Moral Health Research Articles

DESCRIMINALIZAÇÃO DE DROGAS: UMA ANÁLISE ENTRE AS COMPETÊNCIAS DO LEGISLATIVO E JUDICIÁRIO

Drug use is proven to be harmful, both physically and intellectually. Currently, drugs are the main social evil, linked to all types of crime. The methodology used was the literature reference, and the STF decisions of 2023 and 2024 on the issue. In this sense, the objective of this research/article is to develop a study on the decriminalization of marijuana possession and its legal, economic, moral, and public health consequences. To do this, initially a definition of competences is made from the perspective of doctrine and jurisprudence regarding the limits of powers to legislate. It also addresses the main aspects related to drug use and its consequences; And, finally, the positive and negative points within the legal, moral, social, economic and public health sphere of this decision. It is concluded that this is a matter that should be entirely up to congress to decide, and that the STF usurps the functions of the Legislative and Executive branches by giving its opinion on topics that would be the responsibility of the technical body ANVISA. Even because they are decisions with broad repercussions, which could have major consequences for society, including in the field of public security, crime, society in general and public health.

Senam Bersama Dan Sharing Session Sebagai Upaya Mencapai Produktivitas Dan Menurunkan Stress Kerja Di Balai Pemasyarakatan (Bapas) Kelas Ii Metro

This research was conducted at the Class II Metro Correctional Center (Bapas) to determine the causes of work stress. Observations and interviews found that stress was caused by assignments outside of responsibility, difficulty communicating with clients, and miscommunication between employees. Prolonged stress reduces employee productivity and well-being. The interventions implemented include group exercises, sharing sessions, and psychoeducation. Exercise improves physical and moral health, while sharing sessions strengthen social support. Psychoeducation provides insight into stress management and mental health in the workplace. The research results showed that this intervention was successful in reducing stress and increasing productivity. Physical activity and social support strengthen work relationships and improve employee well-being. The research recommends that similar activities be carried out periodically to maintain the welfare and productivity of Bapas Class II Metro employees.

Визначення психологічного профілю вагітних, які бажають обрати альтернативний варіант розродження

One of the main indicators of the country's development is the health of women and children. Today in Ukraine, there is a significant decrease in the level of physical and moral health among young people, which negatively affects the course of pregnancy and childbirth. At the same time, the term “childbirth experience” is spreading in the obstetric community, which reflects the peculiarities of a woman's own feeling of the process of giving birth to a child, along with the spread of “non-traditional” methods of childbirth, such as vertical childbirth, childbirth in the knee-elbow position, childbirth in water, which aimed precisely at obtaining a positive birth experience. However, in the literature reviewed by us, we found only isolated information about the criteria for selecting patients to be involved in the attempt of alternative birth options. Aim - determine the psychological profile of pregnant women who wish to choose an alternative option for childbirth. Materials and methods. Surveyed 274 pregnant women at 11-12 and 36-37 weeks of pregnancy using a Google form containing 16 questions to determine the psycho-emotional state, mood, plans and fears about future childbirth. Results. The obtained results at 11-12 weeks outlined the psychological profile of pregnant women as a state of pleasure combined with insufficient knowledge about the course of childbirth. The results of the questionnaire at 36-37 weeks show a change in the psychological state in the direction of the development of fatigue with a significant increase in the number of women who are worried about the course of the upcoming childbirth, the pain associated with it, and want to involve close relatives/husband or an outside helper in childbirth. The majority of women have been found to have fear and uncertainty about their own condition during and after childbirth, which is the basis for an in-depth study of the psycho-emotional sphere. It was found that significantly more women want to try an alternative method of childbirth - water birth - 122 (44.5%). Conclusions. The psychological profile of pregnant women who wish to choose an alternative method of childbirth, including water birth, is characterized by a feeling of fear and anxiety before the upcoming birth, fears about the use of pharmacological methods of analgesia, as well as about possible aggression on the part of medical stuff. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Criminology characteristics of juvenile crime

An actual problem of society during the existence of criminology is the study of juvenile delinquency. This type of crime has its own specificity, which can be seen in the socio-psychological features and increased attention of society to this category of persons. This indicates the general trends of modern crime and its future development, as well as the state of moral health of society. This paper is devoted to the study of juvenile delinquency. This work indicates the factors that can contribute to the commission of a crime by minors, reveals the statistics of crime among minors, analyzes the state and trends in the detection and disclosure of criminal offenses committed by minors in recent years. A typological group has been determined, which includes juveniles who commit crimes. The need to combat juvenile delinquency is substantiated. The peculiarity of crimes committed by minors is outlined. Determined criminogenic factors of juvenile delinquency. Attention is drawn to the latency of juvenile delinquency, which is a major problem in preventing and countering such delinquency. The age categories of minors who commit crimes are specified. Various types of crimes committed by minors are outlined. Research on juvenile delinquency is always relevant in order to achieve an effective result in preventing juvenile delinquency. Undoubtedly, the issue of juvenile delinquency needs special attention, as well as everything related to minors, in general, needs increased attention from the state and society. It is noted that juvenile offenders constitute a peculiar typological group, they differ from adult criminals both in the nature and degree of social danger of the criminal offenses committed, and in personal traits, namely, insufficient social maturity and incomplete intellectual and volitional development. Factors that may cause a minor to commit a crime are outlined.

"I Went Into This Field to Empower Other People, and I Feel Like I Failed": Residents Experience Moral Distress Post-Dobbs.

Background The 2022 Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization nullified the constitutional right to abortion, which led to effective bans in at least 14 US states and placed obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents in dilemmas where they may have to withhold care, potentially causing moral distress-a health care workforce phenomenon less understood among resident physicians. Objective To identify and explore moral distress experienced by OB/GYN residents due to care restrictions post-Dobbs. Methods In 2023, we invited OB/GYN residents, identified by their program directors, training in states with restricted abortion access, to participate in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews via Zoom about their experiences caring for patients post-Dobbs. We used thematic analysis to analyze interview data. Results Twenty-one residents described their experiences of moral distress due to restrictions. We report on 3 themes in their accounts related to moral distress (and 4 subthemes): (1) challenges to their physician identity (inability to do the job, internalized distress, and reconsidering career choices); (2) participating in care that exacerbates inequities (and erodes patient trust); and (3) determination to advocate for and provide abortion care in the future. Conclusions OB/GYN residents grappled with moral distress and identified challenges from abortion restrictions.

Restore and Rebuild (R&R): a protocol for a phase 2, randomised control trial to compare R&R as a treatment for moral injury-related mental health difficulties in UK military veterans to treatment as usual

BackgroundExposure to potentially morally injurious events is increasingly recognised as a concern across a range of occupational groups, including UK military veterans. Moral injury-related mental health difficulties can be challenging...

Decisional trade-offs towards doping and their association with moral attitudes and health risk perceptions: A mixed methods study

ABSTRACT The objective of the present research was to examine doping-related decisional trade-offs, and their relationship with health risk perceptions towards doping and moral attitudes in sport. A mixed methods sequential-explanatory design was used. In Study 1,249, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes from 16 countries completed anonymous online questionnaires on decisional trade-offs related to doping, health risk beliefs towards doping, moral attitudes in sport, and socio-demographic variables. The results showed that almost 1 in 10 athletes would trade their life for sporting success, independently of the moral implications of their choice. When mortal threat was absent, 31.5% of the athletes would trade morality for sporting success. Decisional trade-off choices differentiated scores in moral attitudes, such as acceptance of cheating and keeping winning in proportion. In Study 2, 11 British competitive MMA athletes were interviewed about decisional trade-offs involving moral violations or mortal threats. Thematic analysis corroborated the Study 1 findings, with most athletes dismissing the doping choice involving a mortal threat but endorsing the one where the mortal threat was absent. Anti-doping education in MMA athletes should target the decision-making process underlying doping, with an emphasis on moral values and the adverse health risk effects of doping.

‘[O]ne of the year’s difficult problems’: the UK cinema industry and the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic posed fundamental challenges for the cinema industry, encouraging potentially lasting changes in the ways films were delivered to and consumed by audiences. In light of this, this article evaluates the impact of an earlier pandemic, the waves of influenza that affected the United Kingdom in 1918–1919. The flu struck as cinema was establishing itself as a distinct entertainment form, although still subject to criticism for its perceived effects on the moral and physical health of those attending. Consequently, the exhibition of film became a prime focus of ameliorative action, many health professionals and local councillors seeing it as a prime vehicle for the transmission of disease. For all that, the impact of any regulations proved to be uneven: attention centred primarily on the threat to children and servicemen in uniform, and what restrictions were imposed proved highly localised, reflecting systems of health administration inherited from the previous century. Finally, compared to experiences elsewhere, the duration of controls proved brief. An assessment of the flu’s impact is offered for both the short term, reflected in the finances of individual businesses and aggregated tax returns, and the longer term, in challenging or reinforcing perceptions of cinema’s social worth.

The Ethical Dimensions of Mindfulness in Public Health

AbstractThis commentary on “Mindfulness for global public health: Critical analysis and agenda” seeks to add to the discussion by considering, what are the moral or ethical implications of introducing mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) into public health? An open question should be asked: Do MBIs promote “moral health,” a type of mental well-being based on moral integrity? Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the moral influences of MBIs on individuals, but more concerning is the complete absence of population or collective-based data. Moreover, the data on the moral influences of MBIs originate from neurotypical, socially advantaged, and homogeneous demographics, so caution is warranted regarding the potential impact on general public’s moral functioning before proceeding. This commentary briefly reviews the existing literature on the relationship between moral functioning and MBIs, then addresses why the unknown effects of moral functioning from mindfulness on a social level are a concern for public health. Following many of Oman’s proposed axes, it then raises questions about what MBIs could do to the moral functioning of certain populations with mental health issues, diverse and disadvantaged populations, and various multi-sector levels throughout society. In some cases, MBIs might need to include ethical adaptations, which add components that explicitly encourage moral development. These adaptations could support protective measures or mitigate moral risk factors. The commentary concludes by suggesting that ethical motivation could be an added axis to Oman’s scheme, as there is an alignment between mindfulness and public health. Nonetheless, it cautions that more research is needed at the population level on the moral influences from MBIs before their widespread implementation in public health.

Humanitarian activities of the county police in the second half of the XIX– early XX centuries (on the example of the Vladimir province)

Law enforcement agencies have been and remain an important part of the Russian state system. The field of responsibility of the police authorities of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX- XX centuries was extensive and diverse. It included issues of state, community and public administration, management in the field of economics, industry, transport, finance, control over compliance with laws and regulations, protection of personal rights and property, health care, social security, education, the spiritual sphere and monitoring the moral condition of the population. The article is devoted to the activities of the district police of the Vladimir province in the field of struggle for the physical and moral health of the population. This aspect is insufficiently covered in local-level research, so the author used archival materials from the Vladimir province to complement the image and the scale of the activities of local law enforcement agencies by the beginning of the XX century. Pokrovsky County was the most densely populated due to the high concentration of factory industry and workers. The research is based on the principles of historicism, reliability and scientific character, chronological and historical-systemic methods are used. Specific examples show the role of the county police in combating the spread of infectious diseases and drunkenness among the population, carried out in difficult conditions of active migration flows in cities and counties of the Vladimir province and an ever-growing number of residents. The staff of the Pokrovsky district police department, in addition to the functions of law enforcement and public peace, controlled the opening of hospitals, the provision of medical care, strictly monitored the referral of syphilis-infected residents to county hospitals for treatment, and fought against public drinking in villages and towns of the county. Statistics collected from the field by district police officers were sent to the provincial government, to statistical committees and became the basis for state and public decisions in the relevant areas.

Information and Environmental Media Hygiene as an Object of Sociological Analysis

Relevance. The widespread use of modern information and communication technologies, in particular, social Internet media, forms a special space (media ecosystem), which has a significant impact on the formation of public opinion, values and behavior of people. Particularly significant in the realities of expanding the boundaries of the media space of the culture of modern society, in the context of human interaction and the media ecosystem, is the researchers' appeal to the problem of determining the basic principles of the information and environmental media hygiene, considered as the ability of society to resist the destructive influence of media discourse in the post-truth era and related to the study of the influence of the media on mental and moral health of a person. The purpose of this work is a sociological analysis of the information and environmental media environment as one of the directions of countering the risks and dangers of the modern media environment. Objectives: disclosure of the essence of the main risks and dangers of the modern media environment; analysis of the relationship between the concepts of "information hygiene" and "information and environmental media hygiene"; definition of the basic principles of information and environmental media hygiene both from the side of modern social media (primarily Internet communication) and from the side of modern active users of the media environment (both media consumers and media producers). Methodology. The article uses such general scientific methods as comparative analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization. The research is based on the basic principles of a systematic and structural-functional approach. An ecological approach to understanding the media space was chosen as the main theoretical and methodological guideline. Results. The paper presents the results of theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of information and environmental media hygiene. The basic principles of the information and environmental media hygiene are defined and formulated both on the part of modern social media (primarily Internet communication media) and on the part of modern active users of the media environment (both media consumers and media producers). Conclusions. The modern media space and the developed media environment, in addition to providing various benefits and privileges to meet the information needs of media users, also carries large-scale risks and dangers, which, first of all, include infodemia and infoxification. Due to the fact that these negative phenomena have serious consequences for society, it becomes especially important to define and develop the principles of information and environmental media hygiene, which must be observed both by modern social media (primarily Internet communication) and by active users of the media environment (both media consumers and media producers).

Academic services of psychological support in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education

Introduction. Human life during the period of higher education is filled with numerous stresses, conflicts and crises. There are especially many of them where the quality of education is low, and the subjects of education are deprived or limited in their opportunities to receive special psychological and other support, where special and systematic work is not carried out to form and develop the stress resistance of the subjects of educational relations.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the tasks and capabilities of modern academic psychological services in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education.Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of the tasks and capabilities of modern academic psychological services in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education.Results. University stress is a chronic condition, with little difference between the beginning and end of the academic year, the beginning and end of education. At the same time, the stressful events of the university period of human life are numerous and varied. The stresses of education, including the stresses of innovations in education, significantly reduce academic performance and adversely affect the psychological well-being of students, teachers and other members of the university community. The types of stress and support for members of the university community may be different. Numerous complexities of university life include issues such as adaptation to a new environment and the general stress of student / teaching life, etc.: problems of acquiring and assigning academic competencies, problems of academic and related relationships, problems of fairness – inclusion and stigmatization – exclusion, problems education of children, problems of entering the profession, its practice, problems of physical, psychological, moral health, etc. All this speaks of the multiplicity of tasks and opportunities of modern academic psychological services in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education.Conclusion. A psychologist can and should act as a model of «ideal» students, teachers, leaders, parents, that is, people who have developed competencies in the ability to learn, teach, educate and be educated. But his main task is to facilitate, assistance, support the development of these competencies, including stress tolerance competencies, other competencies in the field of prevention and coping with difficulties in crisis and stressful situations, in other subjects of education. This imposes very serious requirements on the level of professional, personal and interpersonal maturity of an academic service specialist, activities in the field of directed formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of educational relations.

The influence of migration and urbanization on the incidence of street children in Nigeria

Many countries around the world are experiencing rapid urbanization, which is closely linked to migration. Cities are growing exponentially as people migrate in search of better opportunities. As the rural-urban influx continues, urban facilities are strained, and this results in poverty, which is a promising situation for the incidence of street children. Through the literature review, the study provides insights into the relationship between migration, urbanization and street child incidence in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria, and the reasons why children are involved in street life. It also explains some important theories that have advanced our knowledge of the phenomenon. The study shows that there is a relationship between migration, urbanization, and the incidence of street children in Nigeria. Although these children have some opportunities and freedom to work and do whatever they want on the streets, their dignity is still violated, which has adverse effects on their overall well-being in terms of mental, physical, emotional, and moral health. The article identifies poverty as the main factor that pushes children to the streets in Nigeria, and the same factor is observed to influence their migration from one geographical area to another. The article concludes by suggesting the enormous demographic benefits for children.

Building Resilience in Students: Managed and Minimised Stress in Students

Stressful events in students' and teachers' personal, academic, and professional lives are widespread. The paper discusses many effective methods and techniques for correcting and preventing stress that are simple to learn and practice. They give good results in working with children, adolescents, and youths in training and education. Some practices are more complex and require more attention and effort to understand and master them, but they also have broader capabilities in various situations. Therefore, training sessions aimed at training in the prevention and correction of (di)stress conditions are very relevant and necessary. The results showed that there is a conscious and urgent need for students to reduce anxiety and stress, including ways to deal with learning stresses. Stress management can and should be structured and systematically organized, including in the instrumental sense: students need to be taught how to manage stress and themselves, increase their resistance to stress (resilience), and be trained to use different coping techniques with anxiety, as appropriate. In an empirical study, representatives of other groups of students from three Kazakh universities answered questions from three author's stress questionnaires. According to the respondents, the study results showed that students need knowledge about stress. The study showed the urgent need for special educational and training seminars, lectures, and even courses on (di)stress and physical, mental, and moral injuries and coping with them. Such classes are needed to help schoolchildren and students cope with stress and avoid problems with moral, mental, and physical health to prevent other negative consequences of school and related strains.

PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS FOR THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SAFE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR PARTICIPANTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCES

The article examines ways to increase the awareness of future teachers in the issues of safe behavior of participants in the educational process in educational institutions and their ability to predict and choose adequate methods of action in case of dangerous situations. It has been established that the analysis of normative legal acts enables future teachers to plan activities related to the implementation of quality education, prevention and timely corrections in educational activities in cases of emergency situations. It is well-founded that the subject of educational classes in professionally oriented disciplines (lectures, practical, individual, seminar classes and consultations) should provide students with knowledge of emotional, psychophysiological, spiritual and moral health of participants in the educational process. The necessity of forming mutual personal feelings towards students in future teachers in combination with acquiring the ability to fulfill regulatory and legal requirements regarding their own professional and pedagogical activity has been updated. It is recommended that, during the preparation of future teachers to create a safe educational environment in classes in professionally oriented disciplines, consider the issue of mastering the pedagogical impact of stressful tactics on the child's health, methods of creating psycho-emotional comfort of students in learning, prevention of neuroses, peculiarities of communication with children with neuropsychological disorders, overcoming the child's anxiety, tactics of psychological and pedagogical support, methods and techniques of psychological and pedagogical correction of the conditions of participants in the educational process. Training of future teachers to organize the safe life of students in educational institutions is connected with the creation of a motivational and innovative educational environment by acquiring knowledge on the formation of safe behavior of students by means of pedagogical innovations (studying in small groups, working in pairs, etc.) and intensifying the accumulation of knowledge by students.

Restore and Rebuild (R&R) – a feasibility pilot study of a co-designed intervention for moral injury-related mental health difficulties

ABSTRACT Background: Moral injury can significantly negatively impact mental health, but currently no validated treatment for moral injury-related mental health difficulties exists in a UK context. This study aimed to examine whether the Restore and Rebuild (R&R) treatment was feasible to deliver, acceptable and well tolerated by UK military veterans with moral injury related mental health difficulties. Method: The R&R treatment was delivered to 20 patients who reported distress related to exposure to a morally injurious event(s) during military service. R&R is a 20-session psychotherapy with key themes of processing the event, self compassion, connecting with others and core values. Treatment was delivered online, weekly, one-to-one by a single therapist. Qualitative interviews with patients and the therapist who delivered R&R were conducted to explore acceptability and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Following treatment, patients experienced a significant reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, alcohol misuse and moral injury related distress. R&R was found to be well tolerated by patients and improved their perceived wellbeing. Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence that veterans struggling with moral injury related mental ill health can benefit from R&R treatment.

Students with limited health capacities as bullying victims in inclusive school practice

The author of the article actualizes the problem of bullying of adolescents with limited health capacities by their normatively developing peers, when their education is carried out jointly in the system of inclusive education. The article presents the results of the study. The main form of its implementation was an oral survey. The study participants were 48 schoolchildren with developmental disorders. They constituted a risk group as victims of bullying. The status of a bullying victim was confirmed in 70.8 % of students. They are systematically exposed to aggressive influence, which is initiated by their healthy peers in the context of inclusive school practice. It is reported that verbal forms of aggressive impact on students with limited health capacities dominate. The connection between the nosological group and the risk of becoming a victim of bullying is denied. Schoolchildren with various developmental disorders may be subject to aggressive actions on the part of their healthy classmates. However, students with sensory and mental impairments become victims of bullying more often. Bullying harms the physical, moral, and mental health of students. The risks of bullying in inclusive school practice are reduced if students with normal and impaired development are united in one group from the very beginning of their joint educational activities. The author notes that the condition for preventing and countering bullying in an inclusive school environment is the formation of an inclusive culture among participants in the educational process and inclusive traditions in an educational organization. At the same time, when choosing an inclusive practice as an educational model for students with developmental disorders, it is important to take into account their psychological readiness for joint learning with normotypical peers.

Ex-ante moral hazard and health insurance: Evidence from China's urban residence basic medical insurance scheme.

This study examines whether implementing Urban Residents Medical Insurance Scheme decreased an individual's risky lifestyle behavior before illness, termed ex-ante moral hazard. Ex-ante moral hazard is predicted by the classical economic theory suggesting that health insurance coverage reduces an individual's incentive to take preventive efforts to remain healthy. Studies have provided mixed evidence for this prediction. China's 2006 nationwide social experiment of implementing the Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance Scheme offers an excellent opportunity for examining the effect of the transition from uninsured to insured on an individual's health behaviors. We exploit the longitudinal dimension of a representative survey data for 2007-2010 and employ the instrumental variable technique, thereby addressing the issue of self-selection into voluntary health insurance schemes. The results do not provide evidence for and contrast the prediction of the ex-ante moral hazard. Significant differences exist between insured and uninsured groups with respect to smoking, drinking habits, and being overweight. People with insurance care more about their health than people without insurance do. The main results still hold if we use alternative estimation methods and other robustness tests.

НРАВСТВЕННОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ В УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНОЙ СФЕРЫ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ МУЛЬТ- И ВИДЕОКОНТЕНТА

The article deals with the problem of moral education of younger schoolchildren. The authors emphasize the role of pedagogical influence through cartoon content in the formation of the moral image of younger schoolchildren. The relevance of this approach is due to the aggressiveness and blurring of the pedagogical potential of modern video culture and cartoon content, which have a negative impact on the moral and mental health of younger schoolchildren. The success of solving this problem is seen in the integration of the educational capabilities of various social institutions, including institutions of the socio-cultural sphere, which possess methods of using the capabilities of multicontent in the moral education of younger schoolchildren.

Unlawful Intimacy: The Criminalization of Interracial Relationships in Progressive-Era Chicago

This article shows how Progressive-Era state actors in Chicago employed open-ended, low-level criminal charges directed at regulating the moral health of the community to criminalize interracial relationships—even though interracial marriage had been legal in Illinois since 1870. Capacious legal definitions of offenses like vagrancy, disorderly conduct, adultery, and fornication allowed police officers and judges to delineate moral and immoral relationships along racial lines. Using newspaper articles, writing from contemporary social reformers, and court reports, this article reconstructs the treatment of interracial couples in the Chicago legal system to show how discretion in criminal law can reinforce racial hierarchy. I offer three historical arguments: first, that individual arrests and prosecutions of interracial couples labeled lawful, interracial relationships as a form of unlawful “vice,” second, that large-scale raids on spaces for interracial socialization reinforced the criminality of interracial intimacy in a segregated city, and third, that singling out interracial couples allowed the state to exercise control through intrusive forms of punishment like probation and institutionalization.