

This article endeavors to merge relational ethics with the theory of intersectionality to create a harmonious platform that could support understanding and applications of their essential concepts in today's diverse and complex health care environments. The key tenets of both frameworks are provided followed by an explanation of a coalesced conceptualization and illustration of a relation-intersectional ethics trestle for consideration of its adaptability in the health care workplace and post-secondary education curriculum. The main objective is to explain and promote the benefits of integrating the chief precepts of relational ethics and the theory of intersectionality to further strengthen the way health care providers support patients in ethical decision-making. The relation-intersectional ethics trestle aims to support the construction of authentic and mutually respectful therapeutic relationships in clinical settings where ethics and intersectionality unite.

ETHNOCULTURAL VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY KAZAKH POETRY: (based on the work by poet A. Shegebay)

This article delves into an examination of the ethnocultural values prevalent among Kazakh people, drawing insights from the corpus of modern Kazakh poetry. Specifically, the works of the esteemed poet A. Shegebay are scrutinized within the context of ethnocultural values. The significance of investigating national values and ethnocultural worldviews through the lens of poetry is paramount. The phenomenon of globalization and the political transformations witnessed in modern Kazakh history have left an indelible mark on the nation's culture, spirituality, and, notably, its poetry. Embedded within the fabric of Kazakh society are enduring moral precepts, transmitted across generations, which constitute the bedrock of national values. The language, mindset, customs, literature, and artistic expressions of v collectively represent a reservoir of spiritual wealth that has been meticulously preserved through the ages. It is through these spiritual moorings that the national and cultural identity of the Kazakh populace finds its enduring anchor. Against this backdrop, this article undertakes a meticulous analysis of select poems by A. Shegebay, namely "Besik," "Kara Shanyrak," "Kokpar," and "Taba Nan," from the vantage point of ethnocultural values. It is recognized that the essence of any people and their worldview are inexorably shaped by national and cultural constructs, finding eloquent expression in poetry as the quintessential vehicle for the collective consciousness of a people. Through empirical investigation, this study identifies and delineates the national-cultural concepts embedded within contemporary Kazakh poetry. Moreover, it discerns that the character of the ethnocultural worldview articulated in Kazakh poetry is a product of historical, social, and individual factors. The ideological and thematic contours of Kazakh poetry in the age of globalization are thus discerned to be intricately entwined with ethnocultural values and the collective identity of the nation.

Safely balancing a double-edged blade: identifying and mitigating emerging biosecurity risks in precision medicine.

Tools and methods of precision medicine are developing rapidly, through both iterative discoveries enabled by innovations in biomedical research (e.g., genome editing, synthetic biology, bioengineered devices). These are strengthened by advancements in information technology and the increasing body of data-as assimilated, analyzed, and made accessible-and affectable-through current and emerging cyber-and systems- technologies. Taken together, these approaches afford ever greater volume and availability of individual and collective human data. Machine learning and/or artificial intelligence approaches are broadening this dual use risk; and in the aftermath of COVID-19, there is growing incentive and impetus to gather more biological data from individuals and their environments on a routine basis. By engaging these data-and the interventions that are based upon them, precision medicine offer promise of highly individualized treatments for disease and injury, optimization of structure and function, and concomitantly, the potential for (mis) using data to incur harm. This double-edged blade of benefit and risk obligates the need to safeguard human data from purloinment, through systems, guidelines and policies of a novel discipline, cyberbiosecurity, which, as coupled to ethical precepts, aims to protect human privacy, agency, and safety in ways that remain apace with scientific and technological advances in biomedicine. Herein, current capabilities and trajectories precision medicine are described as relevant to their dual use potential, and approaches to biodata security (viz.- cyberbiosecurity) are proposed and discussed.

Overview of Healthcare-Related Infections in Intensive Care Units of a public hospital

Introduction: Healthcare-Associated Infections are illnesses acquired after the patient's admission to the hospital unit and which manifest themselves during hospitalization or after discharge. Aim: To analyze the panorama of health-related infections in patients admitted to intensive care units. Outlining: Cross-sectional, retrospective study, collected from the Hospital Infection Control Commission database in a public hospital from July to December 2022. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regressions. The study followed the ethical and legal precepts of resolution 466/2012. Results: There was a predominance of males and those aged over 60 years. The main clinical problems were co infection with COVID-19 and co-infection with HIV. Regarding previous conditions, Systemic Arterial Hypertension stood out. When analyzing the etiological agents, the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a marginally significant association with an increase in the chances of death. Implications: The use of invasive devices, prolonged hospital stay and other factors such as age, associated comorbidities, were predictors of mortality among patients, as well as risk factors for the development of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase infection.

UNVERIFIED INFORMATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: ANALYSIS FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

In contemporary society, social media has evolved into an indispensable and pervasive tool, impacting individuals worldwide across various dimensions, including the personal, social, economic, and political spheres. The basic expectation from social networks is to serve the people and society by providing important, authentic information and verified news. Unfortunately, false news, rumours and fabricated information on social networks have become a threat to individuals, and a destructive tool for peace and societal harmony. The unregulated proliferation of hoaxes on social networks can lead to a myriad of societal disruptions and issues, thereby intensifying the need for harmonious and peaceful coexistence as advocated by both individuals and society at large. This is a qualitative descriptive article that explores the Islamic understanding and rulings on the spread of unverified information in social networks intentionally for gaining personal interest or political advantages. The article also recommends some ethical and moral precepts of revealed knowledge to ensure the proper use of social networks for the benefit of individuals and community, and to avoid unethical violation and immoral actions.

Virtues and vocation: An historical perspective on scientific integrity in the twenty-first century

According to the Dutch chemist Gerrit Jan Mulder (1802–1880), the principal aim of university education was character building and moral edification. Professional training was of secondary importance. Mulder’s ideas about the vocation and moral mission of the university professor can serve as a historical counterpart to later Weberian, Mertonian, and contemporary ideas on the ethos of science. I argue that a revaluation of the moral precepts that Mulder saw as defining the life of an academic is helpful in dealing with the problems of late modern science, such as the replication crisis and research misconduct. Addressing such problems must start in the university classrooms. To empower students to internalize the principles of responsible conduct of research, we need an updated version of Mulder’s idea of the university professor as a moral agent.

FAITH IN GOD – AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF TODAY’S YOUTH EDUCATION

In contemporary society marked by secularized tendencies, sometimes aggressive towards the universe of religious faith, a mentality is taking shape according to which religious education must be separated from formal education in school and reduced to the Church, thus depriving today's young people of the knowledge of an authentic, spiritual experience. Religious education is not in conflict with science and scientific knowledge, but responds to the inner needs of young people, which are particularly concerned with the heavenly and eternal dimension. From the moment of creation, man has always longed for eternity, and a Christian education from childhood helps him to fulfil this longing. An authentic and permanent Christian education offers children and young people the prospect of a Christian life, the power to fulfil the evangelical moral precepts which lead to fulfilment.

Pediatric Decision-Making for Children in State Custody.

In summer 2022, six points of consensus emerged from a symposium addressing the question, "In the context of U.S. pediatric care, what moral precepts ought to guide parents and clinicians in medical decision making for children?" (Salter et al. 2023). The authors of this statement wrote, however, that the points of consensus may require modification or may not apply in their entirety to children in state custody. This article addresses the consensus recommendations in the context of the thousands of children removed annually from the custody of their parents. While the consensus statements developed at the symposium provide a good starting point for decision-making in the context of these children, some alterations and nuance must be applied to attend to the specific needs of this population. The article works through what special considerations and changes ought to be made to expand the reach of the original points of consensus without neglecting the particular conditions of children in state custody, as well as their parents and caregivers.

Percepção de estresse, síndrome de Burnout e estratégias de enfrentamento em cuidadores de pessoas idosas institucionalizadas: estudo de correlação

Abstract Introduction Acting as a caregiver for institutionalized elderly people has been shown to be susceptible to stress, which in a chronic and adaptive way can lead to Burnout syndrome. In this context, coping strategies can mitigate or delay the negative impact of organizational factors. Objectives To analyze the perception of stress and burnout syndrome in formal caregivers of institutionalized elderly people and to verify their correlation with coping strategies. Method A cross-sectional study conducted with 54 professionals who provide care to elderly people living in three long-term care institutions. A sociodemographic, labor and health characterization questionnaire was used; the Perceived Stress Scale; the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS); and the Occupational Coping Scale were also used. The correlation between the values obtained by the instruments was verified using the LOESS statistical method. All ethical precepts were followed. Results There was a predominance of female participants, aged between 36 and 51 years, completed high school, married and with children, with a monthly family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the perception of stress and burnout, as well as a trend in which higher levels of coping strategies exert a negative correlation on the perception of stress, regardless of the syndrome. Conclusion Screening for stress and burnout syndrome in professionals who provide care to institutionalized elderly people is important to implement preventive actions aimed at this population, and can mitigate physical, emotional, and psychological disorders.

Ethical challenges in the use of digital technologies in psychological science: Introduction to the special issue.

Digital technologies are pervasive in every aspect of our daily lives. The proliferation of such technologies has also influenced the conduct of biomedical, behavioral, and social research. The articles in this special issue provide illustrative examples of the range of applications of digital technologies in psychological science research across a variety of populations. They highlight ethical, legal, and social issues that emerge when digital technologies are employed in psychological science research in the current era of rapid technological change, increasing prevalence of interdisciplinary team science, evolving understandings of ethical precepts and social norms, and promoting open science. This introduction to the special issue provides an overview of challenges to the Belmont principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice revealed in the 10 articles. The conclusions reached are that these ethical principles do not always adapt well to the digital environment and that practices cannot always be uniquely classified under one of these three headings. We recommend that conceptual work and practical guidance be undertaken to expand the interpretation of these principles in the light of evolving societal norms and emerging ethical issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Rescue Mission: From Confucian Corruption to Protestant Conscience at the Turn of Nineteenth Century Korea

Abstract: This article is an account of the changing conceptualization of Confucianism by Protestant missionaries and Korean Protestant believers at the turn of the twentieth century. The Koreans and Anglo-American missionaries each identified different moral and political reasons for religious conversion. Key to the missionary notion was a proper religion. A religion proper is premised in the Revelation in the Scripture and verifiable in history and is distinct from a set of abstract ethical precepts. To this end, the missionaries deployed various catechisms with reference to comparative chronology and the rational basis of souls. On the other hand, the converts were attracted to the political possibilities of Protestant religion. The converting Koreans saw potential in reforming and regenerating public and private morality, arguing that Confucianism had exhausted its ethical resources. However, the closure of the political possibilities by the 1900s prompted the missionaries to explore other avenues such as Christian moral psychology. This reflected the missionaries' emphasis on post-mortem individual salvation, leading to a renewed conceptual focus on inner conscience rooted in Christian moral and natural science.

Ethical challenges in research regarding aging population.

Aging population is a global reality that forces public policies based on transdisciplinary research focused on older adults. This raises a series of issues, such as feasability, inequalities, inequities, vulnerability, access to the products generated, and ability to consent, among others. This essay's objective is to reflect on some of the questions that arise from this reality, review basic precepts of research ethics in human beings, and expose the challenges for updating the current guidelines for ethical biomedical research. Aged adults participating in clinical research should be respected, assured of an adequate risk/benefit balance, and selected fairly. The available guidelines generally recognize these basic principles, but they are not entirely guaranteed, as evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This issue poses various ethical challenges and deserves to be considered in the guidelines and regulations for biomedical research with the participation of older adults.

JUST MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATIONIN THE ISLAMIC WORLDVIEW

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between justice, just measurement, and the Islamic worldview. It explores how the concept of justice in Islam extends beyond mere convenience, gaining spiritual significance with the advent of the religion. Precise measurements play a vital role in various acts of devotion, from determining prayer directions to calculating times for obligatory and non-obligatory rituals. The paper also discusses Islamic perspective on life as a series of tests, where evaluation and measurement are pivotal. The accumulation of deeds, intentions, and actions is meticulously recorded, serving as both incentives and deterrents. The consequences of these measures are experienced in the Hereafter, influencing ones eternal fate.Self-evaluation is highlighted as a means of measuring ones own faith and deeds, ultimately promoting self-improvement. Justice is portrayed as a central moral precept, tied to prosperity, faith expression, and moral excellence. The Quran is referred to as the ultimate measure for upholding morality.This discussion emphasizes the significance of just measurement in various contexts, including economics, governance, and educational assessment. The importance of moral measurement and judgment throughout history is discussed, aligning with Islamic principles and promoting excellence in society.In conclusion, this paper underscores the ethical obligation of applying just measurements and evaluations, rooted in the principles of Islam and methods of validity, to promote justice and moral integrity in various aspects of life.