Moral Foundations Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Filial Piety in The Analects and The Bible

As two classic works of Western and Chinese civilizations, to a large extent the Analects and the Bible can represent the two civilizations. Through textual analysis, the paper finds that filial piety occupies a great position in both the two classics for it is the foundation of personal morality and the precondition of all education. The differences of filial piety in the two classics mainly lay in the different goals and functions. In the Analects, filial piety serves as a way to achieve benevolence which is Confuciuss core thought and functions to maintain the order of feudal society. While in the Bible, filial piety functions as a way for men to achieve their ultimate goal, being loyal and obedient to the supreme God.

SUPERVISI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN DI PONDOK AL-MUSLIMUN MENUJU GENERASI UNGGUL DI ERA GLOBALISASI

In the contemporary era of globalization, the supervision of education plays a pivotal role in shaping competent individuals capable of navigating the complexities of modern life while upholding Islamic principles. This study delves into the essence of educational supervision within the framework of an integrated Islamic educational institution, aiming to prepare a generation of scholars adept in both worldly affairs and spiritual pursuits. By elucidating the core objectives and methodologies outlined by Dayah Terpadu Al-Muslimun, this research investigates how a comprehensive curriculum, blending modern and Salafi pedagogies, nurtures graduates who embody holistic Islamic values. The study reveals that through a curriculum rooted in Islamic principles and supplemented by the national religious curriculum, students develop a strong foundation in faith, knowledge, and ethics, alongside proficiency in Arabic, English, technology, and organizational skills. The findings underscore the significance of a balanced education that harmonizes religious teachings with contemporary knowledge, fostering individuals who are not only intellectually astute but also morally upright. In conclusion, this research advocates for educational supervision strategies that prioritize the cultivation of well-rounded individuals capable of contributing positively to both the Muslim community and global society

Taking Advantage of Their Seniority: How the Misbehavior of Senior Tourists Influence Young Adults’ Prosocial Behavior Towards Them

Although the senior tourism sector is widely recognized as a growing market, misbehaviors by elderly tourists is an under researched issue within the field of tourism. This paper offers insights into inappropriate behaviors by senior tourists and explores the responses of young adults toward such instances of misbehavior. Through a multimethod approach, we reveal that the intentional (vs. unintentional) misbehavior by senior tourists results in reduced prosocial behavior in young adults. The social class signifiers of senior tourists who intentionally misbehave significantly influence the responses of young adults, with those perceived to be of a high social class drawing harsher judgements. This effect holds for young adults with high benevolent ageism but is constrained by low benevolent ageism in young adults. Our findings extend the application of expectancy violation theory and moral foundations theory to tourist misbehaviors and we conclude by offering suggestions for improving intergenerational relationships at tourist destinations.

An Exploration of Ideological and Political Education in College English Courses

This paper delves into the theoretical foundation and practical implementation of ideological and political education (IPE) within college English classrooms. Initially, it defines IPE and highlights its critical role in the fundamental educational task of cultivating virtue and character. The paper then outlines the specific requirements and principles necessary for integrating IPE into college English courses. The study underscores that beyond enhancing students' language proficiency, college English courses should also foster students' social responsibility, academic integrity, and scientific ethics through implicit teaching methods. By improving teachers' IPE teaching capabilities, deeply integrating IPE elements into course content, and utilizing modern information technology to innovate teaching methods, the paper proposes effective strategies to achieve IPE goals. The integration of IPE in college English courses holds substantial theoretical and practical importance, particularly in the context of the new era, and it actively promotes higher education teaching reform. This comprehensive approach ensures that students not only gain linguistic skills but also develop a strong ethical foundation and a sense of social responsibility, thereby aligning with the broader educational objectives of fostering well-rounded individuals.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРНО-ЕТИЧНИХ ЗАСАД УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН У ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ

The article reveals the basics of the cultural and ethical foundations of managerial relations in public administration, describes the culture of managerial relations in the public administration system elucidates the basic foundations of the ethical foundations of managerial relations in the public administration system. It is noted that the European integration progress of Ukraine requires the formation of a new generation of employees who would act in accordance with European standards of management, moral and ethical norms of European society, correspond to modern trends in the political, economic arena, social realities and be able to observe a fundamentally new order of organizational and management interactions. The specifics of compliance with ethical and moral principles and the main components of the management culture of civil servants are determined: ethical beliefs, moral qualities (sense of responsibility, conscience, uncompromisingness), moral habits, abilities and actions, etc. The general characteristics of the culture of the social environment in which the personality of the civil servant is formed and the culture of the society in which his official activity is carried out are revealed, which determine the content of value orientation in the process of performing professional duties and general moral guidelines. It has been established that the key point for building professional ethics is awareness of the purpose of the profession in society, the social functions that professionals must perform – awareness of the mission of the profession. Such a mission for civil servants is the principle of service to the people – the semantic core around which the system of cultural and ethical professional value orientations of public managers should be built. Directions for improving the cultural and ethical foundations of managerial relations in public administration at the organizational and personal levels are proposed.

The Ebb and Flow of Morality: The Role of Purity in the Public Perceptions of Fukushima's Processed Water Release

AbstractThe Japanese government's decision to discharge treated water into the ocean has drawn citizens' attention, and the evaluation of this issue remains controversial. The themes underlying social issues are connected to the moral foundation of Haidt's moral foundations theory. Accordingly, these foundations appeal to individuals' subjective approval of their moral foundations. The treated water issue is related to the purity foundation; thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of the purity foundation on the support for the treated water issue by collecting data from 1,291 Japanese participants immediately after the first discharge of treated water. To measure the purity‐related concept, the Purity Orientation–Pollution Avoidance Scale (POPA) was employed. The results of our multiple regression analysis showed a negative association for the Mental Purity subscale and a positive association for the Respect for Religion subscale of POPA. The different aspects of Japanese purity highlighted by POPA are discussed. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in people's attitudes toward social issues.

How Moral Reframing Enhances Political Persuasion: The Role of Processing Fluency and Self-Affirmation

This study examined the psychological mechanisms underlying the persuasive effects of moral reframing—matching message content to recipients’ core moral foundations—by focusing on processing fluency, message processing depth, and self-affirmation as mediators. An online experiment conducted in South Korea demonstrated that, across two policy issues, moral reframing promoted processing fluency and self-affirmation, thereby enhancing the perceived persuasiveness of policy advocacy messages. Furthermore, self-affirmation increased support for policies advocated by the messages. However, the depth of message processing did not differ between participants who read messages aligned with their moral foundations and those exposed to mismatched messages. In sum, the results suggest that moral reframing enhances persuasion by facilitating reflection on positive self-aspects and intuitive processing, rather than by encouraging deeper processing of the messages.

Why should we punish and how? The role of moral intuitions and personal worldviews for punitiveness and sentencing preferences

ABSTRACT This research investigated the role of moral foundations and broader worldviews in judgments about why and how criminal offenders should be punished. In Study 1, Swedish law students (N = 103) and social science students (N = 130) evaluated how harsh the punishment for crimes that varied across three crime categories and five contexts should be. In Study 2, Swedish adults (N = 161) evaluated eight sentencing goals and thirteen sentencing methods. Humanism and individualizing intuitions were associated with higher punitiveness for crimes that involved a selfish motive or harm inflicted upon the victim and with increased focus on rehabilitation and counseling. Normativism and binding intuitions were associated with higher punitiveness when the damage was primarily material, less leniency when there were mitigating circumstances, and more focus on retribution, deterrence, restoration, incapacitation, denunciation, and imprisonment. The moral foundations predicted preferences concerning sentence goals and methods better while the worldviews predicted punitiveness better. The results show that we need to take both people’s moral foundations and their broader worldviews into consideration to understand why and how they think criminals should be punished.

Shining the "Light" on Moral Foundations: Light Versus Dark Personality Relates More Strongly to Moral Foundations.

Endorsement of the moral foundations specified by Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) can sometimes fail to relate negatively to certain dispositions indicative of bad moral character. This evidence has fueled some concerns over whether the moral foundations in MFT are "moral." To increase understanding of how moral foundations relate to moral character, we proposed the "asymmetry hypothesis." This hypothesis states that "good" character is a more powerful predictor of each moral foundation than "bad" character. Put differently, there is an asymmetry in the strength (not merely direction) with which the moral foundations relate to encompassing indicators of good versus bad character. This is important because it suggests that links between the moral foundations and moral character will be somewhat concealed by focusing on bad character and/or not considering encompassing indicators of good character. A sample of college participants (N = 514) rated their endorsement of moral foundations and completed two sets of measures that represented encompassing indicators of both good and bad character. The data supported the asymmetry hypothesis: Each encompassing good-character assessment was a stronger predictor of each moral foundation than its corresponding encompassing bad-character assessment. Furthermore, variance unique to any good-character assessment had about moderate relations with each moral foundation, but variance unique to any bad-character assessment had no more than small relations with each moral foundation. The study provides a more nuanced understanding of how moral character relates to moral foundations and highlights utility in considering moral character as multidimensional.

Towards an ethical existence

This study investigates the theme of crossings in literature, whether it involves trespassing boundaries or limitations, or crossings that enable hybridizations. The concept of crossing is linked to its ethical potential in our geo-historical time, the Anthropocene, a period that calls for a reexamination of the foundations of ethics. To achieve this, well-known literary works such as Os Lusíadas by Luís de Camões, Paradise Lost by John Milton, and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood are examined. The analysis is based on Jane Bennett's concept of enchantment. Additionally, authors who adhere to the Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) perspective, such as Graham Harman and Timothy Morton, will be brought into the discussion. The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the role literature and art (in general) play in a time when the rational foundation of ethics is being questioned. The Anthropocene is understood here as a new geological epoch that begs for a revisiting of certain concepts and dichotomies that shape modernity. Thus, there is an acknowledgment of the need to reconsider the foundation of ethics given the rupture provoked by the Anthropocene. This paper provides an examination of the complex interplay between literature, ethics, and the Anthropocene, emphasizing enchantment as a conceptual tool to unravel the ethical dimensions presented by the selected literary works. Furthermore, the works of Camões, Milton, and Atwood expose some of the implications of the enchantment/disenchantment dichotomy that characterizes modernity. The study, therefore, aims to contribute to how literature and art can help cultivate affects that aid in navigating contemporary ethical challenges in a world marked by significant climate transformations.

The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals' Attitudes Toward White Privilege.

Many White Americans are unaware of or tend to deny the existence of White privilege. One potential explanation for this denial is the belief that America functions as a meritocracy. Prior research suggests that morally reframed messages can change individuals' beliefs when the reframed messages align with their personal moral values. Contributing to the literature on morally reframed messages, the current pair of studies challenged individuals' beliefs about meritocracy in order to promote their awareness of White privilege. After demonstrating that morally reframed messages about America as a meritocracy can meaningful reflect five distinct moral foundations (i.e., Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Respect, Purity/Sanctity), the current studies revealed that individuals who endorsed the moral values of Authority/Respect, Loyalty/Betrayal, and Purity/Sanctity (the binding foundations) reported stronger beliefs in meritocracy and less awareness of White privilege, whereas individuals who endorsed the moral values of Harm/Care and Fairness/Reciprocity (individualizing foundations) reported weaker beliefs in meritocracy and greater awareness of White privilege (Studies 1 and 2). Although the morally reframed messages promoted individuals' White privilege awareness compared to a control message (Study 2), the effectiveness of the messages was not enhanced when the messages aligned with individuals' moral values (Studies 1 and 2). The current pair of studies is the first to examine if individuals' endorsement of the five moral foundations can be used to change their beliefs about White privilege.

No Peace without Justice, Just War as a Moral Frame of Reference

This article discusses the question of the possibility of moral and ethical grounds for the justification of the use of violence in modern times international conflicts. And specifically, how does the tradition of just war fit into this discussion? For this, a closer look at what just war thinking means is necessary. In this respect we would describe just war thinking more as a just war tradition than a just war theory, as there is no encompassing theory on just war. In history you see a development from the justification of war to a more problematic relation to the possibility of the use of military force. This can be illustrated by the more recent shift from just war thinking towards just peace thinking. This leads to the question: what kind of peace? We argue in this article that peace and justice are connected, and that you cannot have true peace without true justice.

Cushion hypothesis and credit risk: Islamic versus conventional banks from the MENA region.

Conventional banks are 'indirectly' allowed to take more risk under the shadow of sovereign guarantees. Banks commit moral hazards as any major banking crisis will be 'cushioned' by deposit insurance and bailed out using the taxpayer's money. This study offers an alternative explanation for the determinants of banks' credit risk, particularly those from the Islamic regions. Although conventional banks and Islamic banks may share state and social cushioning systems, Islamic banks are strictly prohibited by moral and religious principles from gambling with depositors' funds, even if there is a cushion available to bail them out. However, banks belonging to collective societies, such as those in the MENA area, may be inclined to take more risks due to the perception of having a larger safety net to protect them in the event of failure. We analyse these theoretical intersections by utilising a dataset consisting of 320 banks from 20 countries, covering the time span from 2006 to 2021. Our analysis employs a combination of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and 2-step System-GMM methodologies. Our analysis reveals that Islamic banks are less exposed to credit risk compared to conventional banks. We contend that the stricter ethical and moral ground and multi-layer monitoring system amid protracted geopolitical and post-pandemic crises impacting Islamic countries contribute to the lower credit risk. We examine the consequences for credit and liquidity management in Islamic banks and the risk management strategies employed by Islamic banks, which can serve as a valuable reference for other banks.

Green and Good? Examining Intended and Unintended Effects of Morally Framed Climate Messages

ABSTRACT Based on Moral Foundations Theory, message framing, and the Sacred Values Protection Model, this pre-registered experiment tested the effects of five different moral frames in climate change messages among N = 715 U.S. adults. Contrary to prior research, we did not find evidence that matching a message’s moral frame to individuals’ endorsements of moral foundations enhances intended positive outcomes, including perceived message effectiveness (PME) and policy support. However, a moral frame mismatch did reduce PME. Also contrary to scholarly warnings about potential negative effects of moralized communication, we did not find evidence for unintended consequences of moral frame matching for outgroup perceptions. Political ideology did moderate the effect of moral framing on desired social proximity (i.e. willingness to interact with moral outgroup members) and perceived message effectiveness. Our findings raise questions about the benefits of using moral frames that invoke only one moral foundation in climate change communication.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Moral Foundations in Argumentation

This paper introduces moral argument analytics, a technology that provides insights into the use of moral arguments in discourse. We analyse five socio-political corpora of argument annotated data from offline and online discussions, totalling 240k words with 9k arguments, with an average annotation accuracy of 78%. Using a lexicon-based method, we automatically annotate these arguments with moral foundations, achieving an estimated accuracy of 83%. Quantitative analysis allows us to observe statistical patterns and trends in the use of moral arguments, whereas qualitative analysis enables us to understand and explain the communication strategies in the use of moral arguments in different settings. For instance, supporting arguments often rely on Loyalty and Authority, while attacking arguments use Care. We find that online discussions exhibit a greater diversity of moral foundations and a higher negative valence of moral arguments. Online arguers often rely more on Harm rather than Care, Degradation rather than Sanctity. These insights have significant implications for AI applications, particularly in understanding and predicting human and machine moral behaviours. This work contributes to the construction of more convincing messages and the detection of harmful or biased AI-generated synthetic content.

Migration policies versus public health - the ethics of Covid-19 related movement restrictions for asylum seekers in reception centers in Greece in 2020.

The emergency context of the Covid-19 pandemic necessitated the use of national and international public health measures of unprecedented scale to minimize mortality and morbidity, often in conflict with other principles and rights, such as the autonomy of individuals. Concerns have been voiced that for populations facing precarity, such as migrants, a disproportionate and unfair application of restrictive measures, deficient application of protective measures, and even enforcement of restrictive migration policies under the pretext of the pandemic has occurred. Various principles have been proposed as moral foundations of public health interventions. The author used two public health ethics frameworks to examine the ethical acceptability of movement restrictions on asylum seekers residing in refugee camps in Greece from March 2020 to October 2020. Most of the principles described in the frameworks for the ethical application of movement restrictions were not adhered to. Main concerns include that, measures were prolonged despite lack of evidence about their effectiveness to reduce morbidity and mortality, while posing severe and disproportionate burdens for this population. An ethically acceptable public health response to Covid-19 is incompatible with certain living conditions of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants. The question of whether and if so the extent to which the discipline of public health inherently has the role of rectifying existing injustices and social inequalities when these can be convincingly related to health outcomes, is central to the design of public health interventions for these populations. The answer can exemplify the need to address moral and political determinants of health. It is essential for public health professionals to be aware of the moral theorizations that underpin their work, so as to ensure that their policies are aligned with those and to contribute to the debate that shapes these determinants.

Different judgment frameworks for moral compliance and moral violation

In recent decades, the field of moral psychology has focused on moral judgments based on some moral foundations/categories (e.g., harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity). When discussing the moral categories, however, whether a person judges moral compliance or moral violation has been rarely considered. We examined the extent to which moral judgments are influenced by each other across moral categories and explored whether the framework of judgments for moral violation and compliance would be different. For this purpose, we developed the episodes set for moral and affective behaviors. For each episode, participants evaluated valence, arousal, morality, and the degree of relevance to each of the Haidt's 5 moral foundations. The cluster analysis showed that the moral compliance episodes were divided into three clusters, whereas the moral violation episodes were divided into two clusters. Also, the additional experiment indicated that the clusters might not be stable in time. These findings suggest that people have different framework of judgments for moral compliance and moral violation.

The Role of Virtue Ethics in Modern Moral Dilemmas

Purpose: The study sought to investigate how virtue ethics can be applied to contemporary ethical issues and comparing its implementation across different cultural contexts. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the role of virtue ethics in modern moral dilemmas. Preliminary empirical review revealed that virtue ethics provided a robust framework for addressing modern moral dilemmas by focusing on the development of moral character and the habitual practice of virtues like honesty, courage, and compassion. It emphasized that virtues guide not only actions but also motivations, enabling consistent ethical behavior. The study highlighted the importance of community and social context in nurturing virtues, suggesting that supportive environments are crucial for ethical decision-making in various settings, such as healthcare and corporate governance. Ultimately, virtue ethics was found to promote ethical resilience and adaptability, making it a valuable approach for resolving contemporary ethical challenges and fostering a more just and sustainable world. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Aristotle's Virtue Ethics, Alasdair MacIntyre's Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics and Philippa Foot's Natural Goodness may be used to anchor future studies on virtue ethics and modern moral dilemmas. The study recommended expanding the theoretical foundations of virtue ethics to include contemporary issues, integrating virtue ethics into professional and personal domains, and incorporating it into public policy frameworks. It emphasized the need for educational institutions to promote character development and suggested community programs to nurture virtues. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of continuous research and interdisciplinary dialogue to keep virtue ethics relevant in addressing modern moral dilemmas. These recommendations aimed to enhance theoretical insights, improve practical applications, and create policies that foster an ethically conscious society.

Mengintegrasikan Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Di Sekolah Dasar

Indonesian education faces problems with improving ethics that can be integrated with Information Technology. It is important to carry out research implementation to develop character-based learning media. This research is descriptive and qualitative with data collection techniques; interviews, observation, and documentation of learning media in schools. Research locations in several elementary schools in Padang City. This research analyses learning media, character education, and the needs of elementary school students. The research results show that students need character-based learning media to strengthen their character values. These findings highlight the importance of character education from an early age in forming a strong moral and ethical foundation. Apart from that, integration of information technology is also a major need for students. By using IT-based learning media, students can dig deeper into their digital competencies. Integrating character into IT-based learning media promises a holistic approach to meeting students' needs not only academically but also in terms of character development and digital literacy. Analysis of character education highlights the urgent need to improve students' character. Incorporating character into learning the media is a powerful tool for forming positive attitudes, behaviour, and values ​​in students. Therefore, the results of this analysis suggest the need to integrate efforts to meet the needs of students at the elementary level in a comprehensive manner. The combination of text-based learning media and information technology is the key to creating a learning environment that answers the needs of the times and produces a competent and ethical generation.

The Principle of “Siri’ na Pacce” in Realizing Sustainable Development

Sustainable development requires a holistic approach that takes into account Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) aspects. Local wisdom such as Siri' Na Pacce from the Bugis-Makassar community has great potential to make a significant contribution to sustainable development. The aim of the research is to evaluate the extent to which the Siri' Na Pacce principles reflect ESG values in sustainable development. This research uses a systematic literature review (SLR) method, namely by utilizing articles or other research findings that are relevant to the topic under study. The research results show that the Siri' Na Pacce principles substantially reflect Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) values. The values of integrity and openness in Siri' Na Pacce emphasize the need for honesty, accountability and transparency in behavior and decision making. Meanwhile, the values of justice and togetherness emphasize the importance of equality and collaboration in society, including the ESG concept. The implication is that the integration of Siri' Na Pacce values in development practices can strengthen the ESG dimension, creating a strong moral foundation for sustainable and responsible behavior in various sectors of society.