Moral Intelligence Research Articles

The correlation between medical students’ clinical dishonesty, psychological distress, and moral intelligence

IntroductionClinical dishonesty is one of the components of academic dishonesty that deals with the unprofessional behavior of students in hospital and clinic environments (medical students, nursing students, etc.). Psychological distress and low moral intelligence among students can be known as predisposing factors in performing dishonest clinical behaviors. The present research addresses a gap in the scientific literature by investigating dishonest behavior among medical students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study examined medical students’ clinical dishonesty, psychological distress, and moral intelligence. Rafati et al.‘s questionnaire was used to investigate clinical dishonesty, Kessler’s Psychological Distress Questionnaire (K6) was used for psychological distress, and Lenik and Keil’s (2005) questionnaire was used to determine moral intelligence. Cochran’s formula was used to calculate the sample size and the simple random sample (SRS) method was used for sampling. Data were statistically analyzed in SPSS version 27 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). a P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results317 medical students were included in this study, of which 176 (55.5%) were male and 141 (44.5%) were female. We found a direct and significant statistical correlation between clinical dishonesty and students’ distress (Correlation Coefficient: 0.162, P-value < 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between clinical dishonesty and moral intelligence (Correlation Coefficient: -0.241, P-value: 0.004). Moreover, there was a higher rate of clinical dishonesty among senior medical students (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, the most dishonest clinical behaviors are as follows: [1] Disclosure of patient information in public or with non-medical personnel (76%), Incorrect examination of vital signs and physical examinations (69.4%), Not reporting incidents or errors of others involving patients (41.6%).ConclusionFinally, most students have experienced engaging in at least one clinically dishonest behavior. Such actions increase with the progress of the educational level so that it reaches its peak at the internship stage. Moral intelligence is a learnable concept, and mental distress also has its own treatments. Therefore, improving these two factors can reduce clinical dishonesty among medical students.

Determining the relationship between moral intelligence and compassion fatigue in intensive care nurses.

Compassion and moral intelligence occupy a very significant place in ensuring quality in health care services, increasing patient satisfaction, reducing side effects, increasing patient safety and accelerating the healing process. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and compassion fatigue in nurses working in intensive care units. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 180 nurses working in intensive care units of a hospital comprised the population of the study. Of them, 114 who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study sample. The Personal Information Form, Yakut Moral Intelligence Scale (YMIS) and Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale were used as data collection tools. The scales and forms used in the study were created on Google Form. Nurses were visited in intensive care units, and the forms were given to them. Then the participating nurses filled in the forms. Of the nurses participating in the study, 69.3% were women and 65.4% had a bachelor's degree. The analysis of the correlation between the scores obtained from the sub-dimensions of the YMIS by the nurses participating in the study demonstrated that there was a negative, low-level significant relationship between the self-control and kindness sub-dimensions of the YMIS. As the nurses' compassion fatigue levels increased, their self-control and kindness levels decreased. It can be said that as compassion fatigue levels increase in nurses, their moral intelligence levels decrease. Therefore, diagnosing compassion fatigue in nurses and taking precautions to prevent them from suffering from fatigue are of significant importance. By determining the healthy intelligence and compensation spending levels of health workers, organizing maid training will increase the service and care provided.

Evaluation of moral intelligence in prehospital emergency healthcare employees: the case of BoluDüzce

Evaluation of moral intelligence in prehospital emergency healthcare employees: the case of BoluDüzce

Investigating the Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Attitude towards Patient Safety in Nurses Working at Shahid Sadoughi Teaching Hospital in Yazd in 2023

Background: Moral intelligence in nurses is of particular importance due to the human and moral nature of their job and profession. Moral intelligence can provide a rule for the correct functioning of humans and is considered a predictive factor of behavior. The moral intelligence of nurses refers to their ability to distinguish right from wrong and adhere to ethical principles. Nurses with higher moral intelligence show more commitment to patient safety and adherence to professional protocols and have a more positive attitude toward patient safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and attitude towards patient safety in nurses working at Shahid Sadoughi Teaching Hospital in Yazd in 2023. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical one conducted cross-sectionally in 2023. The statistical population included 237 nurses working in Shahid Sadoughi Teaching Hospital, Yazd, who were selected by stratified random sampling. Two standard questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS24 using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The average moral intelligence of the studied nurses was 135.22 ± 22.30, and the average attitude of the nurses towards patient safety was 72.65 ± 17.32, indicating high moral intelligence and an average attitude towards patients safety in nurses in Shahid Sadoughi University. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between moral intelligence and nurses' attitude towards patient safety (r = 0.19, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Moral intelligence plays a role in predicting nurses' attitude towards patient safety; therefore, it seems that by strengthening the moral intelligence of nurses, their attitude towards patient safety can be influenced. To strengthen the moral intelligence of nurses and improve their attitude towards patient safety, professional ethics training, development of critical thinking skills and creation of ethical organizational culture can be used. Also, holding workshops to discuss ethical issues and support from ethical management can strengthen nurses in making ethical decisions and more responsible behavior in the field of patient safety.

The Relationship Between Nurses’ Moral Distress, Their Spiritual Well-Being, and Moral Intelligence

Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Emergency Department (ED) nurses have faced several moral challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors associated with nurses’ moral distress (MD) can vary depending on the cultural context. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between MD, spiritual well-being (SWB), and moral intelligence (MQ) of nurses in ICUs and EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires, including those for personal and professional profiles, Corley’s Moral Distress Scale-Revised, Paloutzian &amp; Ellison’s Spiritual Well-being, and Lennick &amp; Kiel’s Moral Intelligence. Of the 543 nurses working in the ICUs and EDs of hospitals in Zanjan Province (Iran), 370 participants were selected by census sampling. Results: The study results indicated that 90.8% of nurses experienced high MD. The results of the partial correlation test showed no statistically significant relationship between nurses' MD and their SWB or MQ (P &gt; 0.001). Nurses with an associate's degree (P = 0.019) and those working in the EDs (P = 0.001) and the COVID-19 care center hospital (P = 0.001) had higher levels of MD. Religious well-being and the educational level of nurses could predict only 2.5% of the variations in nurses’ MD. Conclusions: This study showed that SWB and MQ of nurses are not related to nurses’ MD, unlike environmental factors. It is recommended that managers provide more support to reduce nurses’ MD in critical situations, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Deciphering the global research trends and significance of moral intelligence via bibliometric analysis.

Moral Intelligence (MI) as a concept has gained importance in recent years due to its wide applicability in individual, organizational, and clinical settings or even policy making. The present study employed Bibliometric analysis to understand the emerging topics associated with MI and its global research trend. This paper's primary aim was (i) to explore the temporal and geographic growth trends of the research publication on MI. (ii) to identify the most prolific countries, institutions, and authors, working on MI, (iii) to identify the most frequent terminologies, (iv) to explore research topics and to provide insight into potential collaborations and future directions, and (v) to explore the significance of the concept of moral intelligence. Bibliometric analysis was used to understand the emerging topics associated with MI and its global research trend using the SCOPUS database. VOS viewer and R were employed to analyze the result. Through the analysis conducted, the development of the construct over time was analyzed. Results have shown that Iran and the United States and these two combined account for 53.16% of the total country-wise publications. Switzerland has the highest number of Multi-county publications. Authors from Iran and Switzerland have the most number of publications. Emerging topics like decision-making, machine ethics, moral agents, artificial ethics, co-evolution of human and artificial moral agents, green purchase intention etc were identified. The application of MI in organisational decision-making, education policy, artificial intelligence and measurement of moral intelligence are important areas of application as per the results. Research interest in MI is projected to increase according to the results delineated in this article.

Moral Intelligence –Theory and in Education

Morality and intelligence influence various aspects of human life and action. They contribute to a certain stabilisation of a young person's functioning in a given society. The development and technological progress that is taking place is conducive to the development of young people, the satisfaction of certain needs, but it cannot guarantee the possibility of shaping basic values such as freedom, justice or responsibility. Currently, material and individualistic values are increasingly promoted. References to moral ideals based on truth, honesty and love, on the other hand, are less frequent. These are important when making future choices or decisions. A particularly important task today, in the face of various threats, addictions and value crises, is to shape the moral intelligence of young people. It involves having strong ethical and moral convictions and acting in accordance with them. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of moral intelligence, to provide a definition and a conception of the research issue under consideration on a psychological level. It also shows some conditions of its formation during childhood and adolescence. The considerations undertaken in the article show the importance of moral intelligence in developing appropriate social attitudes, behaviour, acquiring moral principles, teaching responsibility, sensitivity to the suffering of others in adolescents.

Moral Intelligence Inventory: A Moral Intelligence Measurement Tool for Public Junior High School Students

Moral intelligence is the ability to differentiate between right and wrong, create exact choices, and behave ethically according to applicable norms and rules. This development is purposed to produce a moral intelligence inventory. This method applies Borg and Gall development model. The population of this research is students of junior high schools in Malang. Indeed, the sampling is decided through cluster random sampling, wherein 300 students were selected as the research sample. The data are analyzed using Product Moment Pearson analysis, Alpha Cronbach, normality test, and factor analysis. This development draws on a moral intelligence inventory product for junior high school students in Malang, which consists of 45 statement items. These met the criteria of moral intelligence inventory, validity test, and reliability test on a high scale with a 0.907 coefficient. Future research is suggested to improve moral intelligence inventory for elementary, senior high school, and vocational school students. They considered that these levels' development, age maturity, and learning process differ from junior high school. Additionally, the following researchers are expected to employ other theories that discuss moral intelligence to assist students in finding out their moral intelligence level. Keywords: Moral intelligence, vocational school, students.

The State of Moral Intelligence of Medical Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2022

Background: Recently, new dimensions have been recognized in the field of intelligence. One of the most important of these is moral intelligence, which has not been extensively addressed in Iran. Objectives: Moral intelligence represents the mental capacity of individuals to relate universal human principles to their values, goals, and actions. It guides all other types of human intelligence towards performing valuable work. Methods: The current descriptive cross-sectional study involved a statistical population of medical students, with a sample size of 248 people selected through random and available sampling methods. To collect data, the standard moral intelligence questionnaire by Lennik, Keel, and Jordan was used. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS-21 software, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics, including Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The total score of students' moral intelligence was 76.29 ± 9.80, which is evaluated as good. The area of honesty had the highest score (81.2), while the area of empathy had the lowest score (70.3). Among the indexes, keeping promises scored the highest (93.6), and admitting mistakes and omissions scored the lowest (70.5). Scores were higher among women and married individuals, and moral intelligence scores increased with advancing academic semesters. However, there were no significant differences overall, except that the empathy field had a significant relationship with age (P = 0.031), and gender had a significant relationship with the overall score of moral intelligence (P = 0.041). Conclusions: According to the total moral intelligence score of the students, which was 76.29 ± 9.80, it was determined that the moral intelligence status among the medical students of Kermanshah Medical School is in good condition.

Pre-service Teachers Women attitudes to moral intelligence

La inteligencia moral implica capacidades cognitivas, emocionales y sociales que orientan al individuo sobre cómo comportarse éticamente de acuerdo con los valores personales y sociales. El comportamiento moral es importante en cualquier sociedad, sin duda entre los educadores que guían a las generaciones futuras. En el presente estudio piloto, 84 excepcionales profesoras en formación respondieron a un cuestionario de actitudes basado en cuatro componentes de la inteligencia moral: responsabilidad, compasión, perdón e integridad. Casi todas se consideraban íntegras, indulgentes y personalmente responsables. Las conclusiones del estudio muestran que cerca del 90% de las profesoras en prácticas se consideran personas responsables. Esto significa que los roles tradicionales de género no cambiaron. Las mujeres asumen toda la responsabilidad de sus actos y errores incluso en el siglo XXI. Examinar diversas poblaciones de mujeres y validar la credibilidad de sus declaraciones puede dilucidar aún más la inteligencia moral entre la población femenina.

The Impact of Virtual Teaching of Ethical Principles in the Narrative Way on the Moral Intelligence of Nursing Students

The Impact of Virtual Teaching of Ethical Principles in the Narrative Way on the Moral Intelligence of Nursing Students

Critical Appraisal of Definitions on Intelligence within the Organizational Context

This article explores the different forms of intelligence in relation to expanding organizational design and enhancing development, and how it entertains the notions of growth and success. Furthermore, it embraces how the amalgamation of the different forms of intelligence contributes to the relevancy and longevity of the organization. Thereafter, leadership is discussed as crucial for organizational success that reflects engagement of decision intelligence, business intelligence, and competitive intelligence as key pillars of strategic decision-making. These concepts are taken to enable leaders in understanding complex problems that lead to developing innovative and creative solutions. The proposition here is transformative intelligence that is taken to combine these three concepts of intelligence that potentially would revolutionize organizational leadership and consequent decision-making. Simultaneously, the five pillars of leadership, or the 5Qs (Cognitive Intelligence, Digital Emotional Intelligence, Moral Intelligence, Innovation Intelligence, and Spiritual Intelligence), also contribute to strategic decision-making, enabling organizations to achieve desired transformation. This spectrum of reviewing intelligence as a combination concept benefits organization through streamlined decision-making, customer-centricity, anticipating disruptive forces, improved innovation, and better organizational culture. This article examines the scopes and potential drawbacks of each type of intelligence and showcases how adopting a business model which utilizes and combines the aforementioned types of intelligence ultimately creates a stronger and more resilient organization.

The Rule of Civics Education Teachers to the Development of Students’ Moral Intelligence

This study attempts to define and clarify the role of Civics education teachers in the moral intelligence development of students. This study used a descriptive qualitative method to look at the phenomenon that the research subjects encountered. Data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Nine people made up the study’s informants, who were chosen through the purposive sample method. The findings indicated that SMP Negeri Kendari 1 students had developed their moral intelligence through instruction in and reiteration of moral principles, discussion of and demonstration of concrete moral examples indirectly integrated with subjects and group learning processes, and encouragement of participation in extracurricular activities as a means of fostering students’ morale, particularly tolerance and self-control. Consequently, it can be said that Civics education teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kendari actively contribute to students’ moral intelligence development by incorporating the inculcation of moral intelligence values into the learning process, discussing subject matter and associating it with moral intelligence values, encouraging extracurricular activities, and providing examples or models about people who have moral intelligence values. Civics education teachers play a crucial role in helping students acquire moral intelligence, which is necessary for the development of morally upright citizens who can build civilizations that uphold societal norms and values.

Evaluation of moral distress and moral intelligence among medical residents

Background: Medical ethics is necessary in the medical field to protect patient rights, enhance professional conduct, manage complex situations, prevent malpractice, and advance healthcare policy. Aim: This study aimed to examine the levels of moral distress and moral intelligence among medical residents and explore the relationship between these two concepts. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 221 medical residents in 2021. The participants were recruited by census sampling method. Data were collected by two standard questionnaires, including Corley’s moral distress scale (2001) and Lennick and Kiel’s moral intelligence scale (2005). Statistical analyses were conducted using both parametric and non-parametric methods. All analyses were performed by SPSS-22 software. Results: Of participants, 140 (63.4%) were non-surgical and 81 (36.6%) were surgical assistants. Moral distress was significantly higher in surgical than non-surgical disciplines, (P&lt;0.05). Further, according to the moral distress classification, 51.8% of surgical residents and 15.8% of non-surgical residents had severe moral distress. Moral intelligence was also higher in surgical than in non-surgical disciplines, but the difference was not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05), and moral intelligence was moderate to high. There was a significantly negative correlation between moral intelligence (and its four subscales) and moral distress (P &lt;0.001, r =-0.410). Conclusion: The results showed high moral distress and an inverse correlation between moral distress and moral intelligence among medical residents. The study highlights the importance of addressing issues related to moral distress and moral intelligence in medical education and training programs

Level of Intellectual Intelligence and Level of Moral Intelligence in Citizenship Learning at the Education Level

The educational process in school is a process that is not personal in nature but rather comprehensive in nature . Many experts state that to achieve success a person must have a high Intelligence Quotient (IQ), because intelligence is a provision of abilities that can facilitate the educational process and in time will produce maximum educational achievement. The aim of this article is to determine the level of intellectual intelligence and the level of moral intelligence in citizenship learning. And also this research aims to identify the efforts of citizenship learning teachers in developing students' moral intelligence and intellectual intelligence, because students not only need academic achievement, they also need moral and intellectual skills, especially when dealing with other people. This research is qualitative research by selecting qualitative procedures in the type of literature review or what is usually called literature study. This literature study refers to various sources related to the research discussed by the author. In this literature study, the author took various sources including books, articles and journals, scientific papers whose veracity can be fully justified. Thus, this research can be concluded that teachers in schools contribute very actively with their role, namely combining moral intelligence values that will be built in students with the learning process, reviewing material which is then linked to moral intelligence values, making plans and carrying out civic education. which is based on integrated thematics which still contains the values of moral intelligence and here the teacher will also become a moral and intellectual agent and become a role model for his students.

Relationship between academic procrastination, self-esteem, and moral intelligence among medical sciences students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAcademic procrastination is a widespread phenomenon among students. Therefore, evaluating the related factors has always been among the major concerns of educational system researchers. The present study aimed to determine the relationship of academic procrastination with self-esteem and moral intelligence in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences students.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 205 medical sciences students. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using the convenience sampling technique. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, Solomon and Rothblum’s Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, all of which were completed online. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (multivariate linear regression with backward method) in SPSS software.Results96.1% of participating students experienced moderate to severe levels of academic procrastination. Based on the results of the backward multivariate linear regression model, the variables in the model explained 27.7% of the variance of academic procrastination. Additionally, self-esteem (P < 0.001, β=-0.942), grade point average (P < 0.001, β=-2.383), and interest in the study field (P = 0.006, β=-1.139) were reported as factors related to students’ academic procrastination.ConclusionAccording to the findings of this study, the majority of students suffer from high levels of academic procrastination. Furthermore, this problem was associated with low levels of self-esteem, grade point average, and interest in their field of study.

Development of indicators and moral intelligence scales for junior high school students: mixed-method research

The purposes of this research were (1) to study the indicators of moral intelligence for junior high school students, (2) to develop moral intelligence scales for junior high school students, and (3) to assess the needs of moral intelligence for junior high school students. By the mixed-method research, the sample group used in the research was 11 key informants for in-depth interviews, 100 students in mixed classes of 20 schools, 1,997 students in total. The results show the following:1. The moral intelligence indicators for junior high school students consisted of 6 indicators: Equality, Empathy, Morality, Tolerance, Self-control, and Kindness.2. To create moral intelligence scales for junior high school students, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for each section were.939,0.920 and.841, respectively. With corroborative component analysis classified by the overall composition, it was found that the mean was at a high level (M = 3.955), with a low distribution with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.576 and a distribution coefficient (C.V.) of 14.566.3. For needs assessment of moral intelligence for junior high school students, it was found that the third component of morality had the most needs (PNImodified=0.095), followed by the 5th component of self-control (PNImodified=0.081), the second component of empathy (PNImodified=0.075), the 4th component of tolerance (PNImodified=0.073), the 6th component of kindness (PNImodified=0.055) and the first component of equality (PNImodified=0.053).

The Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Quality of Working

The Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Quality of Working

Designing and psychometric assessment of the moral intelligence scale for healthcare professionals

The moral intelligence of healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room is one of the most important aspects of professional competence. However, moral intelligence is an abstract and multidimensional concept that needs to be clarified and described based on organizational culture and environment. Therefore, there is a need to design a specific scale for measuring the moral intelligence of healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room. This study aims to design and assess the psychometric properties of a moral intelligence scale for healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room. The present study was a mixed method study with a sequential exploratory approach. The research was conducted in 2023–2024 in Iran. The first phase data were collected from 20 healthcare professionals and were analyzed by conventional content analysis method. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the instrument were evaluated by involving 300 healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room. The moral intelligence of health care professionals in the cardiac operating room was defined as moral sensitivity combined with moral commitment and moral courage for the provision of quality care that respects the principles of medical ethics. After deducing the conceptual framework, the moral intelligence scale for healthcare professionals in the cardiac operating room was developed with three dimensions: “moral sensitivity,” “moral commitment,” and “moral courage.” 11 items were removed during testing to ensure content validity. Face validity was confirmed with impact scores > 1.5 for all items. A scale was developed through factor analysis with three factors that accounted for 73.04% of the observed variance. The instrument’s reliability using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient calculation was reported as 0.94 for the entire instrument. The testretest showed no statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test scores of moral intelligence (p = 0.51). The moral intelligence scale demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. The moral intelligence scale for health care professionals in the cardiac operating room demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. This instrument may serve to assess the moral intelligence of healthcare professionals and determine the need for educational interventions to reduce the ethical challenges and improve the moral intelligence of this healthcare.

Moral Intelligence and Bullying At Junior High School

There are many cases of bullying at junior high school level. Every school are now inclusive school because of the diverse culture, socioeconomic status, and students with various special needs. The diversity makes students look different. This is actually an opportunity for students to hone tolerance, or as opposite a high risk for occurrence of bullying. Therefore bullying is related to moral intelligence. If students can show empathy, they tend to think wisely and act positive. Coversely, those who bully others are students who lack kindness and act to suppres their peers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and bullying in junior high school students. The method used is quantitative with a correlational design. The subject were 300 junior high school students, boys and girls. The research used Moral Competency Inventory (MCI) scale and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) scale to collect the data, and data were analyzed using person product moment correlation. The results show negative and significant relationship between moral intelligence and bullying behavior in junior high school students with a correlation value of –0.633 and a significant value of 0.001.&#x0D; Keywords: moral intelligence, bullying, junior high school student