Moral Concepts Research Articles

The metaphor of self/environmental cleanliness in the case of moral concepts: an event-related potential study

ABSTRACT The clean metaphor of moral concept refers to the use of a clean experience to represent moral concepts. However, there are different influences on moral judgment between self and environmental cleanliness. The study used the separated Stroop paradigm and the event-related potential (ERP) to explore the metaphorical connection between a clean self/environment and morality. The Experiment 1 found that participants recognised moral words faster after reading environmentally clean sentences than neutral sentences, and the amplitude was more positive in the P300 and N400 time windows. The Experiment 2 found that participants estimated moral words faster after reading self-clean sentences than neutral sentences, and the amplitude was more positive in the P300 and N400 time windows. However, there was no significant difference between self and environmental cleanliness. The findings indicate the psychological reality of the clean metaphor of moral concept and the same effect on environmental and self cleanliness.

Character Education of Students in Pondok Modern Darussalam (PMD) Gontor in Thomas Lickona Theory Perspective

The purpose of this study was to determine the character of the santri in PMD Gontor Ponorogo. This research method uses qualitative methods. The data were obtained from the process of character education for students at this Pondok. Using and analyzed Thomas Thomas Lickona's theory in the book Educating for Character: How Our Schools Can Teach Respect and Responsibility and Character Matters. The results of the study show that: 1) Pancajiwa is the values ​​developed by PMD Gontor including five values: sincerity, simplicity, self-help, Islamic brotherhood, and freedom. 2) The values ​​that shape the character of modern Islamic boarding schools are transformed into the learning process, the formation of Islamic boarding school culture, collaborative curriculum activities, and extracurricular activities. 3) Thomas Lickona revealed that there are several important values ​​to be instilled in students, namely as follows: a. Honesty, b. Tolerance, c. Wisdom, d. Self-discipline, and e. Courage. While the character education strategy according to Thomas Lickona, assumes the triad of personality formation, namely the concept of morality (moral knowledge), moral attitudes (emotional ethics), and ethical behavior (ethical behavior). Thus, the process of character education must be seen as a conscious and planned effort, not an effort that occurs by chance.

Impermanent Youthfulness Shown by Naaladiyar

Youth is not permanent, but changeable. It can change from adolescence to adulthood. Some people make mistakes and make fun of old people, forgetting that they may be getting old. Some people think that they can enjoy their youth and become virtuous in old age. They did not know that not only the old fruit but also the raw fruit would fall even in a strong wind. Youth is always active. Youth can do anything on a whim. There is nothing we can do when our body is weakened and our beauty fades away. Therefore, we should start practising virtues at a young age. We have to get rid of the actions that our hearts desire to go on the evil path, and we should go in search of merit. This will benefit us. The Jain text Naaladiyar expounds on many moral concepts necessary for life, such as carnal pleasure. It recommends that renunciation be the most important virtue. Virtuous people who are free from guilt cannot become virtuous in old age. So, we'll go over this research to see if there's anything we can do to help the troubled youth. So, let us not delay the time so that we, the youth, can practise virtue later. So, the purpose of this study is to do charity now itself.

Why ‘Indirect Discrimination’ Is a Useful Legal but Not a Useful Moral Concept

A policy (practice, act, etc.) indirectly discriminates against a group, G, if, and only if: (1) it does not reflect an objectionable mental state regarding the members of G; (2) it disadvantages members of G; (3) the disadvantages are disproportionate; and (4) G is a socially salient group. I argue that indirect discrimination is not non-instrumentally morally wrong. Clearly, if it were, that would be because it harms members of G disproportionately, i.e., in virtue of features (2) and (3). Harming members of a group disproportionately does appear non-instrumentally wrong. But it is not easy to provide a plausible explanation for the kind of harm and disproportionality involved here that vindicates this initial appearance. This does not mean the concept of indirect discrimination should be jettisoned. It was originally a legal concept, and in closing I briefly suggest that in law it plays a valuable role, even if it is not a genuine moral category. Legal prohibition is an unreliable guide to what is morally wrong, but it is not supposed to be that anyway.

Ibnu Miskawaih: Philosophical Thoughts On Moral Education And Its Relevance To Contemporary Islamic Education

The purpose of this study is to discuss Ibnu Miskawaih’s concept on the philosophical thoughts of moral education and its relevance to contemporary Islamic education in Indonesia. Ibn Miskawaih is a Muslim scholar who has composed many works on ethical philosophy. This research is a qualitative descriptive and a kind of literature study. The method used content analysis. The results and discussion explained that Ibn Miskawaih has the concept of morality, that states the condition of the human soul that encourages to do an act without prior consideration and calculation. Ibnu Miskawaih formulated about moral education, it begins with the method of moral education, moral education material and the purpose of moral education. The relevance of Ibn Miskawaih's philosophical thoughts to contemporary Islamic education is considered reasonable and relevant in terms of the objectives, materials, and methods of Islamic education, that to realize individuals developing noble characters and obeying the Islamic values. Keywords : Philosophy, Moral Education, Ibnu Miskawaih

Analisis Kritik Murtadha Muthahhari Terhadap Konsep Etika Barat

This article contains a comprehensive analysis of Murtadha Mutahhari's critique of the Concept of Western Ethics. Some of the themes discussed in this article are examining the philosophical foundations of Murthada Mutahhari, Murthada Mutahhari's criticism of moral concepts, human rights, and Murthada's criticism of the concept of man in western ethics. To explore these important issues, this research uses library research and character studies. The findings in this study show that sexual ethics in Murtadha Mutahhari's view, that every act that leads humans to perfection is goodness. Second, that the concept of morality criticized by Murtadha Mutahhari is the theory of emotion which states that morality is love, and the theory of intuition which states that moral actions are the result of intuition commands.

Konsep Akhlak Bagi Peserta Didik dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam Menurut Ibnu Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah

Various phenomena related to the lack of morals and morals among students are currently a decline in the cultural changes brought by the western world to the Muslim community, especially among students, therefore researchers will examine a discussion related to research on the work of bnu Qayyim Al- Jauziyah who is one of the previous scholars who focused on studies and discussions in the field of morality. On the basis of scientific studies. The purpose of this study was to find out the scope of the concept of morality for students in the aspect of the study of Islamic Religious Education which was taken from the author of Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah by using exemplary and habituation methods so that the formation of good morals for students. The method used in this research is the writer takes the library research method using a qualitative approach taken from various theories and experts in their fields with literary data collection techniques. The results in this study discuss the moral concept of students in the review of Islamic Religious Education and the opinion of the Islamic scholar of moral science Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah who discusses the good and bad behavior of a person in aspects of his life by getting used to the cultivation of good moral behavior to students which has been carried out since their age is still small by applying the way of example and habituation. The role of both parents, and support from the environmental community and school will determine the results of the formation of good and bad behavior in the morals of students.

You are exactly my type! The traits of a good doctor: a factor analysis study on public's perspectives

BackgroundA multiplicity of qualities and behaviours are considered essential in a good doctor and are identified in various medical profession frameworks. However, there is no consensus as to their meaning or even agreement on fundamental qualities. The authors wanted to examine the importance placed by the Austrian public on the professional and personal traits of ideal physicians. Competencies were used to create different types of ‘good doctor’ and then examined to discover how these can be integrated into existing medical professionalism frameworks.MethodsA 69-item Likert scale-based questionnaire was developed and administered via telephone interview to 1,000 subjects. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were carried out by the Austrian GALLUP-Institute. An explorative factor analysis with promax rotation was undertaken to summarise the interrelationships among variables.ResultsFactor analysis identified six interpretable factors which we define as six different types of doctors: the dutiful doctor, the online health-celebrity, the medical expert, the service physician, the medical altruist, and the ethical agent. The items perceived as most important were ‘takes time’, ‘listens’, and ‘makes correct diagnoses’. Outcome measures of internal consistency and reliability estimates (Cronbach´s alpha, 0.69–0.86) for each element.ConclusionsThe six types of physicians may be a step toward recognizing the professional behaviour of all physicians, their actions as healers, and their commitment to moral concepts, values, and needs of their patients, and society. According to our results, the public has expectations of good doctors that go beyond the scope within the medical professionalism frameworks. Therefore, these guidelines should be adapted in light of the changing expectations and needs of the general population.

Research on the Communication Path of Public Opinion in University Ideological and Political Network for Big Data Analysis

In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has gradually become an interactive platform for people to exchange ideas, collide emotions, spread information, and release emotions. The openness, anonymity, and inclusiveness of the Internet have reduced the obstacles of information dissemination and triggered the conflict of public opinion on the Internet. In addition, students actively express their opinions, attitudes, and feelings on important topics in life and study on the Internet, forming a certain scale of online opinions reflecting students’ unique political attitudes, moral concepts, and values. Because college students are immature physically and mentally and the network environment is full of phenomena, it is easy to arouse their emotional resonance. Therefore, the free and diverse network environment presents new challenges and higher requirements of the times for the stable operation of college network public opinion guidance. Therefore, how to form systematic education in universities combined with ideological and political network public opinions under big data has become an important problem to be solved. Based on this paper presents the communication pattern of network public opinion and model it, namely, the random network public opinion transmission model. By comparing the scope and influence of the two transmission paths of network public opinion, the paper draws the conclusion and strengthens the teaching practice of ideological and political courses. Finally, it is pointed out that the research of the ideological and political network public opinion communication path is a complex digital communication system project, which requires the government, the media, and the schools together to give suggestions in the guidance of the network public opinion.

THE STATE AS «INTELLIGENT LIFE OF SELF- CONSCIOUS FREEDOM»: PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL ASPECTS ACCORDING TO HEGEL’S INTERPRETATION

The theoretical substantiation of the idea of freedom as a positive expression of the essence of human existence with reference to its Christian theodicy meaning («freedom is the supreme gift of God to man») is contained only in the German classical idealism with its systematic interpretation of the idea of the subject. As such, the concept of freedom became for German classics the basis of a new paradigm of philosophy of law, an alternative to both traditional natural law and social contract theory. Based on this paradigm, the Hegelian concept of the state can be considered as one of the sources of the sovereign Russian philosophy of law. Purpose: to highlight, in relation to the idea of the state, the main points that reveal the Hegelian concept of freedom as the most profound definition of the essence of human existence. Methods: the authors use such methods as logical, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, systematic method of cognition, as well as the methodology of theoretical and legal comparative studies. Results: the idea of universal foundations of statehood is an integral part of legal thinking. It is mediated by the concepts of morality, personal freedom, law, which historically were revealed both in rational philosophical-legal, and in theological discourses. Hegel’s understanding of the state as «intelligent life of self-conscious freedom» is realized by him in interconnection of history of state and religion, where each historical stage expresses necessary forms of this self-consciousness.

Religious Otherness and National Identity in Scandinavia, c. 1790–1960: The Construction of Jews, Mormons, and Jesuits as Anti-citizens and Enemies of Society

Religious Otherness and National Identity in Scandinavia, c. 1790–1960: The Construction of Jews, Mormons, and Jesuits as Anti-citizens and Enemies of Society

Indian Ethics: Essence, Theory and Praxis

The paper aims at sculpting out the practice of ethics by comparing and contrasting it with morals, religion, metaphysics, among others in turn highlighting the praxis of ethics in India. It also aims to differentiate between the western concept of morals and ethics while drawing out an argument in favour of Indian ethics or Niti. Though ancient, Nitishastra is still as relevant as ever and teaches righteousness by balancing Karma with Dharma where Dharma is the cosmic order that upholds the world. Nitishastra inclines more in favour of ethics which are intuitive than morals which are law-bound. Furthermore, Indian ethics come close to values that are innate, inherent and inclusive; thus, possessing spiritual affinity which one attains only by exploring one’s self or the Self. The awareness of the Self fortifies one by empowering against the vulnerability of emotions and impulses adding further to the tenets of Indian ethics. The value of the paper lies in the use of Indian Folktales to highlight the uniqueness of Indian Ethics.

EĞİTİM AHLAKINDA TEMEL KAVRAMLAR

Bu makalenin amacı; ahlak, erdem, huy, mizaç, kişilik, karakter, inanç ve tutum vb. kavramları tarihsel olarak açıklamak ve anlamlandırmaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yıllardır vermiş olduğum derslerden ve öğrencilerle olan etkileşimden dolayı, öğrencilerin bu kavramları özümseyemedikleri, bu kavramların üzerinde fazlaca duramadıkları, ilgilenmedikleri ve alan yazınında bu konuda eksiklerin tespit edilmesi üzerine bu çalışmanın hazırlanması hâsıl olmuştur. Bu alanda bu çalışmanın özellikle öğrenciler üzerinde iyi bir katkısının olacağı ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu temel kavramlar toplumlardan, kültürlerden ve filozofların bakış açısına göre çok farklılık gösterdiği ve çok genel kavramlar olduğu için sadece belli noktalardan ve belli bir perspektiften çözümlemeye çalışılacaktır. Bu makaledeki en büyük zorluk bu temel kavramların her topluma ve kültüre göre farklılık göstermesidir. Bundan dolayı da konuyu biraz daha sınırlayıp daha dar bir anlamda ifade etmeye çabalamak olacaktır. Diğer taraftan farklı dinler, farklı toplumlar, farklı kültürler olmasına rağmen, özellikle ahlak, erdem, karakter, inanç ve tutum kavramlarının birçok kültürde aynı anlama gelmesi konuyu kavramada daha büyük bir kolaylık sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Neuropsychological Approach in the Study of Linguistic Phenomena in the Context of the Study of the Conceptual Sphere of People’s Morality

The research focuses on the study of speech phenomena developed in the context of the conceptual sphere as an effective approach to the use of neuropsychology. Neuropsychology considers the acquisition of new knowledge on human perception and processing of new information as a separate mental process. This paper studies the formation of linguistic phenomena in the context of the cultural development of man, which in the course of evolutionary-historical process has created distinctive linguistic-ethnic linguistic images. The linguistic identity of man is created in the representation of man and is represented by a set of concepts, i.e. it is a conceptual sphere. The current state of the humanities has led to the relevance of ethno linguistic studies, which present the results of studies of the reflection in the national consciousness of extra linguistic phenomena that form the basis for a holistic worldview and function as concepts. The latter are cultural, mental and linguistic phenomena that are integral mental-linguistic constructs, but can be studied for each of the components, including language. Cognitive experience, which can be identified and analyzed in language phenomena, is a verbalized (fixed to a bilateral linguistic unit) reflection of sensual and rational experiences of an individual (group, society, ethnicity) of a number of events, impressions, often located in speech - in dialect, literary language, the carrier of which he is). General scientific and special linguistic methods will ensure the complexity of the study of verbalizers of the concepts of folk morality.

The Concept of Akhlakul Karimah in Instagram Based on Sufism Values

Akhlak degradation or moral degradation is at the foundation of a variety of problems and social issues in society during one's life. Moral degradation develops as a result of entering digital spaces, as shown by the presence of Instagram as a digital social media. As a result, discovering a solution to this problem becomes a priority. This study aims to provide a solution to the phenomenon of moral degradation in Instagram by exploring the concept of morality based on Sufism values, by determining the formulation of the problem including a description of moral degradation in Instagram, Sufism and morality in Islam, and the concept of akhlakul karimah based on sufism values. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, as well as literature study as a data collection technique. The findings of this study explain the phenomena of moral degradation on Instagram, which generates a whole slew of issues. Furthermore, this research explains Sufism and morality in Islam, as well as their integration in the concept of morality based on Sufism values through various exercises and efforts as a resolution to moral degradation on the social media platform Instagram.

Metafora Konseptual Lima Jari dalam Sastra Jawa: Analisis Semantik Kognitif

The existence of human fingers has an important role in moral concept based on Javanese culture. Beside as the body languages or gesture, the fingers also have an important position to expressing about moral value. There are some of Javanese literature—poem or oral tradition—that contain moral didactics “how to be a good human”. The aim of this paper is to describe about the fingers in Javanese metaphor concepts based cognitive semantics. The theoretical approach used is the opinion of Johnson and Lakoff, and several relevant previous studies. The research process includes data observation through literature review, data grouping, data reduction, and analysis. The results of this study indicate that the expressions of the fingers in Javanese society state the normative behavior or ethics that must be carried out. This can be seen in the expressions ‘pol-polan’ (thumb), ‘panuduh’ (pointing finger), ‘panunggul’ (middle finger),’ memanis’ (ring finger), and ‘thak-thik’ (little finger). Beside that, the fingers also have the meaning that everyone must balancing and make solidarity.
 Keywords: Javanese literature; the fingers; moral didactics; cognitive semantics.

Philosophy of Minna and moral education: Manabi that encompasses everyone

This paper studies the theory and practice of Minna in Manabi, as the Japanese concept of learning from the perspective of moral education. The Japanese word Minna, which means “all” or “everyone,” plays an important role in Manabi. The word “Minna” is often found in textbooks used in moral education classes, and great value is placed on “thinking about everyone.” Minna, a component of Manabi, not only makes the self (the learner) nothing and selfless, but also makes it possible to enter all, everyone, and the world. This may create possibilities for inclusiveness, reciprocal harmony, hospitality, solidarity, and cooperativeness. This Manabi of “thinking about everyone” can be found in moral classes and in all aspects of learning (educational) activities in Japanese schools. Among them, in addition to being a traditional Buddhist practice dealing with Nothingness and Selflessness, Souji (cleaning time) is also very important in schools as a Japanese moral practice of “thinking about everyone.” The moral concepts developed in the West, such as democracy, community, solidarity, engagement, and citizenship, are not only realized through the establishment of the individual, self-realization, and perfection of personality, but by “thinking about everyone,” as expressed in Nothingness, Selflessness, and Minna.

KONSEP AL-QUR’AN DAN HADIST TENTANG RIBA DAN BUNGA BANK

Riba is an activity of exploitation and does not use the concept of ethics or morality. Allah SWT forbids transactions that contain elements of usury, this is due to oppressing others and the presence of elements of injustice (unjustice). Since pre-Islamic usury has been known and even often carried out in daily economic activities. At the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW usury began to be prohibited with the revelation of the verses of the Qur'an which stated the prohibition of usury, these verses were revealed according to the time and period of the revelation of the verse until there was a verse that strictly forbade it. The practice of usury is not only prohibited by Islam, but religions outside of Islam also prohibit it. The scholars agreed and stated firmly about the prohibition of usury, in this case referring to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Prophet as well as the consensus of the scholars. Broadly speaking, there are two types of usury, namely usury due to accounts payable and usury due to buying and selling. The modernists view usury as emphasizing the morality aspect, not the formal legal aspect, but they (the modernists) do not allow usury-taking activities. Islam has forbidden usury in QS Ar Rum: 39, An Nisa ': 160 - 161, Ali Imran: 130 - 131, and Al Baqarah: 275 - 280.Keyword: Riba, the Law of Riba, the Qur'an and Hadith

Humanism of Abai's ethics as a vector of modernization of public consciousness

The article examines the state and prospects for the development of spirituality in modern Kazakhstani society in the context of the modernization of public consciousness and the revival of culture. Spirituality as one of the fundamental principles of the sociocultural code of the people is rooted in the historical past. To master and understand the culture of modern society and to take a panoramic view of the future, it is necessary to extract meaningful socio-cultural spiritual values ​​from the cultural heritage. Humanism acts as a moral concept of Abai’s philosophical quest. as it is known, the basis of moral teaching is the spirituality of the Kazakh people, which is preserved in the traditions and customs in the oral folk art and works of the thinkers of the Great Steppe. The article emphasizes that the humanism of Abai’s ethics acts as a kind of measure for determining true humanity, an indicator of the degree of meaningfulness of a human being.

Scientism, Ethics and Evil: From Mens Rea to Cerebrum Reus.

Can criminology thrive on quantitative studies alone? Can evil be operationalized? Quantitative work may have, for the time being, supplanted common sense, personal experience and resulting in an improbable "Periodic Table of humanity". Has the construction of the psychopathic concept surpassed positivist "constitutional" formulations and translated into effective (re)habilitation of individuals lacking affiliative ethical behaviors? Or has it simply fueled a deterministic neo-Lombrosian truism: moral development has a brain. Has it helped so far? Has letting go of fundamental moral concepts, implicit in organized religion - but pervasive in most cultures irrespective of religious affiliation and devotion - in favor of causal explanations based solely on neuroimaging, personality inventories or structured emotional decoding tasks, made a difference in the life - or in the defense for that matter - of wrongdoers diagnosed as intrinsically evil?