Moral Incentives Research Articles

Indonesian Islamic moral incentives in credit card debt repayment: a feature selection using various data mining

PurposeDespite the practice of credit card services by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) is debatable, Islamic banks (IBs) have been offering this product. Both Muslim and non-Muslim customers have subscribed to the products. Thus, it is critical to analyse the strategy of IBs’ moral messages in reminding their Muslim and non-Muslim customers to repay their credit card debts. This paper aims to investigate this issue in Indonesia using data mining via machine learning.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the IBs’ customers across the 32 provinces of Indonesia regarding their moral status in credit card debt repayment. This work considers 6,979 observations of the variables that affect the moral status of the IBs’ customers in repaying their debt. The five types of data mining via machine learning (i.e. Boruta, logistic regression, Bayesian regression, random forest, XGBoost and spatial cluster) are used. Boruta, random forest and XGBoost are used to select the important features to investigate the moral aspects. Bayesian regression is used to get the odds and opportunity for the transition of each variable and spatially formed based on the information from the logistical intercepts. The best method is selected based on the highest accuracy value to deliver the information on the relationship between moral status categories in the selected 32 provinces in Indonesia.FindingsA different variable on moral status in each province is found. The XGBoost finds an accuracy value of 93.42%, which the three provincial groups have the same information based on the importance of the variables. The strategy of IBs’ moral messages by sending the verse of al-Qur’an and al-Hadith (traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH) and simple messages reminders do not impact the customers’ repaying their debts. Both Muslim and non-Muslim groups are primarily found in the non-moral group.Research limitations/implicationsThis study does not consider socio-economic demographics and culture. This limitation calls future works to consider such factors when conducting a similar topic.Practical implicationsThe industry professionals can take benefit from this study to understand the Indonesian customers’ moral status in repaying credit card debt. In addition, future works may advance the recent findings by considering socio-cultural factors to investigate the moral status approach to Islamic credit warnings that is not covered by this study.Social implicationsThis work finds that religious text of credit card repayment reminders sent to Muslims in several provinces of Indonesia does not affect their decision to repay their debts. To some extent, this finding draws a social issue that the local IBs need to consider when implementing the strategy of credit card repayment reminders.Originality/valueThis study credits a novelty in the discourse of data science for Islamic finance practices. Specifically, this study pioneers an example of using data mining to investigate Islamic-moral incentives in credit card debt repayment.

Evaluating the Level of Financial and Moral incentives of the Iraqi Basketball Premier League Clubs

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of financial and moral incentives for players of sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Basketball Premier League. Where the researchers used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature of the research, on a sample of the players participating in the Iraqi Premier League for basketball for the year (2020-2021), which numbered (132) players representing (12) sports clubs, and to reach the objectives of the research, the researchers used the scale. As an appropriate means for this, the statistical methods used to reach the results were represented by the arithmetic mean, correlation coefficient and percentage. The researchers concluded that the administrations responsible for Iraqi sports clubs for basketball use a diverse incentive system that includes financial and moral aspects. The researchers recommend that administrations in sports clubs resort to diversification in the use of financial and moral incentives.

Региональные особенности обеспеченности медицинским персоналом в России

The article analyzes the regional features of the provision of medical personnel in Russia in the context of various subjects and federal districts. P u r p o s e of the study is to analyze the features of staffing of medical organizations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in modern conditions and the main directions of policy to improve the staffing situation at the regional level. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . According to the official statistics, an analysis of the staffing of medical and paramedical personnel was carried out in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; in the course of the study, methods were used such as: analytical, statistical, study and generalization of experience. R e s u l t s . The analysis showed that the provision of doctors and the provision of emergency medical services for different regions of the Russian Federation is different. The lowest values of the indicator of the provision of doctors in 2019 were recorded in the Ural FD, the Southern FD and the North Caucasian FD, while in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation the most pronounced tendency towards a decrease in the level of provision nursing staff was noted in Moscow, Tyumen region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Republic of Kalmykia, Udmurt Republic, as well as in Yaroslavl, Murmansk, Novgorod and Kirov regions, which emphasizes the need to take appropriate management measures, both at the local and federal levels. F i n d i n g s . The existing imbalance in the country between the provision of the population with doctors and nurses in various regions (the difference between low and high rates is more than 2.3 times), as well as between the provision of medical workers in the city and rural areas is the main problem of staffing the system. To overcome this situation, further implementation of new measures of social support and moral incentives for medical personnel in Russia is required.

The effect of using an active learning strategy in teaching the English language on the achievement level of primary school students: أثر استخدام استراتيجية التعلم النشط في تدريس اللغة الانجليزية على مستوى التحصيل لدى طالبات المرحلة الابتدائية

The study aimed to identify the effect of using an active learning strategy in teaching the English language on the level of achievement of primary school students. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach through utilizing the questionnaire to collect data from the targeted sample. The study population included all primary stage female teachers in Bisha Governance, who account for (109) teachers, where the researcher conducted a full survey of the population. The results of the study showed that using moral incentives to promote positive behavior among primary school students leads to improving their academic achievement, active learning increases classroom interaction between teachers and primary school students. In light of the obtained results, the researcher recommended the utilization of an active learning strategy in teaching the English language, and that English teachers should continuously focus on updating their teaching techniques and methods to boost students learning.

Формирование «общества потребления» в СССР: идеологический вызов для власти (1964–1982 гг.)

Introduction. In the 1960s, the formation of a consumer society began in the USSR. At the same time, the differences in living standard and quality of life between the segments of the population became more and more noticeable. These phenomena were in conflict with the Soviet ideology – the basis of the political system of the USSR. However, the problem of the consumer society formation in the USSR and the associated challenges to the Soviet system have not yet been sufficiently studied in historiography. Methods and materials. The methodological background of the research is based on the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, as well as the general scientific and special methods typical for historical research. The research base includes both published and unpublished documents found by the author in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow. Analysis. The Soviet power tried to respond to the challenges of consumer society within the framework of the new political and ideological concept of Developed Socialism. One of the tasks of the country’s development at this stage was declared to be the achievement of a high standard of living in the country, as well as the widespread introduction of a system of material incentives. This policy has had a certain effect. However, the previous challenges for the Soviet system remained, and new problems arose. The wage growth outstripped the growth of labor productivity, and the commodity deficit became one of the main reasons for the decline in the effectiveness of the material incentive system. To solve the problems listed above, the authorities introduced innovations in policy: reducing the rate of income growth and the population’s desire to consume, increasing the role of moral incentives, fighting surplus money, and pursuing people for non-labor income. These innovations were in conflict with the policy aimed at increasing the welfare of the population. Results. Thus, the response of Soviet ideology to the challenges of the consumer society was to implement mutually exclusive measures. First, the authorities, while officially promoting a policy of increasing living standards, in practice sought to limit the growth of consumption. Second, material incentives to work and the rejection of equalization were introduced simultaneously with the censure of enrichment. In addition, the authorities failed to eradicate the negative manifestations of the consumer society for the Soviet ideology. In general, the inability of Soviet ideology to provide an adequate response to the challenges of consumer society was one of the manifestations of the ideological impasse in which the country was during the period under review. Problems related to the standard of living of the population became one of the time mines that undermined the Soviet system and led to its collapse.

An Ethical and Societal Analysis for Biotechnological Methods in Plant Breeding

Technological developments in plant breeding, notably cisgenesis and gene editing, require a rethinking of biotechnology policies. In addition to legal debates about the definition of genetic modification in the Cartagena Protocol and at national and supra-national levels, and debates about the safety of the resulting products for mankind and environment, discussions are ongoing in society concerning ethical and societal questions. In this paper, we analyse the main ethical issues that need to be taken into account when evaluating contemporary plant breeding techniques. After a brief description of the state of the art in plant breeding, we discuss these main ethical issues. We take Consequentialist, Deontological and Virtue ethics as bases of our analysis. This results in a generally positive approach to gene editing, but also highlights several concerns, predominantly used by particular groups in society. This leads to a moral incentive toward transparency and options for operationalizing consumer choice.

أسباب رفض المعلمين لاستخدام بوابة المستقبل في المملکة العربية السعودية وتصنيفها وفقاً لنظرية نشر الابتکارات

ملخص الدراسة باللغة العربية: هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أسباب رفض المعلمين لاستخدام بوابة المستقبل في المدارس المطبقة لها في المملکة العربية السعودية وتصنيفها وفقا لنظرية نشر الابتکارات، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم اتباع المنهج الوصفي بالاعتماد على استبانة مبنية على نظرية نشر الابتکارات کأداة للدراسة، وتکون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع المعلمين بالمدارس المطبقة لبوابة المستقبل خلال الفصل الدراسي الثاني من العام الدراسي 1441-1440هـ وعددهم (70714) معلما، وتکونت عينة الدراسة من (392) معلما ومعلمة. وتوصلت الدراسة للنتائج التالية: لا يوجد فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (α ≥ 0.05) تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، وسنوات الخبرة، والتخصص، بينما يوجد فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (α ≥ 0.05) تعزى لمتغير المنطقة لصالح المنطقة الغربية، کما أثبتت الدراسة أن أعلى محاور الأسباب رفضا هو التجريب ثم التقييم ثم الاهتمام فالوعي وبالنسبة للعبارات المفردة فکانت الأسباب: بطء البوابة وتعطلها لبعض الوقت وضعف البنية التحتية لشبکة الانترنت وضعف دافعية الطالب أعلى درجات الموافقة لدى المستجيبين، ويأتي بعدها قلة الحوافز المعنوية وعدم توفر التدريب الکافي لبوابة المستقبل وضيق الوقت واتساع المنهج. وکانت أهم التوصيات دمج بوابة المستقبل مع نظام نور وبوابة عين التعليمية، وتطوير تطبيق خاص ببوابة المستقبل. وتکثيف الدورات التدريبية للمعلمين. الکلمات المفتاحية: بوابة المستقبل، نظرية نشر الابتکارات. Abstract: The study was aimed to find out the reasons behind teachers' rejection of using the future gate (LMS) in Saudi Arabia and classify it according to the theory of diffusion of innovations, and to achieve the objectives of the study we followed the descriptive method relying on a questionnaire which in turn based on the theory of diffusion innovations as a tool for study. The study community was consisted of all teachers in the schools that applied Future Gate in Saudi Arabia during the second semester of the school year 1441-1440 and they were (70714) teacher, whereas the sample of the study consisted of (392) teachers, male and female. The study reached the following results: There are no statistical differences at the level (α ≥ 0.05( according to changes in sex, academic qualifications, years of experience, or major, but there are some statistical differences at the level (α ≥ 0.05( according to the area variable in favor of the Western Region. The study also approved that the most rejected axes were experimentation, evaluation, interest and awareness. And for single phrases, the reasons were: the slowness of Future its disruption for some time, the weakness of the internet infrastructure, as well as the student's motivation gain the highest approval ratings among respondents, followed by the moral incentives and the lack of adequate training for the Future Gate in addition to the shortage of time and the large curriculum. The most important recommendations were the integrating the Future Gate with Noor System and Ien TV (the national education portal), and the developing special mobile application for the Future Gate, and intensify training courses for teachers. Keywords: Future Gate, diffusion of innovations.

The sociological aspects of scientific pedagogic activities of medical university lecturer

The research activity of Medical University lecturers is related to pedagogical and medical activities. Nowadays, more attention is paid namely to scientific component in activities of the faculty. The article presents the results of the survey of the faculty of the Medical University concerning various aspects of their scientific activities. It is established that the younger generation of Medical University lecturers lose interest to scientific activities due to material and moral incentives lacking. Yet another reason of low activity of lecturers according their opinion is poor knowledge of foreign languages.

Organizational and resource support of the mechanism of innovative risk management of enterprises of processing enterprises of Ukraine

Introduction. The study found that іn modern conditions, the study of organizational and resource provision of the mechanism of innovative risk management of enterprises of the oil and fat industry of Ukraine – an urgent problem, the solution of which will ensure effective risk management of enterprises of the oil and fat industry. The analysis of publications on the problems of forming the enterprise management mechanism showed that the mechanism of innovative risk management (MIRM) of oil and fat enterprises of Ukraine needs proper coverage as a necessary component of the enterprise management mechanism. Therefore, we believe that we should focus on the study of this problem. The purpose of the paper is to study and develop organizational and resource provision of the mechanism of innovative risk management of processing enterprises. Results. The organizational and resource provision of the mechanism of innovative risk management (MIRM) in the management system of the oil and fat industry of Ukraine and the analysis of its main components are offered. Issues of risk management of processing enterprises should be in the competence of highly qualified risk management specialists with professional education, practical experience in risk management in industrial enterprises and the desire for lifelong learning using both electronic corporate educational resources and training, seminars, conferences. To attract them, a system of motivation of professional risk managers should be developed, which will include material and moral incentives for risk management specialists, social programs and the provision of opportunities for lifelong learning at the expense of processing enterprises. Conclusions. Improved scientific and methodological approach to the implementation of the mechanism of innovative risk management of processing enterprises based on the use of organizational and resource support and includes organizational and managerial, personnel, financial, information-analytical, material-technical (software), documentation and legal support to improve management efficiency risks of processing enterprises.

الحوافز المادية والمعنوية لدى المعلمين في المدارس الحکومية بدولة الکويت وعلاقتها بالرضا الوظيفي من وجهة نظرهم

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة مستوى الحوافز المادية والمعنوية لدى المعلمين في المدارس الحکومية بدولة الکويت وعلاقتها بالرضا الوظيفي لديهم. اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، وتکونت عينة الدراسة من (220) معلما. أعدت الدراسة استبانة مکونة من (50) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة محاور هي: محور الحوافز المادية وتکون من (17) فقرة. والمحور الثاني ويتعلق بالحوافز المعنوية وتکون من (16) فقرة. أما المحور الثالث فيتناول الرضا الوظيفي للمعلمين وبلغ عدد فقراته (17) فقرة. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة الآتي: کانت تقديرات المعلمين لدرجة تفعيل الحوافز المادية والمعنوية والرضا الوظيفي مرتفعة من وجهة نظرهم. کما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية ايجابية بين تفعيل الحوافز المادية والمعنوية والرضا الوظيفي لدى المعلمين. وفي ضوء ما أسفرت عنه الدراسة من نتائج قدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات. The study aimed to find out the degree of material and moral incentives for teachers in public schools in the State of Kuwait and their relationship to job satisfaction with them. The study followed the descriptive approach, and the study sample consisted of (220) teachers. The study prepared a questionnaire consisting of (50) items distributed on three axes: The material incentives axis and it consisted of (17) items. The second axis is related to moral incentives and consists of (16) paragraphs. As for the third axis, it deals with job satisfaction for teachers, and the number of its paragraphs is (17). The results of the study showed the following: Teachers ’ratings of the degree of activation of material and moral incentives and job satisfaction were high from their viewpoint. The results also showed the existence of a positive correlation between the activation of material and moral incentives and job satisfaction among teachers. In light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations.

بیئة العمل وعلاقتها بجودة الأداء المهنى للأخصائیین الاجتماعیین العاملین بالمدن الجامعیة

ملخص البحث تعتبر مهنة الخدمة الاجتماعية من المهنة التى تتعامل مع الطلاب ، حيث تهدف الخدمة الاجتماعية کنشاط مهنى إلى مساعدة الأفراد والجماعات والمجتمعات على استعادة قدرتها على الأداء الاجتماعى المطلوب. حيث يعد الاداء المهنى عصب الخدمة الاجتماعية بما يمثله من مکانة هامة فى تدعيم اداء الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين وذلک من خلال تزويدهم بالمعارف والمهارات ومساعدتهم على تطوير طرق ادائهم بما يسهم فى تحسين أوضاعهم المهنية بشکل دائم. وتعتبر المدن الجامعية رکنا رئيسيا من ارکان الرعاية الطلابية التى تحرص الجامعة على دعمها وتطويرها والارتقاء بها لتحقيق رسالتها السامية. وبذلک فان بيئة العمل تعد من الجوانب والمقومات المهمة لنجاح مؤسسات العمل التى تحظى حاليا باهتمام عالمى متزايد على اعتبار ان رضا العاملين يعبر فى المؤسسة عن بيئة العمل بما ينعکس على کفائتهم وادائهم وبالتالى نجاح المؤسسة. وتضم بيئة العمل جوانب متعددة کاسلوب الإدارة والحوافز المادية والمعنوية والوسائل التکنولوجية وغيرها من الجوانب التى تساعد العاملين بصفة عامة والأخصائيين الاجتماعيين بصفة خاصة على تطوير وتجويد ادائهم المهنى. ومن هذا المنطلق هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد العلاقة بين بيئة العمل بأبعادها المختلفة على جودة الاداء المهنى للأخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين بالمدن الجامعية. وتعتبر هذه الدراسة من الدراسات الوصفية واستخدمت الباحثة منهج المسح الاجتماعى باسلوب الحصر الشامل للأخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين بالمدن الجامعية وعددهم (96) أخصائى اجتماعى واستعانت الباحثة بمقياس بيئة العمل للکشف عن نتائج الدراسة وکشفت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن هناک قصور فى بيئة العمل بأبعادها المختلفة مما انعکس سلبا على جودة الاداء المهنى للأخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين بالمدن الجامعية ، وتوصلنا فى النهاية لبعض المقترحات لمواجهة هذه المعوقات. Study summary The social work profession is one of the professions that deal with students, where social work aims as a professional activity to help individuals, groups and societies regain their ability to perform the required social. Where professional performance is the backbone of social work, as it represents an important position in supporting the performance of social workers And that by providing them with knowledge and skills and helping them to develop their methods of performance in a way that contributes to permanently improving their professional conditions. University cities are considered a major pillar of student care, which the university is keen to support, develop and advance to achieve its noble mission. Thus, the work environment is one of the important aspects and constituents for the success of work institutions that are currently receiving increasing global attention, given that the satisfaction of employees expresses in the organization the work environment, which is reflected in their efficiency and performance and thus the success of the institution. The work environment includes multiple aspects such as management style, material and moral incentives, technological means and other aspects that help workers in general and social workers in particular to develop and improve their professional performance. From this standpoint, the study aimed to determine the relationship between the work environment in its various dimensions and the quality of the professional performance of social workers working in university cities. This study is considered one of the descriptive studies. The researcher used the method of social survey in a comprehensive way for the social workers working in university cities, who number (96) social workers. The researcher used the work environment scale to reveal the results of the study. The quality of the professional performance of social workers working in university cities, and we reached in the end some proposals to face these obstacles.

التنمية المهنية لمعلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة في ضوء بعض المستحدثات التکنولوجية Professional development of secondary school teachers in the light of Educational Technological innovations

هدفت الدراسة إلى؛ التعرف على الأسس النظرية للمستحدثات التکنولوجية، وإلقاء الضوء على الإطار الفلسفي للتنمية المهنية لمعلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة، والوقوف على الاستفادة من توظيف المستحدثات التکنولوجية في تطوير التنمية المهنية لمعلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة، وتقديم مقترحات لتفعيل التنمية المهنية لمعلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة في ضوء بعض المستحدثات التکنولوجية، استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: ندرة الدورات التدريبية المرتبطة بتنمية مهارات معلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة على استخدام المستحدثات التکنولوجية، ندرة وجود حوافز مادية ومعنوية لالتحاق معلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة بالدورات التدريبية، الأعباء الوظيفية المطلوبة من معلمي المدرسة الثانوية العامة مما يقلل استخدامهم المستحدثات التکنولوجية. The study aimed to; Identify the theoretical foundations of technological innovations, shed light on the philosophical framework for the professional development of general secondary school teachers, identifying the use of technological innovations in developing the professional development of public secondary school teachers, and make proposals to activate the professional development of general secondary school teachers in the light of some technological innovations. The study adopted the descriptive approach, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the scarcity of training courses related to the development of the skills of general secondary school teachers to use technological innovations, the scarcity of material and moral incentives for general secondary school teachers to enroll in training courses, Job burdens required of general secondary school teachers, which reduces their use of technological innovations

The effect of motivation on achieving job satisfaction through organizational justice - A field study on employees of the General Directorates of Education in the Sultanate of Oman –: أثر التحفيز على تحقيق الرضا الوظيفي من خلال العدالة التنظيمية - دراسة ميدانية على موظفي المديريات العامة للتربية والتعليم بسلطنة عُمان –

The study aims at examining the validity of the influence of financial and moral motivation on job satisfaction through organizational justice as a mediator (an influential) variable of personnel at the general directorates of general education in the Sultanate of Oman, as well as investigating the nature of relations within the virtual model of the study, The researcher used a questionnaire as an instrument that was designed based on previous studies of each variable and was distributed to a random sample of (381) individuals from a population of (4137) individuals working in each of the education directorates in sultanate of Oman. The results of the study showed that there is a positive influence of financial and moral motivation on achieving job satisfaction, as the values of the standard evaluations showed that moral incentives will contribute (by 40%) in achieving job satisfaction and that financial incentives will contribute (by 60%) in achieving job satisfaction. The study also concluded that there are significant differences in the moral significance of the influential variable on the relationship between financial and moral motivation and job satisfaction in favor of the samples that support the organizational justice in the concerned public directorates. The study recommends raising the level of job satisfaction of personnel by setting a system for incentives based on justice and objectivity and providing an environment that helps the staff feel positive towards the directorates.

المناخ التنظیمی فی المعاهد التابعة لجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامیة بالخارج وعلاقته بالاستغراق الوظیفی لدى العاملین بها

المناخ التنظیمی فی المعاهد التابعة لجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامیة بالخارج وعلاقته بالاستغراق الوظیفی لدى العاملین بها

ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL TO THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE DURING THE REFORM PERIOD OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM

The relevance of the work is due to the need for constant monitoring of the staffing of the medical industry, especially in modern conditions, complicated by the reform of the healthcare system against the backdrop of a pandemic.
 Aim. Analyze the dynamics of the staffing of the medical industry in Ukraine in the period from 2012 to 2019 in order to determine the main trends and their reasons, to give suggestions for improving the staffing situation.
 Material and methods. The material for the study was the official statistical data of the reports of the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine "Medical personnel and the network of healthcare institutions of the system of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" for 2012-2019.
 Results. As a result of the study, the negative dynamics of the provision of the population of Ukraine with doctors and nurses in recent years, the territorial and professional imbalance in the provision of medical personnel were determined. The persistence of a shortage of personnel in medicine cannot but affect the health of Ukrainian citizens in the future. The main reason for this situation is the lack of a clear strategy regarding personnel policy in the health care system against the background of its reform.
 Conclusion. The main conclusion of the study is that the process of reproduction, preservation and distribution of medical personnel in institutions and territories is poorly managed, it needs regulation and improvement. Personnel policy should include the following aspects: material and moral incentives for medical workers, ensuring the protection of their rights and social security, creating appropriate working and rest conditions for them.

The Affecting Factors in the Weakness of Reading and Writing among Primary grades' pupils in Baqa'a Governorate from Teachers' Point of View: العوامل المؤثرة في ضعف القراءة والكتابة لدى تلاميذ الصفوف الأولية في محافظة بقعاء من وجهة نظر المعلمين

This study aimed to reveal the affecting factors in the Weakness of reading and writing among Primary grades' pupils from teachers' point of view. It also aimed to investigate the effect of both variables (experience in teaching, educational qualification). The sample of this study consisted of (90) teachers, who were chosen by simple random method, To achieve the aims of this study, a questionnaire was built which is consisted of (35) items. its validity was verified by presenting it to a group of specialized arbitrators, and its internal consistency was also verified in order to identify the extent of internal homogeneity of the study tool (the questionnaire) by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficients between the degree of each phrase and the total degree of the axis to which it belongs. It was found that: All the axes of the questionnaire were statistically significant at the level of (0.01). This confirms that the questionnaire has a high degree of internal consistency; therefore, it is reliable. and also, its stability was achieved by applying it to an exploratory sample consisting of (15) teachers, whereas the Total of stability coefficient ( Alpha Cronbach) was (0.874). This study adopted the descriptive approach, as it was applied in the second semester of the year 1441 AH, The results of the study found that: the affecting factors in the Weakness of reading and writing among Primary grades' pupils from the teachers' point of view came with a medium degree, with a general arithmetic average of (3.34 out of 5.00). The second axis, "pupil related factors", came in the first rank with an arithmetic average of (3.49) and with a high degree. The fourth axis, "factors related to teaching method", came in second rank with an arithmetic average of (3.42) and with a high degree. The first axis, "factors related to teacher" came in the third rank with an arithmetic average (3.40) and with a high degree. Finally, the third axis, "factors related to the course" came in the fourth rank with an average arithmetic (3.08) and with a medium degree. Based on these results, the study recommended several recommendations, including: More attention should be paid to teachers of primary grades: physical and moral incentives must be provided to them, and their daily quotas should be reduced.

Feasibility of Good Governance at Health Facilities: A Proposed Framework and its Application Using Empirical Insights From Kenya.

Governance is a social phenomenon which permeates throughout systemic, organisational and individual levels. Studies of health systems governance traditionally assessed performance of systems or organisations against principles of good governance. However, understanding key pre-conditions to embed good governance required for healthcare organisations is limited. We explore the feasibility of embedding good governance at healthcare facilities in Kenya. Our conceptualisation of organisational readiness for embedding good governance stems from a theory of institutional analysis and frameworks for understanding organisational readiness for change. Four inter-related constructs underpin to embed good governance: (i) individual motivations, determined by (ii) mechanisms for encouraging adherence to good governance through (iii) organisation's institutional arrangements, all within (iv) a wider context. We propose a framework, validated through qualitative methods and collected through 39 semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers, county and national-level policy-makers in Kenya. Data was analysed using framework approach, guided by the four constructs of the theoretical framework. We explored each construct in relation to three key principles of good governance: accountability, participation and transparency of information. Embedding good governance in healthcare organisations in Kenya is influenced by political and socio-cultural contexts. Individual motivations were a critical element of self-enforcement to embed principles of good governance by healthcare providers within their facilities. Healthcare providers possess strong moral incentives to self-enforce accountability to local populations, but their participation in decision-making was limited. Health facilities lacked effective mechanisms for enforcing good governance such as combating corruption, which led to a proliferation of informal institutional arrangements. Organisational readiness for good governance is context-specific so future work should recognise different interpretations of acceptable degrees of transparency, accountability and participation. While good governance involves collective social action, organisational readiness relies on individual choices and decisions within the context of organisational rules and cultural and historical environments.

НАПРЯМИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ВІДТВОРЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ В ГІРНИЧОДОБУВНІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

Анотація. Формування багатовекторної ринкової економіки в Україні, успішна реалізація всіх реформ у цьому напрямі та підвищення добробуту громадян не можливі без ефективної реалізації фінансових складових комплексного відтворення соціального капіталу, насамперед у гірничодобувній промисловості. Проте нестабільна соціально-економічна і політична ситуація у країні істотно загальмувала реалізацію реформ у вищевказаній галузі, що негативно позначилося на її окремих показниках. Ситуація дестабілізує і гальмує соціально-економічний розвиток усіх суб’єктів гірничодобувної промисловості. Тому актуальним питанням на сучасному етапі розвитку цієї галузі є визначення єдиних дієвих засад щодо комплексного відтворення ресурсного потенціалу всіх її суб’єктів господарювання. Предметом дослідження є сукупність методологічних, методичних і практичних напрямів фінансування комплексного відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості. Водночас її мета полягає у формуванні та характеристиці напрямів фінансового відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості і розробленні заходів їхньої ефективної реалізації. Окрім цього, результати дослідження відображають соціально-економічну сутність категорії «соціальний капітал у гірничодобувній промисловості». Вона трактується як сукупність психологічних, фізіологічних, моральних, етичних, економічних та інших особистих якостей і можливостей кожного працівника гірничодобувної промисловості, які є їхнім основним ресурсом і перевагою в порівнянні з іншими людьми, у процесі їхньої адаптації та ефективної реалізації в певному соціумі (соціальному середовищу) на макро- і мікрорівні. Також установлено, що сфера застосування напрямів фінансового відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості і їх поліпшення охоплює окремі рекреаційні напрями з матеріального, морального (психологічного) і соціально-побутового забезпечення працівників цієї галузі. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає у виявленні, обґрунтуванні та аналізі схеми формування напрямів фінансування відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості. Також її невід’ємною частиною є характеристика ставлення різних соціально-вікових, статевих і професійних груп населення до фінансування відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості окремих регіонів України. Актуальність цього дослідження підтверджує також трансформація соціально-економічних відносин у всіх сферах громадської діяльності держави в контексті його глобалізації. Отримані результати дослідження дозволяють зробити висновки, що вони є основою для вивчення і практичного розв’язання проблеми комплексного відтворення соціального капіталу в гірничодобувній промисловості. Цей підхід передбачає, передусім, формування високого матеріального, соціально-побутового і морального (психологічного) стимулювання фахівців цієї галузі і підвищення їхньої трудової мотивації та якості результатів праці, а також фінансово-господарської діяльності гірничодобувних підприємств. Ключові слова: соціальний капітал, гірничодобувна промисловість, працівник, фінансова складова, матеріальне стимулювання, моральне стимулювання. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 4; бібл.: 10.

УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПЕРСОНАЛУ

The article considers the current goals of staff development, areas of staff development, some principles of staff development, namely: individuality, interest of the company and employee in career development, material incentives, moral incentives, compulsory professional growth, social and psychological comfort and objectivity. The process of personnel development management has many aspects, as evidenced by the large number of points of view and different management methods; they include professional growth, continuing education in the workplace, staff development, and renewal of human resource management methods, talent management and other combinations of these aspects. Particular attention is paid to staff development strategies. After all, the need to train staffs that are able to qualitatively solve a wide range of problems necessitates a strategy of staff development. Situational and system strategies, as well as their components, as a set of actions and a sequence of decisions to assess, analyze and develop the necessary system of influence on staff to ensure the achievement of the necessary overall competitive potential to implement the chosen development strategy. Directive, interactive and personal methods of personnel development are also highlighted. It is noted that the basis of directive methods is the interaction of the student with the mentor, instructor, teacher, coach. There are such methods as: lectures, seminars, mentoring, instruction, training, secondment. In turn, interactive methods are seen as the participation of staff in training, in which a large role is given to modern technological capabilities. Interactive methods are presented: adaptation of personnel in the organization, distance learning, online conferences and webinars, video lessons. And personal methods are based on self-education and self-training of staff. Considerable attention is also paid to the types and forms of staff training. The need to synchronize detailed personnel development programs with the main business strategy is considered. After all, a successful program of personnel development management in the organization starts from the synchronization of personnel development strategy and enterprise development strategy.

Constituting Socialism for the Twenty-First Century: Examining Cuba's 2019 Constitution

This article summarises the results of a qualitative content analysis of the 2019 Cuban Constitution, approved in a national referendum on 24 February 2019, and compares Cuba's constitutionally identified structures and processes with those highlighted as core characteristics of what has been termed twenty-first-century socialism. The article draws mainly on the work of Marta Harnecker (2010 and 2015), who includes the following features of twenty-first-century socialism: a) promoting participative democracy; b) creating the political instrument needed to lead the transition; c) instituting social ownership of the means of production; d) organising the economy toward satisfying human needs; e) having a decentralised (but aggregating) planned economy (including establishing worker-organised production as well as conceiving of efficiency as respect for nature and investment in full human development); f) incorporating material and moral incentives; g) educating for full human development and cultural transformation; and h) building regional (and international) integration. Cuba's 2019 Constitution overall measures up well with respect to these characteristics. The article concludes that Cuba's 2019 Constitution identifies structures and processes that are in line with the characteristics of twenty-first-century socialism. There is also evidence that Cuba represents a “unique model” (Burbach et al. 2013a), one that has been evolving since the 1959 Revolution, including during the Special Period of the 1990s and during the decade prior to the 2019 Constitution being approved, and one that has developed in the context of the US blockade and other hostile actions.