Moral Crisis Research Articles

Pacifist utopias: humanitarianism, tragedy and complicity in the Second World War

Pacifist utopias: humanitarianism, tragedy and complicity in the Second World War

Does Sociology Need Open Science?

Reliability, transparency, and ethical crises pushed many social science disciplines toward dramatic changes, in particular psychology and more recently political science. This paper discusses why sociology should also change. It reviews sociology as a discipline through the lens of current practices, definitions of sociology, positions of sociological associations, and a brief consideration of the arguments of three highly influential yet epistemologically diverse sociologists: Weber, Merton, and Habermas. It is a general overview for students and sociologists to quickly familiarize themselves with the state of sociology or explore the idea of open science and its relevance to their discipline.

Toward a Juris-cultural Studies of Human Rights

This special issue grew out of an advanced seminar on Cultural Studies that I guest-taught at the National University of Singapore in 2018, where there has been a long-time engagement with interdisciplinary teaching and learning in the field of Cultural Studies through NUS’s Asian Research Institute (and more recently through the university’s Department of Communication and New Media). The essays collected here represent a collection of sincere efforts to reframe political and ethical crises through a unified framework that can be called juris-cultural studies of law and rights. By “juris-cultural,” I refer to a genre of critical cultural analysis that investigates the mutually constitutive nature of law and culture, through dissecting “law as culture” in which cultural signifying practices are traceable to the presence or absence of legal norms, as well as through “culture as law” in which the contested meanings of cultural communities, their practices and politics, can shape or even dictate social norms and regulations. It is both a political language and a method that avoids separating law and culture but confronts their uneasy entanglements. The essays are united by a common critical method of combining critical legal theory with a cultural critique of law. Each essay centers on a particular court case, and performs critical reading of the legal logics and reasoning alongside a broader attention to social and cultural ideologies and power relations that overdetermine the outcome of the court judgment. The insights produced by such a method will hopefully present to readers an innovative approach adequate to the task of bringing the problems of rights, legal subjectivities, and critical justice squarely to the doorsteps of Cultural Studies.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI REMAJA MASJID SYUHADA DALAM MELAKUKAN PEMBINAAN AKHLAK REMAJA DI DUSUN MENSEMAT DESA MEKAR JAYA TAHUN 2020

Islamic preaching is an activity of communicating the teachings of Allah Almighty which are contained in the Al-Quran and Sunnah, so that people can take it as their way of life. Given the many problems that occur among adolescents, ranging from moral and moral crises. To overcome this problem, of course there is a training that is carried out. In the process of coaching adolescents, special abilities are needed. One of them is the communication strategy carried out in the youth coaching process. The purpose of this study in general is to find out the communication strategies of the Syuhada mosque youth in conducting adolescent morals development in the Mensemat Hamlet, Mekar Jaya Village. Whereas specifically, knowing the communication planning and communication management carried out by the teenagers of the Syuhada mosque in developing youth morals in the Dusun Mensemat, Mekar Jaya Village, and knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors for the success of the Syuhada mosque youth communication strategy in developing youth morals in the Mensemat Village Mekar Jaya Village. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. In this study, the data consisted of primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used was data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusion drawing. After being analyzed, the validity of the data is tested by mamber check, and triangulation. The conclusions of the results of the research ari: Communication planning carried out by teenagers of the Syuhada mosque in adolescent moral development in Menemat Village, Mekar Jaya Village is in the form of determining activities in adolescent morality development, determining messages to provide guidance, and selecting media in the process of building morals for adolescents, Communication management that is carried out is planning and evaluating the communication strategy undertaken. Supporting factors and obstacles to the success of the Syuhada Mosque youth communication strategy are in the form of external and internal Tractors including adequate facilities and infrastructure, inadequate use of time, adolescents who are difficult to provide guidance, poor signal quality in conveying messages, and parents.

The Energy of Finance in Refining of Medical Surge Capacity

The availability of resources and their concentration in the place of greatest need, will not allow us to successfully overcome a medical surge without the energy required to activate these resources and activities, and increase their quantities if necessary, that is why the staff and management of healthcare institutions are forced to making ethical crisis decisions about who wins and who loses. This study highlights the versatility of the concept of ‘energy’ by attributing it to money or financial resources, which are highly essential in dealing with surges as the healthcare system adopts the appropriate capacity level. This study considers the means (space, staff, supplies, and specific resources) at the disposal of healthcare institutions for the control of diseases as economic resources to identify ways for enhancing their capacity, especially during periods of medical surges such as that caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The medical resources are dependent on ‘energy’, albeit not in the strictest sense of the term. The article, thus, points out that while limited resources are the norm in economic theory, a medical surge provides an opportunity to sufficiently extend the resources within the health system capacity through increased funding.

The style of Serbian media (2010–2020) — the language of the crisis

The societal crisis’ influence on the crisis of the language in contemporary Serbian journalism is prevailing. Words have been increasingly framed into inappropriate content. Homonyms are gradually becoming the only way to debate and give second opinions. Globalizing vocabulary with fashionable phraseology, manipulative rhetoric and the artificial realignment of language serve as the basis of rhetorical and stylistic research presented in this work. Casual populist political speeches and sensationalistic topics in Serbia are in the centre of events, even though they are easily forgotten. An apparent lack of creativity in language results in the glorification of a globalizing rhetorical model. This leads to a sort of recycling of language patterns and a pathetic usage of metaphors in everyday life, hence the apparent emergence of a new kind of sensationalism. Different linguistic matrices obsessively repeat themselves in the same rhetorical frame. Therefore, the language of journalists is increasingly reduced to the form and the form is reduced to the void. In this article, the analysis of the contemporary use of stylistic knowledge by media professionals will be conducted within a sample of one year of broadcasts during 2019–2020, prior to the pandemic. The authors explain the methodology of the research by describing the theoretical approach and the methods used to substantiate the hypothesis. The research aims to show the gradual change of media language during the current professional, economic and moral crises. A vast majority of media have a common inherited loss of truly free expression. Instead of free relations, a plethora of excessive self-censorship and hidden advocacies and connections is being extended. This appears to be a certain eternity or bad infinity of the shadows in the media.

Wound as Allegory: Forced Incestuous Rape on the Battlefield and Takeda Taijun's Androcentric Sekai / アレゴリーとしての傷：戦場における近親レイプと武田泰淳の男性中心 的「世界」

This article takes up the underdiscussed issue of forced incestuous rape, an act of violence and spectacle of sadism that is frequently seen in warfare. It offers an in-depth analysis of the postwar Japanese writer Takeda Taijun's 1956 short story "F**k Your Mother!" (Nanji no haha o!) by looking into the power dynamics in a rape forced between a Chinese woman and her son by Japanese imperial soldiers that the narrator of the story witnessed years before. After scrutinizing the evocative gender division in the moral crisis that the writer imagines the two victims facing during the rape, this article points out how Takeda ends up reinforcing a patriarchal structure that promises redemption for the humiliated man but sees the woman's mutilated body as nothing but waste excreted by the organic sekai (world). In such a world, since the man's ruination only means a transfer of energy from one man to another, destruction is idealized and shifted away from the ruins that communicate the possibilities of history. The article calls for a revisiting of women's unnamable wounds for a response to the decay of an existing paradigm such as Takeda's sekai.

Религия за справедливость: анализ конфликтов человечества через «Воскресение» Льва Толстого

In Resurrection, Leo Tolstoy philosophically dis¬cusses the two fundamental ideas: injustice and religion. On the basis of 19th century Russia, he critically examines various conflicts of humanity which are vital for all; he pays special attention to women’s place in society, sexual abuse, purity, physical and spiritual love. Moreover, he harshly criticizes poverty, class differences, inequality between the rich and the poor, slavery of peasants, cruelty of landlords, unemployment, overcrowded cities and neglected countryside. However, he feels even more uncomfortable with the corruption and hypocrisy in bureaucracy and government institutions, uselessness of modern law and judicial system, unacceptable conditions of prisons and criminals. But most notably, he is deeply concerned with disbelief, loss of soul, impracticable rituals of the Orthodox Church, blindness of consciences and many other philosophical dilemmas which create a greater spiritual conflict for every individual in the world. Therefore, as the only possible solution to this existential crisis of mankind and these ongoing social problems, Tolstoy simply advices us to love, moreover, to reach our self-perfection, both as individuals and nations, through religion, spirituality and moral education, by following God’s law, rather than man’s. In this regard, this article brings a new understanding to some of the problems mentioned above, which still continue in our modern world today, with an interdisciplinary, sociocultural and philosophical analysis, and with references to Tolstoy’s ideas and various scientific databases. Thus, the aim of this work is to give a different point of view to the innocent minds of next generations for their natural struggle through¬¬out life. Tolstoy’s spiritual quest is especially important nowadays, when humanity is experiencing another religious and moral crisis.

The end of an era: from self-regulation to hard law for the digital industry

The commercialisation of the Web brought into everyday life ethical problems already present in specialised contexts. It was in that period that self-regulation started to appear as a strategy for dealing with the ethical crisis. In theory, the digital industry could formulate its own ethical codes and standards as well as request and monitor adherence to them, without the need for external controls or impositions. It was realistic and reasonable to believe that self-regulation could help foster an ethically constructive and fruitful dialogue between the digital industry and society. However, it is time to acknowledge that self-regulation did not work, and that now voluntary alignment with ethical principles needs to be replaced by legal compliance with the law, especially in the European Union, where legislation is catching (and sometimes has already caught) up with the digital industry.

Ethical Problems and Countermeasures of Artificial Intelligence Technology

The in-depth development of artificial intelligence has brought great benefits and convenience to humankind. However, it also brings about ethical crises such as human rights, responsibility, generation, information, prejudice, which are worthy of our attention. Therefore, we should deepen the scientific and technological ethics under the guidance of Marxism, construct artificial intelligence ethical standards, strengthen the supervision of artificial intelligence, enhance the public ethical concepts, so that artificial intelligence can really cope with the risks and challenges under the guidance of scientific and technological ethics, and grasp the development opportunities of The Times.

The Case for a Technology Solution to the Ethics Crisis in Academic Publishing

This article integrates existing theory from distributed computing and cryptology with gray literature from industry to provide a comprehensive description of the minimum requirements of a technological solution to the current ethics crisis in academic publishing. The paper argues that such a solution could significantly reduce the biases and misconduct that now exist in the academic peer review process. Theory suggests such a system could operate effectively as a distributed encrypted telecommunications network where nodes are anonymous, do not trust each other, with minimal central authority. To incentivize the academic community to join such a community, the paper proposes a new pseudo-cryptocurrency called litcoin (literature coin). This litcoin-based system would create economic scarcity based on proof of knowledge (POK), which is a synthesis of the proof of work (POW) mechanism used in bitcoin, and the proof of stake (POS) mechanism used in various altcoin communities.

POST-WAR STATUS QUO IN ARTSAKH: THE IMPERATIVE OF FORMING A NEW STRATEGIC CULTURE OF ARMENIANS

On September 27, 2020, Azerbaijan unleashed a large-scale military aggression against the Republic of Artsakh. As a result of the new STATUS QUO installed in the conflict zone, the security systems of the two Armenian states have been seriously disrupted. The Armenian society is in a deep moral and psychological crisis, which may turn into a threat to the ontological self-destruction of the nation. After the signing of a trilateral ceasefire agreement on November 9, Azerbaijan did not end its militant policy. The purpose of this article is to find out what conceptual and paradigmatic changes are necessary to overcome such existential challenges and problems facing the Armenian society. To achieve this goal, the article raises a number of scientific and practical issues. In particular, the subject of rеsearch are the concept of "strategic culture", the features of strategic thinking, the elements of the formation of a new strategic culture of the Armenians. The research method is historical comparative analysis. As the main conclusion, the article substantiates the need for the formation of a new strategic culture of the Armenians, and also puts forward a number of elements of strategic culture that can serve as the basis for a new paradigmatic perception to overcome the existential challenges facing the Armenian society.

Goldilocks Government

Those committed to addressing the political and moral crises of the day—voting rights, racial justice, climate change, economic inequality, and the lingering effects of the Covid pandemic—don’t know where to turn. Federal legislative and regulatory pathways are choked off by senators quick to filibuster and by judges eager to strike down agency rules and orders. State pathways, in turn, are compromised by limited capacity, collective action problems, externalities, and scant economies of scale.This Article prescribes a third pathway: interstate agreements and compacts. Such arrangements—largely unnecessary when Washington is not pathologically dysfunctional—have a long and venerable constitutional pedigree and provide a legally sound and politically expedient “just-right” solution. Grouping clusters of states along the Pacific Coast Highway, the Amtrak Corridor, and the Rust Belt, we proffer four major compacts as cornerstones of a Blue New Deal. Beyond detailing these four strategic interventions, this Article makes the affirmative, normative case for interstate agreements and compacts playing a regular and prominent role in twenty-first century American governance—a case that sounds in democratic theory, administrative law, and political economy.

Study on Big Order Selling in the Framework of Strategic Marketing Analysis

This paper aimed at researching big order selling. In the past, there were very few researches based on this in China. Therefore, in this paper, relevant literatures will be reviewed again, and theories such as “strategic marketing analysis” and “4Ps”, which were widely used in studying transaction costs and marketing tactics, will be employed to study the big order selling. In addition, research approaches of literature survey, case study, induction and comparative analysis have also been used. Generally speaking, big order selling is quite different from other orders; this paper explores how to successfully complete it. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics, essences, and prerequisites of big order selling. Then, it introduces the theory of strategic marketing analysis. This paper’s author points out that it is critical to build up a sort of adapting organizational structure, which further carries out the principle of relationship marketing and fleshly explains 4P tactics with the four kinds of costs derived from the theory of strategic marketing analysis. This paper also offers some concrete suggestions such as paying more attention to the process, emphasizing demand surveys, attaching importance to two types of costs: information searching cost and moral crises cost, using epilogue skills with caution, and so on. The findings of this study include following standpoints. First, the purpose of big order selling is to offer a systematic solution to thorny problems facing customers. Second, big order sales are typically complex purchases. Customers have high requirements for a company’s prestige. Third, the ultimate total cost borne by customers play s a key role in big order sales. In short, this paper aims to provide some theoretical guidance and reference for those who specialize in big order selling.

АВСТРИЙСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА КАК ФИЛОСОФИЯ: Г. БРОХ О КРИЗИСЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ОБЩЕСТВЕ ПОСЛЕ РАСПАДА ИМПЕРИИ

The article focuses on the philosophical aspect of the third part of the novel The Sleepwalkers (Die Schlaf-wandler, 1930–1932) by Austrian writer Hermann Broch (1886–1951). Broch’s views were shaped by Aus-trian literary impressionism; in his youth, Broch was also much influenced by Otto Weininger, admired Karl Kraus and Sigmund Freud. In Broch’s later works, researchers discover the legacies of Plato and Leibniz and claim that these philosophical schools were typical reference points for the Austrian thought. Analysis of literary works can help gain a better understanding of Austrian philosophy of the inter-war period. Not only do Broch’s novels mirror the versatile spiritual life of that period but they also show the development of a whole range of philosophical ideas and concepts. The style and language of The Sleepwalkers reflect the experimentation with new modes of expression in art as well as the author’s own attempts to create a new language and way of philosophizing in contrast to positivism. In the third part of the novel, Broch shows how difficult is the existence of a person who has lost their faith and the ability to comprehend com-plex metaphysical matters. The article outlines Broch’s vision of the new tasks that literature is facing in the conditions of the moral crisis he describes. Broch was mostly interested in axiological issues, around which he builds his novel. He also includes in his text extended philosophical interludes about the role of religion in the development of value orientations of his contemporaries. A special emphasis in the article is made on the concept of Sachlichkeit — practicality, which is also discussed by Karl Jaspers in his book The Spiritual Condition of the Age (Die geistige Situation der Zeit, 1932).

‘The future of regulation is culture’: opportunities to change unethical behaviour in business and public administration in Brazil

Isolated application of the deterrence theory isn’t enough to solve most of the problems regarding unethical behavior in business and enterprises, as demonstrated by some works cited in the text. If that were the case, Brazil, a country marked by the vigorous application of such theory, as shown by the traditional application of Brazilian legislation, would not suffer from recurring problems of corruption, such as those denounced by the “car wash” operation, “Petrolão”, etc. Differently from this traditional approach, recent studies presented in the body of this article, based in the behavioral science, show that deterrence is frequently ineffective in affecting future behavior, which conducts enterprises to a “compliance trap”: a false belief that the merely institution of compliance policies would reverse the current ethical crises. The thesis of the article is that such change requires the adoption of an ethical culture, which concerns a switch in regulatory approach, able to modify the nature of lawenforcement, but also the engagement of enterprises, it´s directors and collaboratives with this culture. The article also confronts evidence based on behavioral science and recommended by international bodies (such as the OECD) with recent legislative changes in Brazil (in particular the new LINDB and the Economic Freedom Act) that expand the strength of consensus between Public Administration and individuals.

DEVELOPMENT OF CITIZENSHIP LEARNING BASED ON MORAL INTELLIGENCE AS A SYSTEM PROGRAM FOR CULTURING MAIN CHARACTER VALUES

This research was motivated by the factual condition of the occurrence of a moral crisis among Indonesia's young generation, including the weak culture of the main character values. This development research was aimed to develop moral intelligence-based Citizenship Education learning as a systemic program for the culture of the main character values. The scope of this research was limited to the study of civics learning based on moral intelligence as a systemic program of cultivating character values among students. The research method was used by the Research & Development. The research subjects involved: (1) a lecturer who taught introduction courses of civics; (2) students is limited group trials as subject; and (3) three experts for the validation of teaching materials who had criteria for Citizenship Education experts including: politics, law, and moral philosophy. The instrument was used an expert validation questionnaire which was analyzed using the Percentage Mean Score (PRS). The results of the research showed that civics learning textbook based on intelligent moral that developed was very valid and suitable for being used and giving contribution on the strengthen of character for students in their scope life in global era that full of change and value paradoxes.

The Ethical Dilemma of 21st Century Organizational Leadership: A Four-Chapter Critical Review of the book “Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership: Casting Light or Shadow”

The 21st century leader of any organization is faced with a number of ethical dilemmas that may have an overall impact on the performance of the organization regardless of its context. Globalization and its effects count for ethical wellbeing of both leaders and the led as a result of the advent of technology. The contexts in which ethical issues occur assume that the subject has become more imperative to leaders and would be leaders to understand. The ethical issue is even more complicated with the fact that organizations have individuals and groups that may have varying beliefs and values, each carrying their own view about what they need from the organization. Creating an ethical inclusive organizational climate, therefore, becomes imperious in this age and time. The general role of ethics in any leadership setting must be seen to be a very important ingredient for any organizations as leadership without ethics and integrity, combined with personal and corporate accountability can be harmful both for the organization and its affiliates in society. This paper, therefore, reviewed and evaluated how leaders in this modern era and time can shape ethical contexts. It discusses how to build an ethical small group, the notion of ethical organizational climate and how leaders can meet the challenges leaders find in their ethical dilemmas in this global society. It also highlights what studies say about ethical crisis leadership and also argues on the need for the realization of the ‘common good’ by leaders as an important element of ethical leadership.

Kehilangan Identitas di Tengah Krisis Moralitas Masyarakat Indonesia

The development of an increase in ethnic diversity in an area began since Indonesia's independence through a massive transmigration program even to all islands outside Java. The method used is descriptive method, as an activity that involves data in the framework of research or answering questions related to the current situation of the subject of a study. (1), General Review of Life without Identity (2) General Review of Morality Crisis (3) Overview of Higher Education, society has not been able to identify as wealth in diversity, in the results of interviews and observations in the Review, most adolescents are vulnerable to promiscuity, this condition is also influenced by early moral education to build moral sensitivity of the nation's children. The values ​​of life as norms in society are always a matter of problems between good and bad, so there is something to do with morals, so that education with intellectuality must be in line with the moral care of the nation's children, in this way identity will become wealth in diversity.

Protección a la propiedad intelectual del autor en Perú en tiempos de crisis moral

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer el nivel de infracción a los derechos del autor luego de un procedimiento administrativo en el Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (2012-2016). A la vez, a través de un trabajo de campo, se aplicó un cuestionario a los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas, a fin de identificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la protección a la propiedad intelectual del autor y la percepción que tienen sobre la ética académica, la crisis moral y de valores en la sociedad. El tema se manifiesta en diferentes ámbitos, en particular en el académico. Como tal, el estudio demuestra que la sociedad peruana sufre una enorme crisis moral. Manifestaciones de ella son la infracción a la propiedad intelectual y el hurto de la creación ajena, lo que desmotiva la creación del autor y afecta sus derechos. Esta infracción a las normas de derecho de autor hace que Indecopi imponga determinado tipo de sanciones, que para la dimensión del problema aún es limitada.