Moral Discipline Research Articles

The contemporary aspect of populism in the context of ideological norm

Problem setting. The article deals with the problems of populism in the context of ideology: conservatism and liberalism. The growth of populism comes after the destruction of the liberal consensus, which began after the Cold War, with increasing tension between democratic majority and liberal constitutionalism – the two main pillars of democratic regimes. Strengthening the role of populism shows the gradual loss of the attractiveness of liberal solutions in the field of politics, economy and culture, and ideology.Recent research and publications analysis. World experience shows that the populist movement was intensified in periods when the country experienced a turning point in its history. In sharp socio-economic changes particularly when breaking the old principles and adopting new ones, the political arena is occupied by populist leaders, who suggest simplified ideas and quick decisions to solve crisis issues.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. An important point in building a strong civil society is the populism syndrome of Soviet human. While being the part of an empire, which focused its attention on the image that went for export, it adjusted the system of ideological mirrors, creating the illusion of its, and therefore our, presence in the world. The purpose of the article is to analyze the contemporary aspect of populism through the prism of ideological norms (namely conservatism and liberalism).Paper main body. As a system of views, ideas and concepts, ideology is embodied in various forms of social consciousness that differ in their subject matter, the nature of the reflection of the interests of the public subject, and the function they perform in public life. As a rule, ideology is closely related to such forms of social consciousness as political consciousness and legal consciousness, art and morality, philosophy and science, as well as religion, economic consciousness of a person, etc.World experience shows that the populist movement intensified at a time when countries were experiencing crucial stages in their history. With dramatic socio-economic shifts, especially when the old foundations were broken and the new ones were not yet clearly defined, populist figures were entering the political arena.Among the reasons for the emergence of populism in the mass consciousness and political ideologies of different states, including the post-Soviet space, is the desire of citizens to associate positive socio-economic development with individuals and the so-called “iron” power. At the same time, democracy is perceived as a brake on the path of economic stabilization and progress, which is stimulated by a certain part of the national political party. Unless there is support in the majority of the population, the process of active depletion begins, and it is given to the reaction of self-defence of one's own “populist slogans”.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Analyzing the views of representatives of liberalism, we can state that this socio-political trend is not “negative”. Besides, in the controversy of individualism with the collectivism, it adheres to the position of an arbitrator. After all, a liberal cannot be considered as an individualist who wants self-isolation. A free person is open, as well as a free society. The person in such a society is always inherent in individual responsibility, moral discipline. In society, a person knows how to “connect himself/herself internally”.When turning to the ideas of populism in the context of ideologies, this issue is gaining another political discourse, it should be noted that this phenomenon has acquired the status of everyday experience today. The struggle for power is the main theme and driving motive of this sphere of communication. The more open and democratic a society life is, the more attention is paid to populism in society.

Onna-Bugeisha 'Warrior Women' [University of Central Oklahoma

For centuries, women in Japan have been cast as geishas, however, the history of onna-bugeisha or “warrior women” pose a contrasting shadow. These warrior women took up training focused on using the naginata, a sort of spear with a curved blade on the end and the kaiken, a sort of dagger. They trained to protect their homes and villages; in addition, some would even carry their training into battle. In the twelfth century, Hangaku Gozen and Tomoe Gozen, while Nakano Takeko in the nineteenth century were considered to be among the best of the onna-bugeisha. These women led their own armies into battle, some made up of only women and some of only men. Very little is written about these women as Japanese warriors. Tomoe is only briefly mentioned in the Heike Monogatari, a series of stories detailing the Genpei wars (1182-1185). The down play of their importance is evident in the lack of resources recording their lives. This is possibly because their warrior-like-actions threatened the natural masculinity of the samurai. Once the samurai become a rising class structure, the onna-bugeisha began to fall away in importance, second to their husbands. As they moved behind the scenes, their training emerged to represent a method of moral discipline rather than preparing for combat. Their natural warrior way of life faded from their daily lives and the Japanese history. Most of my sources are journal articles giving the base for this research concerning the Samurai and their lives. Other sources include Japanese Girls and Women, a book by Alice Mabel Bacon, published in 1891 and Samurai Women 1184-1877a book by Stephen Turnbull, published in 2010.

Tujuh Pembiasaan Akhlaq Disiplin dI Sekolah Berbasis Alam (Studi Kasus Di SMP Sanggar Anak Alam Nitiprayan Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta)

Discipline is an action that shows orderly behavior and is compliant with a rule or norm. Compliance or obedience to the rule system in life, will not feel heavy if done consciously. The attitude of the discipline becomes light if it is carried out together. Discipline Akhlak become an individual's hopes and dreams. No exception is the expectations of teachers to students, parents to children, leaders to employee. This study uses field research with descriptive-qualitative data types. The results of this study indicate that the habitual discipline in Sanggar Anak Alam School (SALAM) has been going well. There are supporting factors and there are inhibiting factors in the discipline of moral discipline in the Sanggar Anak Alam School (SALAM)

Mindfulness Beyond Self-Help

This paper grounds the popular discussions of mindfulness in the U.S. that frame it as a self-help technique in the primary discourses of the Buddha, and cautions against an appropriation of mindfulness as an individualistic and a pragmatic tool. Specifically, I focus on the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (The Foundations of Mindfulness) that is part of the “long collection,” Digha Nikaya (DN), which includes a detailed discussion of the four noble truths and the noble eightfold path that explore the problem of suffering and liberation from suffering in human experience. The noble eightfold path offers a framework for the systematic training of mental faculties through three groups that are interrelated: virtue, concentration, and discernment. Mindfulness is part of the concentration group, which is part of a training that equally emphasizes virtue (moral discipline) and wisdom (discernment). Finally, I discuss communicative and epistemological implications of mindfulness discourses that present ways of knowing and beingin-the-world beyond self-centeredness.

UPAYA PREVENTIF GURU KRISTEN DALAM MENGHADAPI DEGRADASI MORAL ANAK

The current phenomenon of child delinquency leads to moral degradation. The fact is children are no longer victims of violence, but also become perpetrators. The emergence of cases of destruction, abuse, rape and even murder carried out by children, show the weakness of moral education in Indonesia. There are two main factors that influence, namely external and internal. There needs to be synergy between parents, teachers and the community to educate children. In addition to moral education in the family and society, school becomes a parent's partner to educate and instill moral values ​​for children in school. In this case, the teacher has a big role in shaping the child into a moral person. Especially in this case, Christian teachers (teachers who are Christian) need to have an awareness of children's needs for moral values because these values ​​are in line with noble Christian values. This research is here to help Christian teachers by offering steps to be able to teach moral values ​​for children in school. The author used descriptive method so that readers can see a picture of the research results more closely. The efforts to overcome children's moral degradation in school include creating a moral community, designing shared moral discipline, upholding moral discipline, teaching conflict resolution and guiding students.

السرد القصصی على لسان الحیوان فی کتاب النمر والثعلب لسهل بن هارون دراسة تحلیلیة

إن البحث في تراث أي أمة هو بحث في مصادر حکمتها، واستقراء في تاريخ حضارتها، وأبعاد ثقافتها، والتراث العربي لا يخرج عن ذلک إذ يعد السرد القصصي جزء أصيل من التراث العربي القديم، ويعکس نتاج الأمة الثقافي، ووعيها السياسي والحضاري، فالسرد القصصي على لسان الحيوان من بين أقدم الأنواع القصصية الموجودة في تراث القصص العربي، التي تعزى فيها الأقوال والأفعال إلى الحيوانات بقصد التهذيب الخلقي والإصلاح الاجتماعي أو النقد السياسي، والتي حملت مواقف وتصورات کشفت أبنية الفکر السياسي وجدلياته مع ما يحدث في الواقع السياسي والثقافي، تحت إطار نصوص سردية قصصية على لسان الحيوان تمتزج فيها الحقيقة بالوهم، والواقع بالخيال، والجد بالهزل. وهذا البحث محاولة تبحث في السردية القصصية على لسان الحيوان في کتاب النمر والثعلب لسهل بن هارون، إذ يعد هذا الکتاب نموذجا نثريا فريدا، بأسلوب السرد القصصي على لسان الحيوان، التي يحتل النمر والثعلب فيها إحدى شخصياته أو بما يمثله هذان الحيوانان من دور مهم في صياغة الحکاية العربية القديمة في المرويات السردية العربية التي صاغت وأسست للحکاية العربية بما تمثله من رمز وإيحاء فکري وسياسي وأخلاقي. الکلمات الدالة: السرد القصصي، سهل بن هارون، النمر والثعلب. Abstract: Storytelling Featuring Talking Animals in Sahl Ibn Haroon’s Book The Tiger and the Fox: an Analytical Study By: Dr. Ahmad Abdul Kareem Al-Mulqi Lecturer Emeritus at the Language Center, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman, Jordan Almulqi25@gmail.com Abstract Exploring the heritage of any nation is a process of surfing through its sources of wisdom, and probing into the history of its civilization and cultural facets. That also applies to the Arabic heritage. Storytelling is an integral part of the ancient Arab legacy. It reflects the cultural products of the nation in addition to its political and cultural awareness. Stories narrated by talking animals are among the oldest kinds of storytelling in the Arabic history. They feature animals as the narrators and characters in action as a means to moral discipline, social reform, or political criticism. They contrast the structure of political thought and its dialectics against the political and cultural realties within the frame of stories narrated by talking animals, thus mingling the truth with illusion, the reality with imagination, and seriousness with humor. This paper attempts to explore animal storytelling in Sahl Ibn Haroon’s book The Tiger and the Fox, being a unique prose model of storytelling by talking animals. The tiger and the fox are characters in the book, but they also represent an important role in forming the ancient Arabic art of narrative, which has established the basis for intellectual, political, and moral symbolism in Arabic narrative. Key words: narrative, Sahl Ibn Haroon, tiger and fox

The Correlation Between Environment in Dormitory with a Convenience of Learning Dormitory Inhabitant in Dormitory I of Yogyakarta Health Polytechnic 2013

Dormitory is not only place for lodging college students, but also used as a place of forming mental, moral discipline and attitude. Preliminary survey showed lighting 31.05 lux was not fulfi lled and humidity 82.5% was not fulfi lled while the temperature 26°C was fulfi lled and respondents said uncomfortable. The study was done in order to know the correlation between environment (lighting, temperatures, and humidity) in dormitory with a convenience of learning dormitory inhabitant in dormitory I of Yogyakarta Health Polytechnic 2013. The method of research was cross sectional approach. The location of research was in dormitory I of Yogyakarta Health Polytechnic with respondents were 50 dormitory in 50 rooms. Independent variable were environment (lighting, temperatures, and humidity) dependent variable was convenient learn. It was analyzed using standard chi-square with signifi cant 5%. The results showed that the lighting not fulfi lled were 26 rooms (52.0%), the temperature not fulfi lled were 27 rooms (54.0%), humidity not fulfi lled were 26 rooms (52.0%), and 25 respondents (50.0%) said uncomfortable. It is concluded that there is a signifi cant correlation between lighting with a convenience of learning. Signifi cant correlation between temperatures with a convenience of learning. Signifi cant correlation between humidity with a convenience of learning. It is suggested to set the dormitory’s facilities for dormitoring inhabitant. In order to not close the natural and artifi cial light’s direction, to open the dormitory window at the morning and afternoon, and also to close the windows at night so the air is not humid circumstances. For the administrator of the dormitory, to add a fan in order to reduce heat.

Pentecostalism and the spirit of entrepreneurship in Ghana: the case of Maame Sarah prayer camp in Ghana

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role that Pentecostalism plays in stimulating entrepreneurial spirit and innovation in Ghana. The study adopts an ethnographic approach, and focuses on the Goka Prayer Camp of the Church of Pentecost in the Jaman North District of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. It is grounded in Weber’s theory of religion as a catalyst for the development of capitalist societies and focuses of religious doctrines, leadership, and institutional networks. Key findings indicate that there is a nexus between Pentecostalism and entrepreneurship development in Ghana. The study showed that Pentecostalism encourages self-determination, self-reliance, and entrepreneurship initiatives among believers due to its prosperity doctrine which states that because believers share in the victory of Jesus Christ over sin, poverty and suffering, they are destined to prosper once they have embraced the faith, maintained strict moral discipline and paid tithe. In addition, Pentecostalism is seen to provide spiritual backing for entrepreneurship by freeing people from ancient superstitious beliefs, and fears that they will be accused of witchcraft, victimised, or die once they become successful. Moreover, the explicit engagement of Pentecostal leaders in the pursuit of material wellbeing sets the pace for members to follow. However, in spite of the role of this strand of Christianity in motivating individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities, we found that they provide weak networks and institutional support, apart from those in the spiritual domain, to facilitate entrepreneurship development among members. It is rather members of the top hierarchy that appear to benefit from these social networks.

Design and Development of Traffic Light and IR Camera Computer Network; a Tool for Infrastructural Planning and Revenue Generation

A traffic light is a device that gives the right of way to any road user. The device is design with three visible colours made up of the Red, Yellow and Green light. It is used to control the movement of vehicles entry or leaving a junction of a town or cities. The red colour light indicates danger or stop movement. The yellow (amber) colour indicates get ready to start or stop movement. The green light indicates crossing the intersection without danger. The infrared camera (IR) is a light emitting diode (LEDs) which can video an image in an extreme low or absence of light condition. The IR camera when installed on a traffic light will capture every vehicle image, colour and the registration number of every vehicle that is given the right of way across an intersection in various locations. The captured data can be stored in a software drive (SD-card) or the hard-disk of the computer. The traffic light and IR camera are interface with a computer network system for visible and data retrieving for further programming processing. This system when installed can be used for infrastructural planning and revenue generation for the Government. It can also be used to prevent road accident and monitor the incessant knapping of the citizen. It serves as a tool for moral discipline for road user when defaulters are persecuted and charge to pay fine. The system will eliminate manual system of controlling traffic and embarrassment caused when there is traffic jam. The system is cheap and easy to install.

Remarks on Immanuel Kant’s assessment of the use of the thesis of innate evil in moral philosophy (Religion, 6:50-51)

ABSTRACTIn Part One of Immanuel Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (1793), the so-called thesis of innate evil (‘The human being is by nature evil’) notoriously plays a central role. Yet in the General Remark closing that part, Kant minimizes the weight of that thesis. In his view, it is of no use in moral dogmatics, and also in moral discipline its meaning is of a limited nature. Consequently, the thesis of innate evil is both relegated to a short footnote in the Introduction and completely passed over in silence in the Doctrine of the methods of ethics in Kant’s Metaphysical Principles of the Doctrine of Virtue (1797). This article investigates Kant’s assessment of the use of the thesis of innate evil in moral philosophy. It explores Kant’s semantics of the thesis in order to find out why the thesis makes no difference in moral philosophy, and tries to demonstrate why it is silenced furthermore in the methods of ethics.

A (des)habitação enquanto um disciplinamento moral e uma prática de Estado na criação de territórios

Inserida na area da antropologia urbana e de uma antropologia do Estado, a pesquisa tem como ponto de partida os processos de reconfiguracao e transformacao urbana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro nos ultimos anos, apontando para um aumento, provocado pelo municipio, dos deslocamentos forcados das familias que habitam areas perifericas e de favelas. Compreendendo esse movimento de (des)habitacao como uma pratica da governamentalidade na construcao de territorios de vulnerabilidade, trazemos algumas reflexoes sobre as acoes do Estado nestes locais, a partir de um percurso etnografico pelos processos judiciais de um nucleo especializado da Defensoria Publica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Nucleo de Terras e Habitacao, e de um retorno a uma pesquisa anterior na regiao portuaria do Rio de Janeiro.

The Archpriest Controversy: The conservative Appellants against the progressive Jesuits

The Archpriest Controversy, a dispute that took place from 1598 to 1602 over the necessity for an archpriest to enforce moral discipline among the English Catholic clergy, has been traditionally seen either as a struggle for hierarchical order within the Catholic Church or a serious ideological breach between the Jesuit faction and the Appellants. In contrast to recent historiography, this paper argues that the Appellants, secular clergy that opposed the archpriest, represented views of conservative English Catholics who believed they could reconcile their political loyalty to their monarch with their Catholicism. The Archpriest Controversy should be reconsidered as a critical moment in a chain of important events from the English Mission of 1580–81 to the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 that reaffirmed the inherently traditionalist nature of the Catholic community in England.

The Age of Reform as an Age of Consolation

This article seeks to provide a new way of interpreting the Age of Reform and its legacy on the occasion of the Protestant Reformation's 500th anniversary. Over the past several decades, many scholars have interpreted the Age of Reform through the lens of a “Discipline Paradigm.” They have stressed the centrality of social and moral discipline in the Age of Reform and its legacy for the modern world. This paradigm has inspired much important and original scholarship, and yet it has also failed to take account of significant aspects of the Age of Reform. This article seeks to revise and challenge the “Discipline Paradigm” by focusing on one of the most important and widespread practices of the period: verbal consolation. There was an unprecedented flowering of such consolation in the Age of Reform and yet scholars have largely ignored it in their treatments of the period. This article seeks to demonstrate how viewing the Age of Reform as an Age of Consolation can provide important new insight into the character and legacy of the Age of Reform, and, indeed, into human existence in the past.

Discipline and Redemption: The Dance of Penitence in Dante’s Purgatorio

In the context of Christian penitence, medieval preachers, confessors, and philosophers aligned dancing with lust, pride, and sacrilege. These negative attitudes toward dance colored medieval depictions of Purgatory and damnation. However, Dante’s Purgatorio offers a very different representation of purgatorial bodies. This article shows how dance in the Purgatorio is not associated with punishment, but rather moral discipline, self-transformation, and spiritual redemption. In conclusion, I address some of the deeper implications that Dantesque dancing may have on critical theory and performance today.

Marital Conflicts and the Reformation in Geneva, 1542–1555

ABSTRACTThis paper is based on research of the published records of Genevan Consistory cases from 1542 to 1555, a time of religious and social upheaval. The Consistory was a church and moral discipline body. This article highlights select marital conflict cases, demonstrating that many people used the Consistory as a forum in which to express their demands and complaints about their partners. In some instances, parties were successful in getting the Consistory to grant them divorces. Thus some Genevans fell short of the ideals of harmonious and permanent matrimony that their reformers proclaimed. The majority were told to remain in their problematic marital unions. This study sheds light on Reformation marriage theology and law, the successes and failures of the Genevan Consistory, the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the population, and gender relations in early-modern Europe.

The Challenges and Prospects of Teaching and Learning Dramatic Arts in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

Dramatic education is an all-inclusive academic discipline which uses as tools branches of learning that bear upon the dramatic impulse. It utilizes eclectically each and every single discipline into one unified body of knowledge, so that it can help man to comprehend the nature of experience. Educational drama or Dramatic education is as old as education itself. In the course of history, both have been periodically reviewed, refined and ultimately codified into a set of principles for use in formal learning environments. However, education is yet to tap the full resources that drama is capable of providing because of some lapses inherent in the teaching and learning Dramatic Arts. Hence, this research investigates the challenges and prospects of teaching and learning of Dramatic Arts in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. It identifies such problems as apathy, lack of basic instructional and infrastructural facilities, inadequate funding by the government and non-inclusion of drama in the curricula of primary and post-primary schools, as the major challenges impeding the effective teaching and learning of the course. It was discovered however, that graduates of the course have a very bright prospect in the labour market after leaving school, aside the fact that dramatic education can help inculcate moral discipline and confidence in the entire society. The paper therefore concludes by recommending that government and all stake-holders in the educational sector should improve upon the funding of Dramatic Arts in our tertiary institutions so as to provide the necessary instructional and infrastructural facilities needed for the effective teaching and learning of the course. Primary and post-primary schools’ curricula should also be reviewed and expanded to include the teaching of drama, if the dream of the much-sought golden educational future must be realized. Key words : Dramatic Arts, Learning, Teaching, Theatre and Tertiary, Institution

James VII's Multiconfessional Experiment and the Scottish Revolution of 1688-1690

Recently, historians have contended that the Scottish revolution of 1688–90 was at least as radical as the simultaneous revolution in England. This article makes a complementary claim: that James VII and II's policy of tolerating almost all Christian worship, which was introduced first in Scotland, had a greater impact in the northern kingdom than has previously been recognized. Using hitherto unexamined local church court papers, the article argues that James's indulgences of 1687 initiated a ‘multiconfessional experiment’, a period of largely unfettered competition between religious groups that lasted until the overthrow of the king in the revolution. Not only Scotland's small Catholic and Quaker communities, but also a large body of presbyterian dissenters, benefited from this multiconfessionalism. The revival of presbyterianism ultimately allowed for the re-establishment of presbyterian government in 1690. Though there was peaceful coexistence between rival religious groups in 1687–8, the outbreak of religious violence at the revolution suggests that most Scots remained intolerant of cultural difference. The wider importance of James's experiment was to reveal how difficult it was for an established Church accustomed to uniformity to perform vital social functions – including poor relief and moral discipline – in conditions of religious pluralism.

On the naturalization of karma and rebirth

Although Buddhism has become increasingly popular in the West, some vital concepts remain abstruse. Naturalistic Buddhism has arisen mainly as an attempt to demystify certain aspects of Buddhist philosophy, with the idea of rebirth being a particular case in point. In this paper we discuss the difficulties of the naturalization of karma, and show that an understanding of karma with rebirth is coherent with the core teachings of the Buddha. We then attempt to clarify the purpose of karma from the standpoint of Mahayana ethics. We argue that the concepts of rebirth and karma were not only taught to encourage virtuous behavior for the sake of future benefit, but also to reinforce the practitioner’s commitment to moral discipline. Although Buddhism allows for different perspectives on rebirth from a modern point of view, a reinterpretation of the concept should not focus on rebirth as something to be explained away. Instead, new perspectives can be used as an additional means to enhance moral education and spiritual development.

Islam as moral education: madrasa courses and contestation of the secular in the Republicof Tatarstan, Russia

In this paper, based on fieldwork in a small town in post-Soviet Tatarstan, Russia, I explore the dynamics of religious life in a rural community, highlighting the ways religious and secular education interact with and reinforce each other, contributing to the processes of religious revival in this community. Soviet ideas and practices of moral education as well as post-Soviet concerns about morality constitute the common ground that brings secular and religious together. Adhering to the Soviet idea that society is responsible for the moral education of its young people, local schoolteachers use Islam as a source of moral values and disciplining practices to bring up the younger generation, affected by post-Soviet transformations. Teachers increasingly rely on Islamic ethics in the moral upbringing of schoolchildren that effectively challenges the separation between secular and religious education. Religion acquires growing significance as a process of moral edification and discipline.

Public Privacy: Restrooms in American Cities, 1869-1932

The article examines an effort in the first quarter of the twentieth century to install public toilets in cities throughout the United States, especially in the prosperous industrial region of the Northeast and Midwest. The campaign illustrates the frustrated ambitions in the Progressive Era for a new relationship between public authority and the private body, a relationship in which the state would protect privacy, encourage personal care, and hence refine the inner character of the citizen. In contrast to nineteenth-century public urinals (which were few in number and intended mainly to prevent public health nuisances) twentieth-century “comfort stations” were typically large, underground structures at major public squares. They were to have replaced the privately-owned alternatives in saloons and other businesses that attracted customers by exploiting their bodily needs. Women’s groups, drawing on a long-established belief that women were the prime guardians of private wellbeing and moral discipline, were prominent in the campaign for comfort stations in Chicago, New York and other cities. Municipal governments even in the largest cities hesitated to build more than a few comfort stations because of the high cost of construction and maintenance. Comfort stations proved unsuccessful in competing with department stores, hotels and other privately owned alternatives. Women in particular opted for the consumer model of privacy, which preserved class privilege by excluding the less affluent. Almost all of the early twentieth century comfort stations have since closed, as American cities have abandoned the public role in promoting bodily privacy.