Moral Leadership Behaviors Research Articles

Can Paternalistic Leadership Promote Chinese College Teachers’ Creativity? Understanding the Mediating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of three dimensions of paternalistic leadership (i.e., authoritarian leadership, benevolent leadership, and moral leadership) on the creativity of Chinese college teachers. Based on social cognitive theory, the mediating role of creative self-efficacy in the relationship between the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership and creativity was also investigated. A questionnaire survey methodology was adopted with data collected from a sample of 775 college teachers as participants in the Shandong province of China. The results revealed college teachers’ perceived benevolent leadership and moral leadership had a significant positive impact on their creativity; perceived authoritarian leadership, however, demonstrated a significant negative effect on creativity; creativity self-efficacy was reported to partially or completely mediate between all three dimensions of perceived paternalistic leadership and creativity. These findings provided theoretical and practical insights for enhancing creativity among college teachers. College leaders are encouraged to exhibit benevolent and moral leadership behaviors while limiting authoritarian leadership behaviors. It is also recommended that colleges introduce management practices such as training and creative development tutorials to improve the creative self-efficacy of college teachers and enhance their creativity.

Why 4-Year College Graduates are Not Reflecting the Best Ethical and Moral Leadership Behavior

In today's complex and ever-changing world, ethical and moral leadership is crucial for the development and progress of society. However, it has become increasingly evident that many 4-year college graduates are not reflecting the best ethical and moral leadership behavior. This article explores the reasons behind this phenomenon, including the shortcomings of the traditional college education system, the influence of external factors, and the lack of emphasis on character development. The conventional college education system often prioritizes technical skills over ethical development, leading to a gap in ethical leadership abilities among graduates. Moreover, external influences such as cultural and societal norms, media, and corporate impact on education can shape individuals' values and behaviors, potentially undermining ethical leadership qualities. Additionally, the limited exposure to real-world ethical challenges during college further hinders the development of ethical decision-making skills and moral reasoning abilities. To address these issues, the need for comprehensive reform in the college education system. This includes incorporating ethics education and character development programs into the curriculum, providing experiential learning opportunities that expose students to real-world ethical dilemmas, and promoting ethical role modeling and mentorship. Institutions should evaluate and assess the effectiveness of their ethical leadership development initiatives to ensure continuous improvement. The article also suggested strengthening ethical leadership development, equipping individuals with the necessary skills, knowledge, and values to navigate complex ethical challenges. This, in turn, will contribute to cultivating a new generation of ethical leaders who inspire trust, promote integrity, and foster a more honest and morally conscious world.

Okul Yöneticilerinin Liderlik Davranışları ile Psikolojik Danışmanların Örgütsel Narsisizmleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Örgütsel narsisizm düzeyi yüksek olan bir psikolojik danışmanın sunacağı hizmetlerde, birey odaklı bir anlayıştan ziyade örgüt başarısı odaklı hizmet vermesinin beklenen bir durum olduğu belirtilebilir. Ancak psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik hizmetlerinde ise toplumun ve kurumun beklentilerinin karşılanmasının yanında bireyin ihtiyaçları da göz ardı edilmemektedir. Dolayısıyla psikolojik danışmanların sahip olacağı örgütsel narsisizm davranışlarının, yapılacak psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik hizmetlerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmada, okul yöneticilerinin liderlik davranışları ile psikolojik danışmanların örgütsel narsisizmleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi genel amaç olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, 2019-2020 Eğitim-Öğretim Yılı’nda Giresun, Rize ve Trabzon’da görev yapan 154’ü kadın, 131’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 285 psikolojik danışman ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla ‘’Okul Müdürlerinin Paternalist Liderlik Davranışları Ölçeği’’, ‘’Örgütsel Narsisizm Ölçeği’’ ve ‘’Kişisel Bilgi Formu’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, psikolojik danışmanların örgütsel narsisizm düzeyleri ile okul müdürlerinin yardımsever, otoriter ve çıkarcı liderlik davranışları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ve bir ilişki bulunurken, ahlâkî liderlik davranışları ile anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.

The Impact of Perceived Moral Leadership Behavior on Citizenship Rights and Organizational Cynicism

Background and Aim : In the 21 century, organizations are evolving rapidly and with an ethical leadership approach can promote employee citizenship rights and decrease cynicism. This study aimed to determine the effect of perceived ethical leadership behavior on organizational cynicism and citizenship rights. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population consisted of the employees of cooperative, labor and social welfare offices of Guilan province in 2016, with Using Cochran formula, 230 people were selected by simple random sampling. The questionnaires of Sharif and Islamiyah’s citizenship rights, Yilmaz's ethical leadership behaviors, and Brandes et al's attitude of employees were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression tests by SPSS 22 software. Findings: Perceived ethical leadership behavior had a positive effect on citizenship rights and a negative effect on employee cynicism (p=0.05). That is, climate ethics, ethics in decision making, behavioral ethics, and communication ethics have a positive impact on, and enhance citizenship rights, as well as perceived ethical leadership dimensions reduce organizational cynicism. Conclusion: According to the findings, adopting ethical leadership measures promotes organizational performance and productivity by promoting citizenship rights and reducing organizational cynicism. It is suggested that leaders of organizations, by adopting an ethical leadership approach, promote citizenship rights and reduce cynicism in their organization's employees and ensure the organization's stability, survival and progress. Please cite this article as: Habibi R. The Impact of Perceived Moral Leadership Behavior on Citizenship rights and Organizational Cynicism. Bioethics Journal 2019; 9(31): 9-20.

Construct redundancy in leader behaviors: A review and agenda for the future

Leadership remains a popular and heavily researched area in the social sciences. Such popularity has led to a proliferation of new constructs within the leadership domain. Here, we argue that such construct proliferation without pruning is unhealthy and violates the principle of parsimony. Our purpose was to examine construct redundancy via a comprehensive review of task-oriented, relational, passive, and inspirational leader behaviors as well as values-based and moral leadership behaviors. Our findings, as indexed via meta-analytic correlations, reveal that construct redundancy remains problematic for the leadership literature. In addition, many of the values-based and moral behavior models correlated heavily with constructs traditionally examined as outcome variables (e.g., trust, LMX, justice). Implications for future research are discussed in regards to construct redundancy and how to avoid endogeneity bias in primary studies in the leadership literature.

For the Good or the Bad? Interactive Effects of Transformational Leadership with Moral and Authoritarian Leadership Behaviors

Although the ethical aspects of transformational leadership have attracted considerable attention, very little is known about followers’ reactions to the moral and immoral conduct of transformational leaders. Against this background, this study examined whether and how transformational leadership interacts with moral and authoritarian leadership behaviors in predicting followers’ in-role and extra-role efforts. Building on attribution theory, we hypothesized that the positive and negative effects of these leadership behaviors would be particularly pronounced for highly transformational leaders given that this leadership style elicits strong attention and sense-making efforts among followers. We tested our model in a sample of 228 individuals comprising 114 leader–follower dyads from a wide range of organizations and industries. In line with our hypotheses, results revealed that for highly transformational leaders, moral leadership behaviors related positively to employees’ in-role and extra-role efforts whereas authoritarian leadership behaviors related negatively to employees’ in-role and extra-role efforts. In contrast, moral and authoritarian leadership behaviors did not significantly affect followers’ reactions to leaders low in transformational leadership. Taken together, these findings suggest that transformational leadership, contrary to its largely positive perception in the literature, can be a rather mixed blessing. Implications for theory, future research, and managerial practice are discussed.

Moral leadership in school organization

Leadership approaches in administration have brought new points of view into leadership. Moral leadership is one of the mostly stressed leadership approaches like visionary leadership, strategic leadership, instructional leadership, and transformational leadership. Different from other leadership approaches, moral leadership depends on moral authority. Moral leadership is the process of forming and developing moral values and principles and leading the followers to act according to moral values. School leaders, who can not perform morally focused leadership behaviors, may lead the school to a process of moral pollution. Moral pollution will make the school an organization far from being faithful. Moral pollution means the extinction of moral values. Corrosion of moral values will cause moral chaos at school. In such a position, moral leadership will be more necessary. In this study, moral leadership in education and school leader’s moral leadership behaviors are analyzed in various aspects. Key words: Moral leadership, school leadership, school principals, social justice.

Feeling trusted by business leaders in China: Antecedents and the mediating role of value congruence

This paper examines the antecedents of felt trust, an under-explored area in the trust literature. We hypothesized that subordinates’ felt trust would relate positively with their leaders’ moral leadership behaviors and negatively with autocratic leadership behaviors and demographic differences between leaders and themselves. We also hypothesized the above relationships to be mediated by the leader-member value congruence. Results supported our hypotheses that value congruence mediated between autocratic leadership behaviors and demographic differences and subordinates’ felt trust, but not moral leadership behaviors, which had direct effects on subordinates’ perception of feeling trusted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.