Ethical Perspective Research Articles

Menganalisis Ekonomi Dalam Islam Yang Berkaitan Dengan Aspek Hukum Dalam Bisnis

Islamic economics is a scientific discipline that integrates economic principles with Islamic teachings. In the Islamic economic framework, business activities are not only viewed from a profit perspective, but also from an ethical and social responsibility perspective. The Islamic economic approach to business rejects the practices of riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (speculation), and requires the implementation of a system based on profit sharing such as mudharabah and musyarakah. In addition, in carrying out business, it must always be ensured that the goods and services traded are halal and good, in accordance with the principles of halal and thayyib. The principles of economic growth in Islam include tawhid, rubiyyah, caliphate, and tazkiyah. It is hoped that by complying with sharia business ethics, a Muslim entrepreneur can maintain his business because he will always receive the blessings of Allah SWT both in this world and in the hereafter.

Managing CCTV in Indonesian Hospitals: A Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Perspective

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in Indonesian hospitals presents significant legal, ethical, and managerial challenges, particularly due to unclear regulations governing its installation in clinic rooms. The absence of specific guidelines raises legal uncertainties, casting doubt on patient privacy and the hospital's responsibility for safeguarding sensitive medical information. Ethical concerns intensify as the use of CCTV in clinic rooms may lead to potential privacy violations in the absence of clear regulations. This condition certainly poses managerial challenges for hospitals, affecting resource allocation, personnel training, and the management of data related to the CCTV system. Effectively managing this system becomes crucial to balance surveillance needs with privacy protection. Hence, this research aims to explore legal uncertainties surrounding CCTV installation, identify ethical issues, and evaluate managerial impacts. The study seeks to offer profound insights, aiding the development of pertinent policies, ethical frameworks, and effective managerial strategies for a balanced and responsible CCTV implementation in healthcare settings.

Perceptions of Black faculty encounters with racism through a collaborative autoethnographical lens: CRT and moral reasoning perspectives

Foreign-born scholars as allies from non-advantaged minoritized groups have historically provided critical insights about the racism that is directed at Black people in a racially driven U.S. society. The current collaborative autoethnography is based on the intersecting paths of three university faculty, a Black female scholar and two international J-1 scholars, who documented through personal narratives the racism that is directed at Black faculty at PWIs, drawing from critical race and moral reasoning interpretative frameworks. Building on previous research, the narratives shed light on how anti-Black racism persists at PWIs in the form of micro-aggressions and race-based hostility and that humanizing reparation efforts are warranted but may not be sufficient to ensure comprehensive change. Future research must explore the potential impact of group action initiatives among BIPOC and other minoritized faculty groups (national, international) to promote faculty protections in general while challenging anti-Black racism specifically.

The environmental model of mindfulness

This paper introduces the environmental model of mindfulness, a novel perspective that conceptualizes mindfulness as an adaptive set of cognitive styles influenced by specific socioecological contexts. Extending upon existing conceptualizations of mindfulness as a cultivated trait or practice, the environmental model describes how mindfulness can also result from cognitive adaptations to immediate-return environments. Through an interdisciplinary synthesis of cognitive psychology, anthropology, and environmental studies, four key factors are identified that foster mindful cognitive styles in immediate-return environments: immediate feedback, observational learning, nature exposure, and interconnected self-construal. By examining Indigenous communities living in immediate-return environments, this paper demonstrates how modern, delayed-return environments may inadvertently suppress innate mindful awareness, suggesting that mindfulness practices might be attempts to recalibrate toward more natural cognitive styles. The environmental model bridges Western medical and Eastern ethical perspectives on mindfulness, offering a unifying framework that acknowledges cognitive, environmental, and cultural influences. This approach not only enriches our understanding of human cognitive functioning but also broadens cultural perspectives on mindfulness, highlighting its manifestations across diverse sociocultural contexts. The model has profound implications for mindfulness research and interventions, providing a foundation for more ecologically valid and culturally sensitive approaches to fostering wellbeing. It invites a fundamental reconsideration of the relationship between human cognition and the environment, potentially revolutionizing our approach to mental health and cognitive enhancement in an increasingly complex world. This paper stands as a call to action for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to rethink fundamental assumptions about human cognition and design environments that support our innate capacity for mindful awareness.

Is AI my co-author? The ethics of using artificial intelligence in scientific publishing

ABSTRACT The recent emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led people to wonder whether they could act as an author on a scientific paper. This paper argues that AI systems should not be included on the author by-line. We agree with current commentators that LLMs are incapable of taking responsibility for their work and thus do not meet current authorship guidelines. We identify other problems with responsibility and authorship. In addition, the problems go deeper as AI tools also do not write in a meaningful sense nor do they have persistent identities. From a broader publication ethics perspective, adopting AI authorship would have detrimental effects on an already overly competitive and stressed publishing ecosystem. Deterrence is possible as backward-looking tools will likely be able to identify past AI usage. Finally, we question the value of using AI to produce more research simply for publication’s sake.

Four provocations for rich digital ethnographic research situated in social media networks

ABSTRACT Scholars engaging in social media research involving direct observation of users draw from a range of research methods, each with their own benefits and challenges. From an ethical perspective, research that engages with direct observation of user experiences and practices on these platforms exposes the investigator to a range of content which may have been intended for a private or semi-public audience, further complicating already debated ethical positions into what is considered ‘public’ content. This paper presents four provocations from a digital ethnography into user agency and practices on these platforms to demonstrate how direct observation methods can be practically implemented to ensure an ethical approach to data collection. It highlights how the distribution principle of contextual integrity can be used to guide the development of collection methods where content from participant’s networked connections is unavoidable, and where informed consent is unfeasible to obtain from these social media users.

Evaluation of score-based tertiary triage policies during the COVID-19 pandemic: simulation study with real-world intensive care data.

The explicit prohibition of discontinuing intensive care unit (ICU) treatment that has already begun by the newly established German Triage Act in favor of new patients with better prognoses (tertiary triage) under crisis conditions may prevent saving as many patients as possible and therefore may violate the international well-accepted premise of undertaking the "best for the most" patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities set up lockdown measures and infection-prevention strategies to avoid an overburdened health-care system. In cases of situational overload of ICU resources, when transporting options are exhausted, the question of atertiary triage of patients arises. We provide data-driven analyses of score- and non-score-based tertiary triage policies using simulation and real-world electronic health record data in aCOVID-19 setting. Ten different triage policies, for example, based on the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPSII), are compared based on the resulting mortality in the ICU and inferential statistics. Our study shows that score-based tertiary triage policies outperform non-score-based tertiary triage policies including compliance with the German Triage Act. Based on our simulation model, aSAPSII score-based tertiary triage policy reduces mortality in the ICU by up to 18percentage points. The longer the queue of critical care patients waiting for ICU treatment and the larger the maximum number of patients subject to tertiary triage, the greater the effect on the reduction of mortality in the ICU. ASAPSII score-based tertiary triage policy was superior in our simulation model. Random allocation or "first come, first served" policies yield the lowest survival rates, as will adherence to the new German Triage Act. An interdisciplinary discussion including an ethical and legal perspective is important for the social interpretation of our data-driven results.

The Views of Islamic Business Ethics on Printing Business Competition

In this study, the researcher focused on competition in the printing business from the perspective of Islamic business ethics. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis. This research aims to identify business competition in the effectiveness of Islamic business ethics applied by printing business owners. Participants in this research are owners, employees and customers. In obtaining data in the field, observation, interviews and documentation are used. The results of the research obtained are: Business Competition in the Perspective of Islamic Business Ethics is going well even though the printing business owners in Talang Babat are not very knowledgeable in religious knowledge, but they believe that the business they run is in accordance with Islamic teachings and does not harm the printing business, they compete. in a healthy manner and not tearing each other down.

Off the Guardrails: Opportunities and Caveats for Name Image Likeness and the [Student] Athlete Influencer

The landscape of college athletics is undergoing a seismic shift with the advent of Name, Image, and Likeness (“NIL”) opportunities for student-athletes. In Off the Guardrails: Opportunities and Caveats for Name Image Likeness and the [Student] Athlete Influencer, Professor Maureen A. Weston examines the evolving terrain, tracing the journey from the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (“NCAA’s”) rigid amateurism policies to the current era of NIL legislation and its implications. This Article navigates the complex intersection of athlete empowerment, entrepreneurial ventures, and regulatory challenges, shedding light on the multifaceted opportunities and risks for athletes in the burgeoning NIL market. Delving into the heart of the matter, Weston dissects the dynamics of NIL dealmaking, unveiling the potential windfalls and pitfalls awaiting collegiate student-athletes. From the allure of financial independence to the specter of predatory practices and regulatory ambiguities, the author uncovers the intricate tapestry of concerns surrounding the NIL framework. Drawing on insights from legal, regulatory, and ethical perspectives, Off the Guardrails offers a roadmap for those navigating this uncharted territory, exploring avenues for policy reform, regulatory harmonization, and athlete welfare safeguards in the quest for a balanced and equitable future for student-athlete influencers.

A dialog between Sino-Western legal traditions: Yan Fu’s translation of “natural law” in Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws

As an integral component of legal culture, legal concepts possess distinct cultural characteristics. Translating legal concepts between different cultures to facilitate effective cultural exchange and mutual understanding poses a significant challenge for legal translators. This paper examines Yan Fu’s Chinese translation of “natural law”, a key concept in Montesquieu’s classic The Spirit of Laws, as a case study to analyze the connection between legal translation and cultural traditions in the socio-historical contexts of the early 20th century China. By analyzing Yan’s choice of words, the paper unveils how Yan Fu reinterpreted Western natural law from both religious and ethical perspectives, thereby creating a dynamic dialog between Sino-Western legal cultural traditions.

Overcoming False Dilemmas: An Ethics of Care Perspective on Animal Experimentation and Scientific Progress

The assumption that animal experimentation is necessary for the advancement of science creates a tension between our desire for scientific progress and the need to respect the rights of animals. However, the necessity of animal experimentation for scientific progress is not well- founded. Also this tension is an extension of a false dichotomy that implies our values and objective science contradict each other. In recent years, the view that better care for animals will provide more reliable scientific data and will reduce ethical concerns regarding animal experimentation has become widespread. However, the developments in the recently emerging care literature do not offer a new ethical perspective, but only acknowledge the suffering of animals as a factor that should be taken into account within utilitarian ethics. In this article, we will try to show that a feminist ethics of care perspective that is not based on utilitarianism can lead both to a methodologically better science and an ethically acceptable scientific practice.

Artificial intelligence and headache.

In this narrative review, we introduce key artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) concepts, aimed at headache clinicians and researchers. Thereafter, we thoroughly review the use of AI in headache, based on a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase and IEEExplore. Finally, we discuss limitations, as well as ethical and political perspectives. We identified six main research topics. First, natural language processing can be used to effectively extract and systematize unstructured headache research data, such as from electronic health records. Second, the most common application of ML is for classification of headache disorders, typically based on clinical record data, or neuroimaging data, with accuracies ranging from around 60% to well over 90%. Third, ML is used for prediction of headache disease trajectories. Fourth, ML shows promise in forecasting of headaches using self-reported data such as triggers and premonitory symptoms, data from wearable sensors and external data. Fifth and sixth, ML can be used for prediction of treatment responses and inference of treatment effects, respectively, aiming to optimize and individualize headache management. The potential uses of AI and ML in headache are broad, but, at present, many studies suffer from poor reporting and lack out-of-sample evaluation, and most models are not validated in a clinical setting.

A Vicarious Moral Cleansing Perspective of Follower Misconduct and Leader Moral Behavior

A Vicarious Moral Cleansing Perspective of Follower Misconduct and Leader Moral Behavior

Exploring Team Efficiency and Creativity Under Moral Leadership: A Moral Foundations Perspective

Exploring Team Efficiency and Creativity Under Moral Leadership: A Moral Foundations Perspective

Development of Biomedical Technology from the Perspective of Ethics and Law

The normative and safeguarding role of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology, as well as their importance in promoting the progress of the industry, analyzed the key role of ethics and law in the field of biomedical science and technology, by restricting scientific research behavior, protecting the rights and safety of subjects, providing a solid guarantee for scientific research activities, and promoting the healthy development of biomedical science and technology. At the same time, the positive role of ethics and law in promoting international cooperation and exchange of biomedical science and technology is also discussed, which will inject strong impetus into the global development of biomedical science and technology. In addition, through case analysis, the paper demonstrates the key role of ethical review in the field of biomedical science and technology, as well as the importance of law in maintaining market order, protecting subjects' rights and interests, and fairness and justice. The successful practice of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology is emphasized, which proves that following ethical principles and legal framework is the key factor to promote the progress of biomedical science and technology. This paper explores the important role of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology, and provides valuable reference and guidance for practitioners in the industry. By following ethical principles and legal norms, we will jointly promote the prosperity and development of biomedical science and technology, and contribute to the common progress of human health.

Self-interest or ethic: Consumer segmentation for purchasing agricultural products online based on attitude in China

This paper aims to segment online consumers based on their attitude toward self-interest and ethical attitudes and explore the impact of these attitudes on the purchasing behavior of agricultural products online in China. The study was conducted using 633 online survey responses from consumers who have purchased agricultural products online in China. First, to validate the relationship between attitude and behavior by structural equation modeling. Next, the number of segments was determined using K-means. Finally, Pearson Chi-square difference tests were performed to analyze demographic and behavioral variables and identify each segment’s characteristics. The results of this study provide a segmentation analysis of the online market for agricultural products in China. The four segments identified are pure ethical consumers, information communicators, brand-quality pursuers, and well-heeled shoppers. Additionally, this study reveals the characteristics of each segment based on demographic and behavioral variables. This study provides a novel approach to segmenting Chinese consumers who purchase agricultural products online based on their attitudes toward self-interest and ethical attitudes, aiming to understand the impact of these attitudes on their purchasing behavior. Moreover, from an ethical consumerism perspective, it explores the effect of ethical information on purchasing agricultural products online, highlighting its significant implications for online marketing strategies.

Comparative study of article 10 letter c of law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection and sharia business law in online clothing sales

Background: This article discusses the problems faced by buyers in online buying and selling, in the form of advertisements that do not match the products being sold. For this reason, researchers are interested in conducting research with the title Comparative Study of Article 10 Letter C of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Sharia Business Law in Online Clothes Buying and Selling by examining three online shops, namely Sa**tri.Store 1**6611424, N**la.Fasshion, and Ocyd Clothing Official. Methods: The research method uses empirical juridical, with a phenomenological and conceptual approach. Data analysis uses inductive and descriptive methods. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires and library data. Findings: The results of the research show that the two online stores studied, namely Sa**tri.Store 1**6611424, and N**la.Fasshion are known to have committed fraud with advertising media that is misleading and contains elements of gharar and jahalah. Conclusion: Meanwhile, the Ocyd Clothing Official online shop is known to comply with applicable regulations, both from the Consumer Protection Law and Sharia Business Law. Novelty/Originality of this Study: Its comparative analysis of Article 10, Letter C of Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection with Sharia Business Law, specifically within the context of online clothing sales, provides a unique examination of legal and ethical perspectives. This approach highlights the differences and commonalities in addressing false advertising in Indonesia's burgeoning e-commerce sector.

The Use of Children as Influencers and the Harmful Effects on their Health and Rights as Human Beings

With the developments of recent years, "influencers" have appeared in social media. Influencers usually specialize in a specific field or industry, such as beauty, fashion, fitness, travel or food, and are known for their expertise, creativity and originality. They create and share content on social media platforms like Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, using their platforms to build a network of loyal followers and establish themselves as thought leaders in their respective fields. Influencers partner with brands to promote products or services to their followers through sponsored posts or collaborations. These partnerships can be profitable for both the influencer and the brand as they can increase brand awareness, drive sales and build brand loyalty, who are in reality celebrities or not who market various products, services and in this way they influence people. Every day more and more influencers have been added in our country, as well as in other countries, and children are included in their work. It has already become normal or tradition for an influential woman to open an "account" for the newly born child, publish photos/videos of the child and gradually start advertising various baby products, influencing the masses. The practice of "kidfluencing" raises ethical concerns about the commodification of childhood, to be seen as products, and for their rights. This is the object of treatment in this paper. Through which it is intended to analyze the rights that are violated to the child and the harmful effects for the child from the "kidfluencing" practice. This topic critically examines the moral dilemmas and challenges in regulating child abuse practices from the perspective of ethics, child welfare and legal protection of the child's best interests, analyzing the implications of the commodification of childhood and the potential harm it can cause. Received: 2 June 2024 / Accepted: 25 July 2024 / Published: 29 July 2024

Narrative review on ethical and psychological issues raised by genetic and genomic testing in pediatric oncology care.

In pediatric oncology, genetic and genomic tests are proposed throughout the care pathway for many reasons (e.g., cancer characterization, identification of the most appropriate treatment, patient selection for clinical trials, identification of tissue/organ donors, or risk of relapse prediction). Despite the many different approaches (somatic or germline testing, targeted gene or genome sequencing), the implicated individuals are confronted with situations that may intersect and that are interesting to compare. No study has identified and analyzed the available works on these new practices in pediatric oncology. The aim of this narrative literature review was to describe the ethical and psychological perspectives of children with cancer, parents, and healthcare professionals when genetic or genomic testing is proposed as part of the cancer management. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were comprehensively coded using MAXQDA. Their analysis showed that concerning the subjective implications of genetic and genomic testing, the areas of ambivalence (desire of treatment, desire for knowledge, uncertainty, and guilt) reported by patients and their parents seem to mirror the healthcare professionals' concerns. The ethical and psychological issues about predisposition testing, long discussed in the context of hereditary retinoblastoma and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, represent a useful starting point for a wider discussion of a genetic and genomic testing pathway in pediatric oncology more broadly.

Ethical perspectives in the application of IFRS: a critical analysis in the mining sector

Ethical perspectives in the application of IFRS: a critical analysis in the mining sector