Mood Ratings Research Articles

Attributing motives to others: Children's and adults' explanations of interpersonal events

AbstractTwo experiments examined first, third, and fifth graders, (seventh graders in Experiment 2), and adults' ratings of an actor's mood, instrumental, social, and a variety of simple and complex psychological goals as explanations of an actor's positive or negative behaviour toward a recipient in the absence (Experiment 1) or presence of bystanders (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, for positive stories, third graders to adults rated psychological as more likely than instrumental goals; for negative stories, all age groups rated instrumental goals as most likely. In Experiment 2, for positive stories, first graders to adults favoured direct psychological goals (recipient's emotion); for negative stories, third graders to adults favoured indirect psychological goals (bystander's thought about actor or actor's emotional state). By early elementary school, children differentiate among specific goals when explaining actions. Older children and adults recognize that behaviour may be motivated by indirect as well as direct goals.Highlights Do children recognize the plausibility of goal explanations, particularly psychological‐goal explanations, when explaining interpersonal actions? In Experiment 1, using a rating‐scale approach, even third graders preferred psychological and social goals as explanations for positive interpersonal behaviour but all ages preferred instrumental‐goal explanations for negative interpersonal actions. In Experiment 2, all age groups recognized the plausibility of direct psychological‐goal explanations, but only seventh graders and adults also recognized indirect‐psychological‐goal explanations. Even early elementary school children recognize the plausibility of explanations involving psychological goals but only older children and adults recognize higher‐order mental‐state explanations that span multiple people or roles.

Longitudinal trajectories of mood symptoms and global functioning in youth at high risk for bipolar disorder

BackgroundLittle is known about the longitudinal course of mood symptoms and functioning in youth who are at high risk for bipolar disorder (BD). Identifying distinct course trajectories and predictors of those trajectories may help refine treatment approaches. MethodsThis study examined the longitudinal course of mood symptoms and functioning ratings in 126 youth at high risk for BD based on family history and early mood symptoms. Participants were enrolled in a randomized trial of family-focused therapy and followed longitudinally (mean 2.0 years, SD = 53.6 weeks). ResultsUsing latent class growth analyses (LCGA), we observed three mood trajectories. All youth started the study with active mood symptoms. Following the index mood episode, participants were classified as having a “significantly improving course” (n = 41, 32.5% of sample), a “moderately symptomatic course” (n = 21, 16.7%), or a “predominantly symptomatic course” (n = 64, 50.8%) at follow-up. More severe depression, anxiety, and suicidality at the study's baseline were associated with a poorer course of illness. LCGA also revealed three trajectories of global functioning that closely corresponded to symptom trajectories; however, fewer youth exhibited functional recovery than exhibited symptomatic recovery. LimitationsMood trajectories were assessed within the context of a treatment trial. Ratings of mood and functioning were based on retrospective recall. ConclusionsThis study suggests considerable heterogeneity in the course trajectories of youth at high risk for BD, with a significant proportion (32.5%) showing long-term remission of symptoms. Treatments that enhance psychosocial functioning may be just as important as those that ameliorate symptoms in youth at risk for BD.

Coping With Stress Through Texting: An Experimental Study

PurposeTexting is used by many adolescents and has the potential to improve well-being, as youth can reach out for support immediately after experiencing a stressful situation. Many studies have examined whether texting is associated with well-being, but few have used experimental designs, preventing causal claims. MethodsIn this experimental study, 130 adolescents (Mage = 12.41) participated with a same-gender friend whom they texted regularly. Both adolescents completed a task that elicited stress and then engaged in one of the following randomly assigned activities: texting their friend, watching a video on a cellphone (passive-phone condition), or sitting quietly (no activity condition). Participants reported their mood and stress levels after the stress task and again after the activity. Heart rate variability was measured throughout. ResultsParticipants who texted their friend reported higher moods (b = −.80, standard error [SE] = .24, p < .001, ηp2 = .09) and lower stress at the end of the study than those in the no activity condition (b = .51, SE = .25, p = .046, ηp2 = .04) and higher moods than adolescents in the passive-phone condition (b = −.74, SE = .25, p = .004, ηp2 = .08). No differences were noted between the passive-phone and no activity conditions. There were no differences in heart rate variability between the three conditions. The effects of texting on mood, self-reported stress, and heart rate variability did not differ by gender. ConclusionsBoth boys and girls may benefit from texting a friend after experiencing a stressful event.

A Combined Sleep Hygiene and Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep and Well-Being During High-Performance Youth Tennis Tournaments.

To investigate the effects of combined sleep hygiene recommendations and mindfulness on actigraphy-based sleep parameters, perceptual well-being, anxiety, and match outcomes during high-performance junior tennis tournaments. In a randomized crossover design, 17 high-performance junior tennis players completed the baseline, control, and intervention (INT) conditions across 3 separate weeks. The baseline consisted of unassisted, habitual sleep during a regular training week, and the control was unassisted sleep during a tournament week. The players attended a sleep education workshop and completed a nightly sleep hygiene protocol during a tournament week for the INT. Analysis was performed on the weekly means and on the night prior to the first match of the tournament (T-1). Significant differences were observed for increased time in bed, total sleep time, and an earlier bedtime (P < .05) across the INT week. These parameters also significantly improved on T-1 of the INT. A moderate effect size (P > .05, d > 1.00) was evident for decreased worry on T-1 of the INT. Small effect sizes were also evident for improved mood, cognitive anxiety, and sleep rating across the INT week. The match performance outcomes remained unchanged (P > .05). Sleep hygiene INTs increase the sleep duration of high-performance junior tennis players in tournament settings, including the night prior to the tournament's first match. The effects on perceptual well-being and anxiety are unclear, although small trends suggest improved mood, despite no effect on generic match performance outcomes.

Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank.

Deletions spanning the STS (steroid sulfatase) gene at Xp22.31 are associated with X-linked ichthyosis, corneal opacities, testicular maldescent, cardiac arrhythmia, and higher rates of developmental and mood disorders/traits, possibly related to the smaller volume of some basal ganglia structures. The consequences of duplication of the same genomic region have not been systematically assessed in large or adult samples, although evidence from case reports/series has indicated high rates of developmental phenotypes. We compared multiple measures of physical and mental health, cognition and neuroanatomy in male (n = 414) and female (n = 938) carriers of 0.8–2.5 Mb duplications spanning STS, and non-carrier male (n = 192, 826) and female (n = 227, 235) controls from the UK Biobank (recruited aged 40–69 from the UK general population). Clinical and self-reported diagnoses indicated a higher prevalence of inguinal hernia and mania/bipolar disorder respectively in male duplication carriers, and a higher prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and blistering/desquamating skin disorder respectively in female duplication carriers; duplication carriers also exhibited reductions in several depression-related measures, and greater happiness. Cognitive function and academic achievement did not differ between comparison groups. Neuroanatomical analysis suggested greater lateral ventricle and putamen volume in duplication carriers. In conclusion, Xp22.31 duplications appear largely benign, but could slightly increase the likelihood of specific phenotypes (although results were only nominally-significant). In contrast to deletions, duplications might protect against depressive symptoms, possibly via higher STS expression/activity (resulting in elevated endogenous free steroid levels), and through contributing towards an enlarged putamen volume. These results should enable better genetic counselling of individuals with Xp22.31 microduplications.

CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH

Research ObjectiveOpioid misuse, which frequently begins in adolescence, is a leading cause of unintentional injury and death among adolescents and young adults. While high rates of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders have been associated with opioid‐related problems (ORPs), studies have not examined treatments for these comorbid conditions, especially those that occur before the ORP diagnosis.Study DesignUsing a large national claims database, we identified individuals with an ORP in 2013 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) diagnosis codes. To adequately assess pre‐existing mental health diagnoses and treatments, we limited our sample to those continuously enrolled in the database for at least 24 months prior to their index ORP diagnosis date with no diagnoses for an ORP (N = 9,055). Using ICD‐9 codes, we identified mental health conditions present in the pre‐diagnosis period (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), anxiety, conduct disorder, depression, personality disorder, other substance use disorder, and other mental health conditions). Procedure codes and pharmacy claims were used to identify receipt of mental health treatment. In addition, we calculated medication possession ratios (MPRs), defined as the total days a medication was dispensed to patients divided by the study period, for antidepressants, antipsychotics, and ADD/ADHD medications. We considered an MPR value greater than or equal to 0.80 adherent.Population StudiedPatients 12‐25 years old enrolled in a private insurance plan and diagnosed with an opioid‐related problem in 2013.Principal FindingsOverall, 55.2% (4998) of the cohort had a pre‐existing mental health condition. Diagnoses of depression (25.6%), anxiety (21.1%), and other substance use disorders (20.3%) were common. More than half of those diagnosed with a mental health condition (63.8% or 3,186) received any outpatient behavioral therapy. Among those who did, the average number of therapy visits was 14.06 (±21.25) out of the overall 31.49 (±33.06) outpatient visits in the two‐year period. Over half (2,933 or 58.68%) received any pharmacotherapy for their mental health conditions, with compliant patients ranging from 13.8% to 32.9% in the year preceding the ORP diagnosis, to 7.0% to 19.2% in the two years preceding the ORP diagnosis for the medication classes.ConclusionsIn a cohort of privately insured adolescents and young adults with ORP, pre‐existing mental health conditions were quite common (55.2%), with a high proportion (82.3%) receiving any treatment for their mental health conditions (behavioral therapy or pharmacotherapy). However, the frequency and duration of these treatments were low—less than 50% were considered adherent for any of the studied medication classes and behavioral treatment visits averaged 1 visit every other month for the two years preceding the ORP diagnosis.Implications for Policy or PracticeThe results of this study may inform clinicians, public health professionals, and policymakers about possible treatment gaps and opportunities that would be helpful in addressing the opioid crisis.Primary Funding SourceNational Institutes of Health.

A Guide to Nature Immersion: Psychological and Physiological Benefits

Nature exposure has been renowned for its positive physiological and psychological benefits. Recent years have seen a rise in nature immersion programs that make use of Guided Forest Therapy walks in a standard sequence of sensory awareness activities to expose participants to natural environments in a safe but effective manner. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of guided versus unguided nature immersion, upon three dependent variables of mood, nature connectedness and heartrate. 51 participants were assigned to either guided or unguided nature immersion. Nature connectedness (Connectedness to Nature Scale, CNS), Environmental Identity Scale, EID short form) and mood (Positive and Negative Affect Scale, PANAS) were assessed before and after nature immersion, while heart rate was tracked continuously by a wristwatch heart rate tracker throughout the 2-h experience. Demographics and general health practice (GHP) information were also collected. A mixed model ANOVA revealed that nature connectedness and mood (but not heart rate) improved post-immersion for all participants. Comparing the guided/unguided conditions, there were no significant differences in the change in nature connectedness, mood or heart rate. Comparing within the five segments within the standard sequence in the guided condition, the third and fifth segments revealed a significantly lower heart rate compared to the baseline heart rate.

Clary Sage Essential Oil and Its Effect on Human Mood and Pulse Rate: An in vivo Pilot Study.

Clary sage (Salvia sclarea) is a xerophytic biennial plant typical for the Mediterranean region. It is cultivated for its essential oil, which is widely used in the flavor and fragrance industry as well as in aromatherapy for its relaxing and immunomodulatory effect. In this pilot investigation, clary sage essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS as well as GC-FID and examined regarding its effects on pulse, blood pressure and mood in healthy human female and male subjects. Analysis of the used CSEO identified linalylacetat (61.3%) and linalool (22.1%) as main compounds. Sclareol was found at 0.3%. In the first experiment with 30 participants (with 15 female), CSEO, diluted in peanut oil, was administered to the left forearm, leading to an increase in pulse rate in women (peanut oil served as control). In men, pulse rate deceased over time (p = 0.013). In the second experiment (32 participants; 16 females) the oil was inhaled for 30 min (pure water as control). The observed decrease of pulse rate was significantly stronger in women than in men (p = 0.026). To evaluate the influence of the mode of application, a comparison of both experiments was performed showing a significant difference between sexes for the parameter of pulse rate (p = 0.034). Overall, the effects elicited by CSEO may depend on application method (inhaled/dermal) and sex (male/female).

Competitive evaluation in male elite junior soccer players: entire match, replaced, and substitute players.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mood states, recovery, displacement patterns, and rating of perceived exertion of elite junior soccer players during a national competition, considering substitutions in the matches. Before the games, the mood states and total quality recovery (TQR) were evaluated. During the games, the total distance (TD), low-speed distance (LSD), and high-speed distance were monitored. At the end of the matches, the rating of perceived exertion scale was used. The average and standard deviation were used to compare the match stages, soccer positions and influence of the substitutions. The significance level adopted was 5%. In relation to the mood states, fatigue presented higher values (P<0.05) for entire match and substitute players, and in the TQR, substitute players presented better recovery (P<0.05) than entire match and replaced players. In the TD, shorter distances covered were observed (P<0.05) in the first half, and the average of the midfielders was longer (P<0.05) than that of the defenders. In the LSD, the midfielders covered longer distances (P<0.05) than the strikers and defenders. It is possible to conclude that the substitutions have an impact on the player positions, match stages and maintenance of the intensity of the players.

Colon-delivered short-chain fatty acids attenuate the cortisol response to psychosocial stress in healthy men: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of microbial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon and may mediate microbiota-gut-brain communication. However, their role in modulating psychobiological processes that underlie the development of stress- and anxiety-related disorders is not mechanistically studied in humans. In this triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial, we examine in a parallel group design the effects of 1-week colonic SCFA-mixture delivery in doses equivalent to fermentation of 10 g or 20 g of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides on responses to psychosocial stress and fear tasks in 66 healthy men. We demonstrate that low and high doses of SCFAs significantly attenuate the cortisol response to psychosocial stress compared to placebo. Both doses of SCFAs increase serum SCFA levels and this increase in circulating SCFAs co-varies significantly with the attenuation of the cortisol response to psychosocial stress. Colonic SCFA delivery does not modulate fecal SCFA concentrations, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cortisol awakening response, fear learning and extinction, or subjective mood ratings. These results demonstrate that colon-delivered SCFAs modulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to psychosocial stress, thereby supporting their hypothesized role in microbiota-gut-brain communication.

783-P: Can Mood and Energy Levels Be Predicted by Preceding Glucose Values? Combining Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

For association with glycemic control, psychosocial research almost exclusively used retrospective questionnaire data to assess psychosocial outcomes. Little is known about the immediate, real-time effects of glucose values on psychosocial outcomes. In an observational study, 152 people with type 1 diabetes were equipped with CGM and completed a Smartphone-based EMA-survey 4-times a day over 18 days. Participants rated their mood and energy level separately on a single-item scale from 0 (very poor) to 10 (very good). Glucose data 90 minutes prior to each rating was extracted and mean glucose, time in range, time in hypoglycemic ranges (&amp;lt;70, &amp;lt;55 mg/dl), time in hyperglycemic ranges (&amp;gt;180, &amp;gt;250 mg/dl), and the mean absolute difference (MAD) of consecutive glucose values were calculated. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted with mood and energy levels as dependent variables and each parameter of glycemic control (90min prior) as independent variable, controlled for the overall level of glycemic control. Better mood was significantly predicted by lower mean glucose levels (p=.003), higher time in range (p=.003), and less hyperglycemic values (&amp;gt;180 mg/dl: p=.021; &amp;gt;250 mg/dl: p=.002). No significant associations were found for hypoglycemic values and MAD. Higher energy levels were significantly predicted by lower mean glucose levels (p=.012), higher time in range (p=.001), less hypoglycemic values (&amp;lt;70 mg/dl: p&amp;lt;.001; &amp;lt;54 mg/dl: p=.023), less values in the severe hyperglycemic range (&amp;gt;250 mg/dl: p&amp;lt;.001). Lower MAD predicted higher energy levels (p=.047). Ratings of mood and energy were significantly affected by immediately preceding glucose levels. While hyperglycemic values were more important for mood, hypoglycemic values were more important for energy. These preliminary findings have important implications for our understanding of real-time effects of hypo- and hyperglycemic glucose levels. Disclosure D. Ehrmann: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott, Berlin-Chemie AG, Glooko, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. A.J. Schmitt: None. P. Rubertus: None. B. Kulzer: Research Support; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie AG, Roche Diabetes Care. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Berlin-Chemie AG, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. N. Hermanns: Advisory Panel; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie AG. Funding German Center for Diabetes Research (FKZ82DZD1102A)

Nature Relatedness of Recreational Horseback Riders and Its Association with Mood and Wellbeing.

Connectedness to nature and nature contact can provide many benefits to humans, like stress reduction, recovery from illness, and increased positive emotions. Likewise, recreational horseback riding is a widespread sports activity with the potential to enhance physical and psychological health. Yet, the influence of connectedness to nature on the wellbeing of older aged recreational horseback riders has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study therefore was to explore the relationship between nature relatedness and physical, psychological and social wellbeing and happiness. The study sample was composed of Austrian recreational horseback riders aged 45 years and older, who were compared with dog owners and people without pets (n = 178). We found significantly higher nature relatedness, significantly higher overall wellbeing and a significantly better mood rating in recreational horseback riders compared to people without pets and similar scores compared to dog owners. Physical wellbeing is correlated with overall nature relatedness in horseback riders and dog owners, but no correlation was found in people without pets. A structural equation model shows a direct relationship between nature relatedness and mood in horseback riders and an indirect relationship through pet attachment in dog owners. The results suggest the activity with horses and dogs in nature environments is a source of wellbeing, enjoyment, self-confidence and social contacts.

Real-time associations between discrimination and anxious and depressed mood among sexual and gender minorities: The moderating effects of lifetime victimization and identity concealment.

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) experience higher rates of depression and anxiety, which are linked to higher rates of discrimination and victimization. SGM individuals may conceal their SGM identities to decrease discrimination and victimization exposure; however, these experiences still occur, and concealment itself is often associated with greater anxiety and depression. However, it remains unclear whether lifetime victimization and identity concealment moderate the effect of day-to-day discrimination, which we evaluated in the current study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Fifty SGM participants (Mage=21.82, SD=4.70; 84% White) completed baseline assessment (e.g., concealment and lifetime victimization) followed by EMA of daily discrimination and anxious and depressed mood for 14 days. As hypothesized, daily discrimination predicted momentary increases in anxious and depressed mood, b = .34, p < .001. Notably, these effects were more pronounced among individuals who reported higher levels of identity concealment, b = .25, p < .001, and previous SGM-based victimization experiences (marginally), b = .18, p = .05. Main effects of cumulative lifetime victimization and identity concealment, measured at baseline, were associated with higher ratings of anxious and depressed mood over the two-week study. While identity concealment may reduce exposure to discrimination and victimization, we found that concealment and prior victimization predict heightened reactivity to daily discrimination experiences. Additional research is needed to further explicate real-time effects of minority stress exposure, and to develop interventions that may mitigate risk among SGM individuals with prior victimization exposure and higher levels of identity concealment in particular.

0252 Influence of Sleep on Negative Social Judgment

Abstract Introduction Sleep plays an important role in emotional regulation. Emotional regulation can be disrupted by psychosocial stress, including social judgment. It is not known whether sleep can regulate emotions arising from social judgment. The aim of this study is to determine if sleep can reduce emotional reactivity associated with negative social judgment. Methods On day one, subjects participated in a social judgment task (SJT) in the morning, followed by a nap or wake condition. Subjects’ physiological responses to social judgment task (skin conductance and heart rate) and mood were measured before and after the SJT, after the nap/wake condition, and once on day three. Results Mood ratings decreased after social judgment for all subjects, but increased following the nap intervention. Mood ratings improved after the 2 day delay. There were no changes in social status. Skin conductance during judgment decreased for subjects in nap condition, but not wake. After a 2 day delay, skin conductance decreased across subjects, with those in nap condition experiencing greater decrease. Heart rate response during social judgment exposure decreased only for those in nap group, with a 2 day delay showing decreased heart rate response across all subjects. Conclusion A nap directly following social judgment buffers negative response to the experience by decreasing emotional reactivity as measured by mood, skin conductance, and heart rate response. No differences were found between nappers and non-nappers on day three, suggesting that sleep benefits emotional reactivity associated with the stress of social judgment and that these benefits can happen with a nap or a night of sleep, more than a period of wake. Support University of California, Irvine.

An Automated Mobile Mood Tracking Technology (Mood 24/7): Validation Study.

BackgroundElectronic tracking has been utilized for a variety of health conditions. Previous studies have shown that there is higher adherence to electronic methods vs paper-and-pencil tracking modalities. Electronic tracking also ensures that there are no back-filled entries, where patients have—to appear compliant—entered their responses retrospectively just before their visits with their health care provider. On the basis of the recognition of an unmet need for a Web-based automated platform to track psychiatric outcomes, Johns Hopkins University partnered with Health Central (a subsidiary of Remedy Health Media LLC) to develop Mood 24/7, an electronic, mobile, automated, SMS-based mood tracker. This is a pilot study to validate the use of Mood 24/7 in anticipation of clinical trials to demonstrate the therapeutic benefit on patients’ health outcomes of utilizing digital mood-tracking technology.ObjectiveMood 24/7 is an electronic mood-monitoring platform developed to accurately and efficiently track mood over time through automated daily SMS texts or emails. This study was designed to assess the accuracy and validity of Mood 24/7 in an outpatient psychiatric setting.MethodsThis pilot study involved a retrospective chart review for depressed outpatients (N=9) to compare their self-reported Mood 24/7 daily mood ratings with their psychiatrist’s independent clinical mood assessment at the time of the patient’s visit. Their mood ratings via Mood 24/7 were collected over 36 weeks. In addition, a mixed model analysis was applied to compare the weekly Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores with Mood 24/7 scores over an average of 3 months.ResultsA 97.2% (315/324) digital mood reporting adherence was found over 36 weeks, and a significant correlation (r=0.86, P<.001) was observed between patients’ Mood 24/7 scores and their psychiatrist’s blinded clinical assessment of the patient’s mood when seen in the clinic. In addition, a significant concordance (intraclass correlation of 0.69, 95% CI 0.33-0.91, P<.001) was observed in the mixed model analysis of the clinician-administered MADRS vs Mood 24/7 scores over time.ConclusionsOur chart review and mixed model analyses demonstrate that Mood 24/7 is a valid instrument for convenient, simple, noninvasive, and accurate longitudinal mood assessment in the outpatient clinical setting.

M128. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS

BackgroundConsistent evidence suggests that there is an association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders. Exposure to childhood trauma among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including exacerbation of symptoms, higher rates of readmission and relapse, poorer levels of social and vocational functioning, substance use and self-harm (Grubaugh et al., 2011). We aimed to identify people with SMI and a history of CSA as recorded in electronic health records in a large mental healthcare provider in the UK, describe the clinical and functional characteristics these patients and compare their clinical outcomes (admissions, medication) to those of patients with no recorded history of CSA.MethodsData for this study were obtained from Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool. CRIS is an application developed to enable routinely collected electronic health records to be used in research. C&I NHS FT is a large mental health provider serving a geographic catchment area of two inner-city London boroughs, and approximately 470,000 residents. For purposes of this study we identified patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of F20-F29 or F30-31 with at least one year of follow-up. We searched text records (clinical notes and documents) for keywords associated with CSA, using an iterative process of inclusion and exclusion rules. We then tested the positive predictive value of this search. We compared the demographic, clinical and functional characteristics of patients with and without a history of CSA using chi square tests. Next, we used logistic regression models to examine the outcomes of inpatient admission and receipt of antipsychotic medication among the study population.ResultsWe identified 7,000 patients with SMI, of which 619 (8.8%) hade a recorded history of CSA. Patients with a recorded history of CSA were more likely to be female (63.8% vs. 43.3%), single (76.9% vs. 66.5%), of white ethnic origin (66.4% vs. 54.3%) than their counterparts without CSA. There was no difference in the distribution of social deprivation between the groups. Major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and personality disorders were all more prevalent in patients with CSA (13.4% vs. 7.6%, 4.7% vs. 1.4%, and 22.0% vs. 5.8%, respectively). Higher rates of moderate-severe psychotic symptoms, depressed mood, self-harm, substance use and aggression were also evident in this group, as were problems with relationships and accommodation. There was a 2-fold increase in the odds of inpatient admissions in patients with a history of CSA than in those without (adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.64–2.33), and they were more likely to have spent at least 10 days a year as inpatients (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.07–1.62). Similarly, patients with a history of CSA were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotic medication (adjusted OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.69–3.66), and more likely to be given over 75% of the maximum recommended dose (adjusted OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.44–2.04).DiscussionThe current study used routinely recorded data from electronic health records to identify a history of childhood sexual abuse in patients with SMI. Consistent with previous findings, the study demonstrated that exposure to childhood trauma is associated with negative clinical and functional outcomes in these patients. Clinicians working with patients with SMI should be trained and skilled at assessing childhood adversity, and addressing such adversity in the clinical setting.

Can self‐esteem be improved using short daily training on mobile applications? Examining real world data ofGGSelf‐esteem users

Objective Using real world data, we examined the associations between self‐esteem ratings and the short, daily use of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)‐based mobile application targeting self‐esteem related beliefs. The effects of using this application on mood ratings were also assessed.Method Real world data of GG Self‐esteem users were collected from January 2019 until August 2019. Participants’ self‐esteem and mood scores were evaluated at three‐time points corresponding to Levels 1, 20 and 46 of the mobile application.Results Significant increases in self‐esteem ratings were found across all three‐time points. Increased mood ratings were only found at Level 20, compared to baseline. Dropout rates across assessment points were associated with younger age, and males showed significantly higher self‐esteem scores than women at baseline and the second assessment point.Conclusions Our findings are consistent with previous controlled trials indicating that using CBT‐based mHealth applications targeting maladaptive beliefs may be useful for increasing user's wellness and reducing distress.KEY POINTS(1) App use was associated with increased self‐esteem and mood.(2) The higher the level participants used the app the more their self‐esteem increased.(3) Real world data is consistent with findings from previous controlled studies.

Metacognition and emotion - How accurate perception of own biases relates to positive feelings and hedonic capacity.

Metacognition refers to awareness of one's own cognitive processes, including examining own biases and decision making. Metacognitive self (MCS), defined as accuracy in perception of own biases, is associated with pro-health behaviors and desire for feedback, including negative information. Two studies investigated MCS in relation to emotion and hedonic capacity. First, in a longitudinal study of college students, MCS measure was stable over time, and correlated with feelings of love and joy. In the second study, MCS, mood, and hedonic capacity ratings were collected prior to evaluating stimuli for pleasure from engagement during an fMRI. Higher MCS was associated with greater hedonic capacity and increased signal in cortical areas involved in self-reflection and decision making. Our findings implicate self-awareness of biases as a cognitive process supporting positive emotional state and hedonic capacity. Future studies should explore how MCS relates to changes in mood and vulnerability to mood disorders.

Childhood abuse and intimate partner violence among women with mood disorders

BackgroundMild to moderate association between childhood abuse (CA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) is reported among women from community samples. CA and IPV in clinical samples have shown strong association with adult psychopathology. MethodsWe investigated the association between CA and IPV among women with mood disorders (MD), in comparison with healthy women (HW), at a tertiary mental health centre in India. Women diagnosed with mental health disorders (n=609) and healthy volunteers (n=100), between the ages of 18 to 50 years, were assessed as part of a larger study. For the purpose of this analysis, we have taken a sample of women with MD (n=251) this includes 121 women with unipolar depression, 130 with Bipolar disorder and HW (n=72), with intimate partners. ResultsIncidences of childhood emotional abuse (χ2 =4.200, p=<0.05) and IPV [Severe combine abuse (t=3.924, p<0.01), Emotional abuse (t=3.895, p<0.01), Physical abuse (t=2.333, p<0.05)] were higher in women with MD as compared to HW. We noted a positive correlation between CA and IPV, in women with MD. And also CA came out as a predictor for IPV in later life among women with MD on regression analysis. LimitationsNo information about the total number of depressive and manic episodes, and also the mood ratings at the entry point. ConclusionsCA and IPV have an additive effect which might lead to the expression of severe mental disorders like MD and these factors might also have an impact on course and outcome of mood disorder which needs further studies.

Film Mood and Its Quantitative Determinants in Different Types of Scenes

Films elicit emotions in viewers by infusing the story they tell with an affective character or tone-in a word, a mood. Considerable effort has been made recently to develop computational methods to estimate affective content in film. However, these efforts have focused almost exclusively on style-based features while neglecting to consider different scene types separately. In this study, we investigated the quantitative determinants of film mood across scenes classified by their setting and use of sounds. We examined whether viewers could assess film mood directly in terms of hedonic tone, energetic arousal, and tense arousal; whether their mood ratings differed by scene type; and how various narrative and stylistic film attributes as well as low- and high-level computational features related to the ratings. We found that the viewers were adept at assessing film mood, that sound-based scene classification brought out differences in the mood ratings, and that the low- and high-level features related to different mood dimensions. The study showed that computational film mood estimation can benefit from scene type classification and the use of both low- and high-level features. We have made our clip assessment and annotation data as well as the extracted computational features publicly available.