Mooring Factors Research Articles

Switching behavior in the adoption of a land information system in China: A perspective of the push–pull–mooring framework

The exploration of the general antecedents of what would cause users to adopt innovative information technologies in land sectors is critical for digital transformation in terms of governance. This empirical study employs a push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework (a paradigm that originated from the human migration theory), to examine why users would switch from the traditional paper-based work pattern to land information system (LIS) applications. Based upon the relevant technology adoption theories, a couple of determinants have been integrated into the PPM framework. The land sectors undergoing digital transformation in China have been chosen for such analysis and investigation. Data collected from 208 public servants at administrative county level in China are analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses, using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The results show that push factors (such as dissatisfaction with traditional work patterns), and pulling factors (such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and subjective norms) positively affect switching intention. Meanwhile, mooring factors such as inertia hinder switching behavior. Based on these findings, several behavior interventions and land information usage policy suggestions are put forward to promote the digital transformation in land sectors.

Empirical Study on the Factors Affecting User Switching Behavior of Online Learning Platform Based on Push-Pull-Mooring Theory

Online learning is gaining popularity, but users can easily find alternatives and switch between learning platforms. Reducing users switching behavior is a critical condition for the sustainable development of an online learning platform; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence factors of users switching behavior between different platforms to retain users and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory is adopted to construct a structural equation model of customer switching behavior on online learning platforms and to explore the mechanism of user switching behavior between learning platforms. The model is tested with data collected from 313 online learning users. The results show that information overload and dissatisfaction, as push factors, significantly affect user switching behavior. Functional value and network externality as pull factors positively affect user switching behavior, switching cost, and affective commitment as mooring factors negatively correlate with switching behavior. Further, this study also revealed that there are obvious different influencing factors for different online learning platforms. Overall, this study provides some practical strategies for the online learning platform and can help them to gain a competitive advantage.

Competitive (versus loyal) showrooming: An application of the push-pull-mooring framework

Showrooming is an increasingly popular practic that threatens retailers' performance. This paper adopts the push-pull-mooring framework to understand the shopper decision to purchase online from a different retailer (competitive showrooming) rather than from the same retailer visited to gather information (loyal showrooming). Going beyond the customer motivation to get the best value, we focus on retailer-situational variables (store crowding and quality of salesperson service) and retailer-relational variables (customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty) in the decision on competitive (vs loyal) showrooming. Data was collected via a survey answered by 659 showroomers and analysed using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to unveil different patterns of competitive showrooming. Results highlight the role of mooring factors, such as a strong customer-retailer relationship and quality salespersons’ service, in reducing competitive showrooming.

Study of awareness, adoption and experience of telemedicine technology services; perspectives during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic crisis and associated economic lockdown in India

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of abrupt shift by both doctors and patients to telemedicine during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and associated economic lockdown in India. The study explored various drivers of telemedicine technology awareness, adoption and usage. These drives were studied from both the doctors and the patients’ perspectives using the Push–Pull–Mooring (PPM) theoretical model.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory qualitative research was carried out with 24 doctors and 32 patients. This research was conducted in major urban cities of India. It was carried out during the economic lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected based upon a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire using telephonic interviews. Once thematic saturation was achieved, thematic content analysis was conducted. Finally, the themes were classified and analyzed using the PPM theoretical modelFindingsThe data analysis indicated that there was the presence of all three factors, namely, push, pull and mooring. For the doctors, pull and push factors were more substantive than mooring factors. Although for the patients push and mooring factors were more important and pressing than pull factors.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated economic lockdown in India. The interview respondents were located only in urban India. Future studies could be conducted to explore similarities and differences in telemedicine adoption patterns during non-crisis times vis-a-vis crisis times in urban and rural settings.Practical implicationsThe insights from this study could be used by medical service providers to leverage telemedicine technology to improve the business model, service delivery, pricing strategy, value proposition and behavioral characteristics. Patients on the other hand could gather perspectives regarding how best to use telemedicine technological services.Originality/valueThe authors provided an integrated perspective regarding telemedicine technology awareness, adoption and usage in an emerging economy of India during the critical times of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the associated prolonged economic lockdown. This was one of the first studies that applied PPM theory for telemedicine adoption

Analyzing Chinese Customers’ Switching Intention of Smartphone Brands: Integrating the Push-Pull-Mooring Framework

With increasing technology advancement, online shopping, and growth of affordable segment, smartphone users’ switching behavior is becoming a concern for smartphone companies. To fill the research gap that persists in relation to the switching behavior of smartphone users from a multidimensional view, this study integrates the push-pull-mooring model to investigate and classify factors that affect the switching behavior of smartphone users. To test the hypotheses in relation to different predictors, data were collected from a survey of 246 users of the top ten smartphone brands in China and analyzed using structural model equation through regression analyses. The results revealed that the pull, push, and mooring factors have a significant impact on the switching behavior of smartphone users. While the pull effects have a stronger impact than push effects, the mooring factors were found to have a significant and strongest effect on smartphone users’ switching behavior. In particular, subjective norm showed the greatest impact on switching behavior, product quality and obsolete features showed significant and weak impact while brand image, switching cost, and poor customer service did not show any significant impact. These findings provide useful implications and insights for smartphone brands to develop competitive strategies for customer relationship management.

중국 소비자가 현금과 근접 모바일 결제 사이를 전환하는 이유는 무엇인가? PPM 프레임워크 관점을 중심으로

The emergence of proximity mobile payment technology is beginning to replace the circulation of cash, checks, and credit cards. Nevertheless, few studies have explored why consumers switch between cash and proximity mobile payment. In applying the push-pull-mooring framework, this study investigates consumers’ switching intention between cash and proximity mobile payment by exploring the enablers (push factors and pull factors) and inhibitors (mooring factors). The results showed that push factors, mainly dissatisfaction with cash payment, drive consumers away from using cash. Meanwhile, the pull factors, including utilitarian value and hedonic value, attract consumers to use proximity mobile payment. Mooring effects, in terms of inertia and security concerns, negatively affect consumers’ switching intention. However, this study found that nowadays, the social value is less likely to be the primary reason that attracts consumers to use mobile payment. Such understanding fills the gaps in the current literature under the mobile payment context. Prior studies have mainly paid attention to the adoption phase and the continuous usage phase but have neglected mobile payment switching. This study also assists mobile payment service providers in understanding consumers’ switching behaviors and implementing appropriate strategies for different user groups.

The Migration of Viewers in Gaming Streaming: The Perspective of a Push-Pull-Mooring Model

ABSTRACT The market size of video game streaming is growing at an unprecedented rate, while streaming platforms and streamers are engaging in fierce competitions to retain viewers. Prior studies focused on understanding viewers’ continuance and engagement. However, researchers paid insufficient attention to understanding switching behaviors. Grounded on the push-pull-mooring framework, this study explores the critical factors determining viewers’ migration decisions. The empirical results suggest that both dissatisfaction with perceived enjoyment and perceived boredom with the incumbent video game are the push factors that drive viewers away. The alternative attractiveness of hedonic benefits is the pull factor that attracts viewers to switch to substitutes, and the tendency to seek variety is the mooring factor that facilitates switching decisions. The findings contribute to the literature of video game streaming and user’s switching behavior, and provides practical implications for video game streaming managers and streamers to design strategies for retaining viewers.

CUSTOMER SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR OF AIRY ROOMS USERS USING PUSH-PULL-MOORING APPROACH

There are data that show a decrease in occupancy rates of star-rated hotels and rise of budget hotels in Indonesia. Supported by customer reviews which explain their reasons for choosing budget hotels over star hotels, this switching behavior may reduce the demand of star hotel services. This study aims to determine the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) factors on the intention and behavior of hotel service users. This study uses PPM with quantitative method using 400 samples. The samples were determined using Non-Probability Sampling, analyzed with SEM research analysis method and processed using SmartPLS. The results showed that PPM factors significantly affected the Switching Intention as well as Switching Behavior. However, Mooring factor does not have a significant effect on intensing switching either a significant influence on the Push and Pull factors of Switching Intention.

An Empirical Study on the Dairy Product Consumers' Intention to Adopt the Food Traceability's Technology: Push-Pull-Mooring Model Integrated by D&M ISS Model and TPB With ITM.

Against the backdrop of frequent food safety problems, the importance of establishing food traceability systems has become increasingly important and urgent to address the contradiction between consumer information on safe food choices and the proliferation of problematic foods. The purpose of this study is to empirically study the influencing factors of Chinese consumers on the food traceability system in the food safety field (hereinafter referred to as FTS). In this study, multiple models—push factor (information system success model), pull factor (ITM theory), mooring factor (TPB), and switching intention—were integrated into the push-pulling-mooring theory (PPM) to form a conceptual PPM comprehensive model framework to study the switching intentions of two-dimensional code traceability technology for dairy products of Chinese consumers. By collecting the questionnaire survey, 305 valid questionnaires were collected from the consumers of middle- and high-end dairy products in China, and the influencing factors of thrust, pull, and mooring force were identified. The results showed that 10 of the 11 hypotheses were positive, but the impact of perceived risk on user satisfaction was negative. The important value of this study is to conduct a comprehensive empirical analysis of the key factors influencing consumer choice of traceable safe food through an integrated multi-model framework to help identify ways to establish and improve consumer willingness to use QR code traceable system products, to increase consumer confidence in the use of traceable and safe food choices.

Antecedents of smartphone brand switching: a push–pull–mooring framework

PurposeRecent years have witnessed the increasingly fierce competition amongst smartphone brands. Hence, smartphone firms urge to prevent current consumers from switching to maintain market position. Based on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) framework, this study aims to explore the drivers of users' intentions to switch from their current smartphone brands.Design/methodology/approachBased on previous literature and the characteristics of the smartphone purchase, this study identified one pushing, two pulling and five mooring factors. Online questionnaires were collected to test hypotheses using the structural equation modelling approach. An additional netnography study provides further support to the hypotheses.FindingsResults show that regret is a push factor that enhances consumers' switching intentions. Moreover, two pull factors, subjective norms and alternative attractiveness positively influence consumers' switching intentions. Finally, switching costs, emotional commitment and brand community engagement are mooring factors that negatively affect brand-switching intention, whereas consumers' variety seeking has a positive effect.Originality/valueThis study enriches the brand switching literature and offers significant implications for customer retention.

Price Discount and Price Dispersion in Online Market: Do More Firms Still Lead to More Competition?

Push-Pull-Mooring framework is adopted to identify the antecedents affecting users’ switching intention from Internet payment to mobile payment. Using the data obtained from 264 valid respondents, the results show that both the mooring factors (perceived switching cost and personal innovativeness) and pull factors (relative advantages of substitute information technology and critical mass) are direct antecedents affecting customer switching behavior. In addition, mooring factors could moderate the relationship between push factors (dissatisfaction on system quality and dissatisfaction on service quality) as well as pull factors and customer switching intention. Managerial implications of findings were provided to payment service providers for maintaining incumbent customers and attracting potential customers.

Investigating users switching intention for mobile map services: an extension of the push-pull-mooring model

Mobile map services (MMS) have become regarded as one of the most successful applications of location-based services in recent years, especially in China. Users frequently switch between MMS because of the intense MMS market competition. However, the switching intention of MMS users is yet to be explored to gain new knowledge and practical suggestions. The push-pull-mooring (PPM) model has been widely used to explain and predict switching decisions in various IT contexts. This study contributes a theoretical extension of the use of PPM model to empirically examine the moderating effect of regulatory focus on MMS users' switching intention in China. Results from a field survey suggest that the push, pull, and mooring dimensions all have a significant direct impact on switching intention of MMS. The moderating role of the mooring factors was found in the relationship between push and switching intention, but it was not found in the relationship between pull and switching intention. Moreover, prevention-focus positively moderates the impact of push factors on switching intention, while promotion-focus positively moderates the impacts of mooring factors and pull factor on switching intention.

Understanding Users' Switching Between Social Media Platforms

Social media such as micro-blogs and social networking sites are popular among users. Due to the intense competition, it is crucial for social media platforms to attract users and retain them. The purpose of this paper is to draw on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model to examine users' switching between social media platforms. The results indicated that identification, perceived usefulness, dissatisfaction, privacy concern, and social influence significantly affect switching intention. In addition, social influence has a positive moderation effect on switching intention. The results imply that social media platforms need to consider the effect of push, pull, and mooring factors in order to prevent users' switching behaviour.

Exploring askers’ switching from free to paid social Q&A services: A perspective on the push-pull-mooring framework

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that prompt askers to switch from free to paid social question-and-answer (SQA) services. Prior studies have investigated users’ motivations and participation in free and paid SQA services; however, little attention has been paid to askers’ switching behavior. We empirically analyzed the content of qualitative interviews from 64 askers on a well-known SQA platform in China. Based on the push-pull-mooring framework, we identified and classified factors that influenced askers’ to switch from free to paid Q&A services, using the critical incident technique, after which we calculated the entropy weights of the 16 subcategories before and after the switch, using the entropy weight method. The findings suggest that askers’ switching behavior was influenced by push factors (i.e., dissatisfaction with the free SQA service), pull factors (i.e., satisfaction with the paid SQA service), and mooring factors (i.e., social factors, personal factors, situational factors). Moreover, the findings show that the effects of these factors vary significantly before and after a switch. Dissatisfaction with the quality of information from the free SQA service would influence users before a switch, whereas satisfaction with the quality of information from the paid SQA service would influence them after a switch. In terms of mooring factors, the effects of social and personal factors on askers’ switching behavior, especially subjective norms and cognitive lock-in, turn out to be less significant after a switch, whereas the effect of trust is more significant. Besides, the effects of situational factors are more or less the same before and after a switch. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first attempts to explore factors that affect askers’ switching behavior and to shed light on the managerial strategies of paid SQA services.

Adherents’ switching behavior: exploring the push-pull-mooring framework in the Christian religious market

Studies on switching behavior tend to focus on the business sector. Although high switching rates have been reported in the not-for-profit sector, particularly in the market for Christian religious services, very little has been done with respect to examining switching in the religious context. This study extends understanding of switching intention by examining the phenomenon using the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework in the Christian Religious Market. Data were collected from a survey involving over 500 adherents over a three month period. Results of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling suggest that the adopted framework provided a better explanation for switching behavior among Christian adherents. Furthermore, the push, pull and mooring (except variety seeking) factors were found to significantly account for variation in adherents’ switching intention. Hence, unlike has been established in the business context, a high need for variety does not result in switching among adherents in the Christian religious market.

Investigating users switching intention for mobile map services: An extension of the push-pull-mooring model

Mobile map services (MMS) have become regarded as one of the most successful applications of location-based services in recent years, especially in China. Users frequently switch between MMS because of the intense MMS market competition. However, the switching intention of MMS users is yet to be explored to gain new knowledge and practical suggestions. The push-pull-mooring (PPM) model has been widely used to explain and predict switching decisions in various IT contexts. This study contributes a theoretical extension of the use of PPM model to empirically examine the moderating effect of regulatory focus on MMS users' switching intention in China. Results from a field survey suggest that the push, pull, and mooring dimensions all have a significant direct impact on switching intention of MMS. The moderating role of the mooring factors was found in the relationship between push and switching intention, but it was not found in the relationship between pull and switching intention. Moreover, prevention-focus positively moderates the impact of push factors on switching intention, while promotion-focus positively moderates the impacts of mooring factors and pull factor on switching intention.

Migration (Hijra) to Islamic bank based on push–pull–mooring theory: a services marketing mix perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine the interactive effect of the push factor from the conventional bank, the pull factor from the Islamic bank and the internal mooring factor of the customers in influencing the switching behavior of two types of customer account holders, the conventional only and the mixed (conventional and Islamic bank) account holders, from the services marketing mix perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied an explanatory research design. The data were collected via an online survey from 1,171 Muslim participants; participants consisted of conventional only account holders, Islamic bank only account holders and mixed (conventional and Islamic bank) account holders. The data were mainly analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsBased on the account, the results showed that the three types of customers differ significantly in terms of the effect of the push, pull and mooring factors. The study also showed that the mooring factor, which is internal to the customer, is the most significant factor that inhibits customers from migrating to Islamic banks. The effect was observed for both conventional customers and those who hold mixed accounts.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted via an online survey, which reduces the representativeness of the sample. In addition, most respondents were urban dwellers and well educated, which might not represent the banking behaviour of Indonesian Muslim customers in general.Practical implicationsThe study implies that to attract the conventional only account holder, Islamic banks should first weaken the mooring factors (the internal characteristics of the customers) that inhibit customers from switching to an Islamic bank.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the study is that it simultaneously identifies the push, pull and mooring factors that have the most significant impacts on Muslim customers' switching behavior from a conventional to an Islamic bank.

Individual adaptive performance in computer-mediated work: a migration perspective

PurposeIn dynamic environments, employees should respond to changing demands carrying out actions to achieve proper knowledge of the information systems (IS) that they use (individual adaptation). However, few studies have investigated the determinants of this behaviour. This study proposes and empirically evaluates a cognitive-attitudinal model grounded in migration theory, which considers push, pull and mooring factors.Design/methodology/approachData collected from ERP users were analysed using partial least squares.FindingsCoherent with migration theory, the results show that the individual adapts influenced by push factors (dissatisfaction with their current command of the IS), pull factors (expected benefits from improving their command) and mooring factors (attitude to the adaptation process). Also, inertia and cost of adaption impact on attitude.Research limitations/implicationsThis study introduces migration theory to the IS literature as a basis for comprehensively explaining adaptation in organisational settings.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that management should: exhibit the instrumental benefits of a solid command of the IS; show the current gap in employee knowledge to revert it and, introduce changes to move employees out of their comfort zone to encourage ongoing learning and reduce resistance.Originality/valueWhile previous studies have focused on the implementation stage and the emotional factors to explain adaptation, this study intends to bridge this gap by investigating cognitive-attitudinal factors that trigger the intention to adapt in the post-adoption stage. The findings of this study are useful to researchers in adaptation behaviour, and to managers to promote IS learning for their staff.

Entrepreneurs and Environmental Sustainability in the Digital Era: Regional and Institutional Perspectives.

Climate change and environmental degradation have negatively affected the sustainable development of mankind. The “green” concept has been gradually accepted by the public, thereby strongly promoting “green” business forms and social innovation. This study adopts related information and technology knowledge and experience and warm glow (altruistic value) for business initiatives as push factors, market opportunity (MO) and personal innovativeness (PI) in technology as pull factors, and institutional theory (regulatory support and normative support) as mooring factors. These factors are employed to analyze the switching intentions of individuals toward green entrepreneurship, which is a new persuasive psychological model based on Push–Pull–Mooring model (PPM). The survey questionnaires are collected from a total of 1562 respondents through WeChat in mainland China. The study findings present all variables that significantly affect individuals’ switching intentions toward green entrepreneurs. PI exhibits the most significant impact on intention of individuals toward green entrepreneurship, while the interaction between the mooring factor and MO on switching intentions to green entrepreneurship is relatively weak. Finally, the study contributes theoretical and practical implications for increasing intentions toward green entrepreneurship.

Push-pull-mooring framework for e-commerce adoption in small and medium enterprises

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to develop a conceptual model using the push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework to understand the switching behavior of small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) of batik from adopting traditional marketing to e-commerce; and, second, to test whether the PPM variables prevent or lead to the switching behavior of SMEs of batik to adopt e-commerce.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a hypothesis which is drawn from related literature, quantifiable measures variables with a 1–5 Likert scale, hypothesis testing and draws the inference about a phenomenon of switching the behavior of SMEs from traditional marketing to e-commerce from the sample of 100 owners of batik SMEs, which are located in Yogyakarta, Solo and Pekalongan. The study used partial least square with the aid of the SmartPLS software program to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe result of hypothesis testing indicates that two factors significantly influence the switching behavior of batik SMEs from physical store retailing to e-commerce. The first factor is the desire of SMEs to support the information searching behavior of their customers, and the second factor is the perception that adopting e-commerce can provide value for the SMEs. However, this study fails to prove that the attractiveness of e-commerce can significantly pull the switching behavior of batik SMEs from physical store retailing to e-commerce. Moreover, related to mooring factors, the results show that the computer self-efficacy of the SME owners as a moderating effect is not supported.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has several limitations. First, the samples were restricted to the SMEs of batik in three cities (Yogyakarta, Solo and Pekalongan). It is significant to conduct cross-sector, cross countries, cross-region or even cross-cultural investigations on this subject for better explanations of the results from a global perspective. Studies on cultural differences in switching behavior are supposed to accommodate to different individuals from the SME owner. Second, the study does not differentiate the sizes of enterprises; that is, no test was conducted for small-, medium- and large-size enterprises. The study only focuses on SMEs. Different empirical results may be obtained for different sizes because each enterprise size can have a different condition in e-commerce adoption. Second, this study pays more attention to the product categories of stamped batik and hand-drawn batik. Consumers can have dissimilar favorite channels to purchase other types of batik. Future research should also consider this issue.Practical implicationsWithin all the opportunities available through e-commerce (support the information searching behavior, save the travel time and travel cost, better service quality to their customer, a lower price to their customer as well, and increase their sales), the SMEs need to enhance e-commerce activities and put it in their strategy for moving forward. On the other side, the government should have a strong interest in helping and supporting the SME through several activities.Social implicationsThe research confirms that e-commerce adoption may benefit SMEs. It may encourage more SMEs to move from the traditional physical store retailing to e-commerce.Originality/valueAlthough this study uses the conceptual model from the study of Chang et al. (2017), significant differences exist between the two studies. This study uses the PPM framework in the context of the seller migratory decision, whereas in most studies, the PPM framework is used in the context of the consumer migratory decision. Moreover, most studies about the adoption of e-commerce by owners of SMEs use the theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, technology, organization and environment, and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as the framework.