Moral Development Research Articles

Exploring medical ethics: moral reasoning among new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital.

Physicians are frequently faced with ethical dilemmas that require answers based in moral reasoning, which develops and evolves during their lives and their medical education. According to Kohlberg, there are three levels of moral reasoning development: pre-conventional (in which decisions are guided by oneself convenience), conventional (focused on obeying society's rules), and post-conventional (decisions are based in universal ethical principles). The aim of this study was to describe the level of moral reasoning among new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 2020 to 2023. The Defining Issues Test was used to assess the level of moral reasoning among 195 new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital. Most resident physicians considered the fourth stage affirmations to be the most important. The median P-index (PI) was 40, and 49% of participants were on the post-conventional level of moral reasoning. The year with the lowest number of new resident physicians on the post-conventional level was 2021. The moral reasoning level among pediatric resident physicians was higher than the average found in general population. This suggests that the education received during the medical formation may influence the individuals' moral development.

Ethical AI Development for Sustainable Enterprises: A Review of Integrating Responsible AI with IoT and Enterprise Systems

Ethical AI Development for Sustainable Enterprises: A Review of Integrating Responsible AI with IoT and Enterprise Systems

The AI and Big Data Equitable Transformation Theory (ABETT): A Pathway to Inclusive Development and Technological Empowerment

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technology has created new potential for economic growth, social development, and creativity. However, their incorporation into local economies presents issues regarding ethical governance, skill development, access to infrastructure, and equitable benefit sharing. This paper presents the AI and Big Data Equitable Transformation Theory (ABETT), a comprehensive framework for guiding the responsible and inclusive use of AI and big data in various scenarios. The ABETT model has six basic constructs: policy and ethical governance, skills development and education, scalable and equitable infrastructure access, collaborative innovation and knowledge exchange, sustainable AI and data for development, and economic growth and competitiveness. The ABETT framework was created, validated, and enhanced using a qualitative research design that included a systematic literature assessment, expert interviews, and case study analysis. The results support the model's relevance and applicability, illustrating how its elements work together to generate ethical and sustainable technological innovation. Comparisons with previous theories show that ABETT adds value by proposing a comprehensive and customizable pathway for AI and big data adoption that emphasizes collaboration, equity, and sustainability. The paper discusses the model's policy and practical implications, limitations, and future research recommendations. ABETT provides a practical roadmap for stakeholders who want to use AI and big data to promote inclusive growth, sustainable development, and equitable technical advancement.

Parent-Child Communication Dynamics in Muhammadiyah Pagesangan Orphanage

Background: Effective communication is essential for nurturing children's moral development, particularly in orphanages. Specific Background: This qualitative study investigates communication dynamics between four caregivers and 19 children at the Muhammadiyah Pagesangan Orphanage in Surabaya. Knowledge Gap: Limited research exists on communication methods used in orphanages, especially for children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Aims: The study aims to analyze communication patterns in moral guidance within the orphanage. Results: Findings indicate that children employ both primary and secondary communication methods to connect with distant parents, facing challenges such as limited phone access and socio-economic barriers. Novelty: This research highlights unique communication challenges in orphanages and proposes that effective communication fosters a nurturing environment. Implications: By promoting a loving communication atmosphere, caregivers can enhance children's emotional well-being and moral development, suggesting that communication is crucial for effective caregiving practices in orphanage settings. Highlights : Communication Patterns: Emphasizes the need for understanding how caregivers interact with children. Challenges: Identifies barriers faced by children in maintaining contact with parents. Nurturing Environment: Highlights the role of effective communication in promoting emotional well-being. Keywords: communication, orphanage, moral development, caregivers, qualitative research

Different perspectives on the reception and appropriation of Piagetian ideas in the Brazilian context

The recently released book The transnational legacy of Jean Piaget: a view from the 21st century, published by Springer Nature, aims to internationally disseminate the studies carried out by the Helena Antipoff Documentation and Research Center (CDPHA) at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Organized and edited by Regina Helena de Freitas Campos and Erika Lourenço (UFMG), in partnership with Marc J. Ratcliff (Université de Genève), the book has 19 chapters that explore various aspects of Piaget's influence. Among the topics covered, the following stand out: the clinical method for monitoring and intervening in the demands of children and adolescents; the historical-critical method for analyzing the interaction between internal and external factors in the History of Science; the right to education as a basis for intellectual and moral development; the promotion of peace; and multiculturalism as a tool for facilitating communication between different perspectives.

The Impact of Developing Moral Education on the Morality of Primary School Students in China

This study investigates the impact of moral education on the development of students' morality in these institutions. It highlights the unique political and cultural characteristics of Chinese moral education, emphasizing its role in fostering values of communism and socialism with Chinese characteristics. The research examines the effective mechanisms implemented by the government and educational departments, the crucial role of moral education teachers, and the importance of textbooks in guiding students' moral development. The study finds that despite some challenges, moral education positively influences the moral growth of primary school students in China. Recommendations for policymakers, educators, and teachers are provided to enhance the effectiveness of moral education, ensuring it meets both practical and individual needs.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's social, emotional, and moral development: A systematic literature revie

This research aims to better understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected children's social, emotional, and moral development. Articles and related studies were gathered from the Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Scopus, and Science Direct databases. After a quality review following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, 16 articles were selected for a systematic literature review (SLR). The findings from this review were organized into four main themes: (1) the impact of technology and distance learning on children, (2) children's behavior and emotions, (3) the conditions of people around them, and (4) social support. It is suggested that future studies focus on the positive effects of COVID-19 on education.

Religious Character Formation Through Islamic Habituation in Primary Education

The general background character education plays a crucial role in shaping moral and ethical behavior in students, particularly within primary education settings. In Islamic educational institutions, there is a notable emphasis on integrating religious values into character development, with a focus on habituation practices to reinforce these values among students. However, there is limited empirical research that specifically examines the effectiveness of Islamic habituation as a method for strengthening religious character in primary education. This study aims to explore the implementation and impact of Islamic habituation on religious character formation among students at Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo Elementary School. Findings reveal that the systematic application of Islamic habituation, including practices such as daily prayers, gratitude, and the 5S culture, significantly enhances students' moral behavior and engagement in religious activities. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing evidence of the positive outcomes of religious habituation in an educational context, emphasizing its role in character education. The results suggest that integrating Islamic habituation into primary education not only fosters individual moral development but also promotes a supportive community environment conducive to religious learning, thereby reinforcing the importance of character education within the broader educational framework. Highlights: Systematic Islamic habituation practices enhance students' moral behavior. Integration of religious values fosters a supportive community environment. Empirical evidence contributes to the understanding of character education in Islamic contexts. Keywords: Islamic Education, Character Formation, Habituation, Primary Education, Moral Development

Integrating Islamic Values and Sports for Children's Moral Development

The general background shows the need for an educational approach that integrates Islamic values and sports activities to shape children's morals holistically. The specific background underscores the importance of this research at TPQ Al-Mu’minun, which teaches the Qur’an and integrates sports into its curriculum. The existing knowledge gap is the lack of in-depth understanding of the impact of integrating Islamic values in sports on children's behavior. The aim of this research is to analyze how this integration affects the morals of children at TPQ Al-Mu’minun. The results show that sports activities such as archery and martial arts enhance children's discipline, responsibility, and ability to manage emotions. The novelty of this research lies in the holistic approach that combines physical and moral aspects in children's education. The implications of these findings indicate that character education that integrates Islamic values and sports can provide significant benefits in shaping positive morals in children, which in turn strengthens their self-confidence, respectful attitudes, and obedience in daily life. Highlights: The integration of Islamic values in sports contributes to the positive development of children's morals. Activities such as archery and martial arts enhance discipline, responsibility, and the ability to manage emotions. The post-activity reflection process deepens children's understanding of Islamic values in their daily lives. Keywords: Integration Islamic Values, Sports, Children's Morals, Character Education, Reflection

MODERN METHODS OF TREATMENT IN DENTISTRY

The choice of treatment method has always been and remains a priority decision of the doctor, however, the development of biomedical ethics, the content of the law "On Health Care" secures the patient's right to participate in the discussion of the results of the examination of his health and possible methods of treating the disease. At the same time, the individual must receive comprehensive information from the doctor on all issues, andmedical workers are obliged to act in accordance with the provisions of ethics and deontology.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS' PERSONALITY IN MUSIC LESSONS

Musical education has a significant impact on the moral and aesthetic development of the child's personality. Educating moral feelings, we are laying the groundwork for the formation of hisher moral consciousness, the regulation of ethical behavior in the future. Therapeutic effect of music is considered, music and musical activity are regarded as means of emotional adjustment.

FORMATION OF CHILDREN'S INTEREST IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

The role of musical instruments is important in the moral and aesthetic development of children. Through the history of the creation of musical instruments, the main goal is to regulate children's moral behavior in the future. Ways to interest students in national musical instruments are shown.

Shaping Ethical Digital Citizens through Islamic Education

General Background: Education in Indonesia faces complex challenges related to concepts, regulations, and implementation across various educational systems. A critical issue is the development of student character, particularly in the digital era where graduates struggle to remain competitive globally. Specific Background: Islamic education plays a vital role in shaping students' characters, imparting religious values, ethics, and morality. In the digital era, this education extends beyond traditional religious teaching to address ethical and moral use of technology. Knowledge Gap: Despite significant research on Islamic education, little attention has been given to its role in teaching digital ethics and responsible technology use in the context of student character development. Aims: This study aims to investigate how Islamic education can shape students' character in the digital era by promoting moral values, digital ethics, and spiritual awareness. Results: The research shows that Islamic education has a positive impact on the moral and ethical development of students. It integrates religious teachings with digital ethics, fostering responsible behavior and spiritual growth in the use of technology. Novelty: This study highlights the novel role of Islamic education in bridging religious values and digital ethics, providing a holistic approach to student character development in a digitalized world. Implications: The findings suggest a need for curriculum development focused on integrating digital ethics and Islamic values, teacher training in ethical technology use, and collaboration with parents to support character formation in students. This research offers crucial insights for educational institutions aiming to adapt to the challenges of the digital era. Highlights: Islamic education blends moral values and digital ethics for character growth. Teachers need training to teach responsible technology use effectively. Parent collaboration boosts student character in the digital age. Keywords: Islamic education, character development, digital ethics, student behavior, moral values

Reinforcing inequalities: A critical examination of international sanctions and bureaucratic decline in the Global South

This study critically examines the impact of international sanctions on bureaucratic quality in 74 developing countries from 1990 to 2020, highlighting how global governance mechanisms influence domestic institutional capacities. By focusing on the interaction between sanctions and economic crises, the research provides fresh empirical evidence on how external political pressures can inadvertently hinder development trajectories in the Global South. Utilizing a fixed-effect regression methodology with robust controls and addressing endogeneity concerns, the findings reveal that international sanctions—especially multilateral ones from the EU and UN—significantly deteriorate bureaucratic quality, particularly during economic crises. This deterioration undermines state capacity, exacerbates inequalities, and challenges the effectiveness and fairness of sanctions as tools of global governance. The study contributes to debates on global development by demonstrating how sanctions can reinforce global power asymmetries and produce divergent development outcomes. It urges a re-evaluation of sanctions within international policy, advocating for more equitable and context-sensitive approaches that prioritize the institutional integrity and development needs of vulnerable nations. The research underscores the importance of aligning global governance mechanisms with ethical principles and development goals, promoting dialogue and collaboration over punitive measures to achieve a more inclusive and sustainable global development paradigm.

Emotional Intelligence, Moral Development and Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescent Living With and Without Paternal Presence

Emotional Intelligence, Moral Development and Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescent Living With and Without Paternal Presence

Implementation Strategies of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Achieving Character Education Competencies in Islamic Religious Education at School

The Independent Learning Curriculum is a new education system designed to provide freedom for students to develop their unique potential, both academically and personally. Unlike traditional curricula, which often limit the scope of learning to a predetermined structure, the Independent Learning Curriculum allows flexibility in teaching methods and learning outcomes. This study aims to describe the Implementation Strategy of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Achieving Character Education Competencies in Islamic Religious Education at School. This research uses a qualitative approach, specifically the literature study method. Various sources, including academic journals, books, and other scholarly works related to character education and the Independent Learning Curriculum, were reviewed to develop insights into strategies for achieving Islamic character education. The results of this study highlight the importance of integrating character education into all aspects of the curriculum. Effective strategies include incorporating moral and ethical lessons into all subjects, embedding character-building activities in intracurricular and extracurricular programs, and ensuring that teachers are role models through their behavior. In addition, the findings suggest that character education should be part of a long-term and continuous process that involves training and habituation, thus encouraging students to internalize noble values over time. The implications of this study are very important for schools that want to implement character education in the Independent Learning Curriculum. Schools should prioritize the development of a comprehensive character education strategy, which includes careful planning in the syllabus, lesson plans and in-school activities. In addition, educators should balance students' academic and moral development.

Peran Administrasi Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Operasional dan Kualitas Pendidikan Islam

School administration plays a very important role in carrying out the basic functions of Islamic educational institutions. . The purpose of this study is to identify the role of school administration in improving the operational effectiveness and quality of Islamic education. This study uses a library research method, which aims to collect, analyze, and compile information from various literature sources in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the topic being studied. The data analysis technique used is descriptive-qualitative. The results of the study show that the role of school administration is very important in improving the operational effectiveness and quality of Islamic education. Good administration is not only about technical management, but also about creating an environment that supports the development of students' morals and spirituality. With effective administration, schools are expected to be able to provide Islamic education that is not only academically qualified, but can also shape students' characters in accordance with Islamic values. It is hoped that this study can be a reference for policy makers and practitioners of Islamic education in formulating better management strategies, so that they can improve the quality of Islamic education as a whole.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ЗАКЛАДУ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article presents the results of the research conducted by the working group of the Institute for Digitalisation of Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine on the conceptual statements of the digitalisation of the educational environment of the general secondary education institution, which can be used as a basis for the development of the corresponding Concept. The key principles of digitalisation of the school educational environment are highlighted (access to the Internet for all, personalised learning, use of innovative technologies, development of 21st-century skills, digital safety and ethics, continuous professional development of teaching staff, cooperation with stakeholders, systemic scientific and innovative support, adaptability and flexibility, shared management and participation). The strategic priorities of the conceptual foundations of the digitalisation of the school educational environment are outlined (digital educational infrastructure, digital competencies of pedagogical workers, new digital and educational technologies, cooperation and digital communication with parents and the community, cybersecurity of the educational institution). The conceptual and terminological apparatus has been clarified. The study analyses and describes the risks associated with the digitalisation of the school educational environment. Given the lengthy process involved in reviewing, discussing, and subsequently approving the project for the Concept of Digitalisation of the Educational Environment of the general secondary education institution as a regulatory document, the results of this study are now presented for the consideration of the educational and scientific community. These results can be used as scientifically based recommendations to guide the creation of other legislative acts related to the digitalisation of education. Additionally, the results can be considered during the development of the digitalisation policy of the Ministry of Education and Science. Studying international best practices for digitalising general secondary education can enhance the proposed conceptual framework. The findings can then be implemented to update professional development programs for educators.

The Role of Teachers as Philosophers in Madrasah Education: Qualitative Analysis of Teaching Practices at MAS Babul Khairat

This research analyzes the role of teachers as philosophers at MAS Babul Khairat, the teaching practices implemented, and the challenges faced. The findings show that teachers at this madrasah not only function as academic teachers but also as moral and intellectual mentors who integrate Islamic values ​​in teaching. They use a variety of innovative methods, such as discussions, group projects, and problem-based approaches, to encourage students' critical and reflective thinking. In addition, teachers act as role models in everyday behavior, which helps students understand and apply ethical values ​​in their lives. However, the research also identified a number of challenges faced by teachers, including limited resources, high workloads, lack of ongoing professional training, and pressure to meet high academic standards. These challenges highlight the need for greater support from schools and government, including restructuring teacher duties, increasing educational resources, and ongoing professional training. With adequate support, teachers at MAS Babul Khairat can continue to develop effective and innovative teaching practices, and better play their role as philosophers. This research confirms that with strong commitment and the right support, teachers can create a learning environment that is conducive to students' intellectual, moral and spiritual development.

Transcendent Moral Motivation and Virtue Development: A Meditation-Based Experiment Exploring Self-Transcending and Self-Enhancing Motives

Transcendent Moral Motivation and Virtue Development: A Meditation-Based Experiment Exploring Self-Transcending and Self-Enhancing Motives