Mood Dimensions Research Articles

Strain-specific effects of probiotics on depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis

IntroductionDepression and anxiety are pervasive mental health disorders with substantial global burdens. Probiotics, live microorganisms known for their health benefits, have emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for these conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the strain-specific effects of probiotics on relieving depressive and anxiety symptoms while elucidating underlying mechanisms.MethodsEMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL and PubMed/Medline were systematically queried to identify studies released until May 15, 2024. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that employed standardized assessment tools for depression and anxiety namely Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), or Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were included.Results12 RCTs involving 707 participants were included. Seven RCTs utilizing the BDI questionnaire demonstrated a significant decrease in depressive symptoms favoring probiotics containing strains such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum (MD: -2.69, CI95%: -4.22/-1.16, p value: 0.00). Conversely, RCTs using HAMD showed a non-significant reduction in depressive symptoms (MD: -1.40, CI95%: -3.29/0.48, p value: 0.14). RCTs employing DASS and MADRS scales also showed no significant differences.ConclusionThis meta-analysis offers valuable insights into the strain-specific effects of probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species on depressive and anxiety symptoms. While our findings suggest a significant reduction in depressive symptoms based on the BDI scale favoring probiotics, the lack of significant effects observed on the HAMD, DASS, and MADRS scales underscores the complexity inherent in these conditions. It is imperative to acknowledge the mixed results across different measurement scales, indicating the need for cautious interpretation. Therefore, we advocate for a nuanced understanding of probiotics’ impacts on various dimensions of mood, emphasizing the necessity for further research.

Cognitive Functions, Mood and Sleep Quality after Two Months of Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting is being popularized as a method beneficial not only for weight loss, but also for overall psychological functioning and well-being. However, there is only a handful of studies examining the latter claims. The aim of this open-label study was to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between fasting-based diets, and cognitive functions and other mental health factors such as mood and sleep quality. The research was conducted on a sample of 105 healthy volunteers who were placed in either the experimental (fasting) group (n = 76) or the control (no change in diet regimen) group (n = 29). For a period of 2 months, the experimental group adhered to a time-restricted eating (TRE) form of intermittent fasting: Participants were instructed to fast from eating or drinking for 16 hours per day. Participants in the control group did not adhere to any specific dietary regimen. Cognitive functioning (attention, memory, working memory and executive functions), as well as sleep quality and several mood dimensions (anxiety, depression, fatigue, hostility, friendliness, cheerfulness, concentration, energy) were measured across three time points: Prior to the beginning of the study, and one month and two months later, respectively. Results showed no significant group x time point interactions on any of the measures. In conclusion, the results of this study do not corroborate the notion that TRE regimen significantly influences cognitive functions, mood or sleep of healthy individuals. While fasting-based diets successfully regulate weight, the claims regarding their beneficial effect on psychological functioning in non-clinical populations are yet to be proven.

The Effects of Reiki on the Stress of Japanese Nurses: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.

Purpose: To identify the effects of Reiki on stress among Japanese nurses. Design: Mixed method and intervention design. Method: A nonprobability snowball sampling was used. Twenty-one nurses were invited to receive the Reiki intervention. Physical responses were measured by pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure rate, and salivary α-amylase activity pre- and postintervention. Psychological responses were evaluated by the mood dimensions and Total Mood Disturbance of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition. To obtain qualitative data, semistructured interviews were conducted after the intervention, and a web-based questionnaire was completed the following day. Findings: Twenty-one participants completed the study, and results indicated that the Reiki intervention significantly improved psychological stress reactions. No significant differences were found in physical stress. Two categories were identified from qualitative data: "positive effects" and "negative effects". Codes including "warm," "body feeling more comfortable," and "stress awareness" emerged as the positive effects. No adverse events were indicated. Conclusion: The results are the first step toward holistic nursing care in Japan and quantitative and qualitative data confirmed that Reiki improved the psychological aspect of stress responses of Japanese nurses.

Associations Between Multiple Dimensions of Sleep and Mood During Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Daily Diary Study.

Prior research has observed reciprocal associations between sleep and mood. However, these findings are primarily based on the examination of one or two aspects of sleep behaviors (e.g., duration, quality), neglecting how multiple dimensions of sleep (particularly indicators pertinent to adolescence, e.g., sleep variability) are linked to adolescent mood both daily and longitudinally. Drawing on a multidimensional framework for sleep, this study addressed the knowledge gap by examining the directionality of and differential effects for associations between multiple dimensions of sleep and mood during early adolescence. Participants were 273 Chinese early adolescents (34.39% girls; Mage = 11.57, SD = 1.31), who filled out a pre-survey on demographics (T1) and 7-day diaries on sleep (i.e., duration, quality, disturbance, and latency) and mood (i.e., positive and negative mood). Adolescents completed another wave of diary reports 1 year later (T2). Findings revealed both bidirectional and unidirectional, within-person effects depending on specific sleep parameters, suggesting differential associations between multiple dimensions of sleep and mood. Specifically, on days when adolescents had longer sleep latency and greater disturbance than usual, they reported higher negative mood the next day, whereas higher negative mood was linked to poorer sleep quality the next day. The longitudinal investigation found that greater variability in sleep quality at T1 was associated with higher negative mood at T2. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex interplay between sleep and mood by examining the directionality of and differential effects for the daily and longer-term associations between multiple dimensions of sleep and mood among early adolescents.

Abstract PO3-11-09: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of lymphedema patient-reported outcome measurements in Chinese breast cancer patients

Abstract Background: Lymphedema is one of the most common complains reported by breast cancer survivors, which negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). Various internationally recognized patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), such as the Upper Limb Lymphedema 27 (ULL-27), Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health questionnaire (Lymph-ICF), Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire for upper limbs (LYMQOL-ARM), and Lymphedema Life Impact Scale Version 2 (LLIS), have been translated into different languages and widely used to assess QoL in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). However, limited evidence has proved the efficiency of these tools in Chinese patients. In this study, we performed cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of these four PROMs within the Chinese context. Additionally, we also compared the accuracy in detecting BCRL for early diagnosis. Methods: A process of forward–backward translation and cultural adaptation was conducted based on international standards. Content validity was assessed through patient interviews. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The correlation analysis of the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) and each BCRL QoL questionnaires was utilized to indicate the convergent and divergent validity. Clinical validity was assessed by comparing scores among patients with different BCRL stages. Furthermore, questionnaires scores and the known group of lymphedema or not were compared to generate receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of these instruments. Results: A total of 204 female breast cancer patients were recruited in this study. Among them, 104 patients (61 with lymphedema and 43 without lymphedema) finished LYMQOL-ARM and ULL-27 questionnaire, while 100 patients (59 with lymphedema and 41 without lymphedema) were assessed by Lymph-ICF and LLIS. The internal consistency was high, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.9 for all subscales and global scales. The content validity was generally good, except for a few issues reported by the patients. Convergent and divergent validity confirmed the hypotheses of correlation between the tested questionnaire and SF-36 to varying degrees: 100% for ULL-27, 80% for Lymph-ICF, nearly 70% for LLIS, and only 50% for LYMQOL-ARM. LLIS and Lymph-ICF demonstrated strong clinical validity, with significant differences found in total and subscale scores among participants in different BCRL stages (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences between stages for the mood dimension (P=0.132) of LYMQOL-ARM, psychological dimension (P=0.506), social dimension (P=0.083), and total score (P=0.057) of ULL-27. Only the physical concerns and global scale of LLIS and the symptom subscale of Lymph-ICF exhibited acceptable AUC values near 0.7 (AUC 0.725, 95% CI 0.625-0.825, p< 0.029; AUC 0.680, 95% CI 0.573-0.787, p< 0.002; AUC 0.734, 95% CI 0.633-0.834, p< 0.001, respectively). In contrast, other subscales and questionnaires displayed lower AUC values. Conclusion: Lymphedema is a chronic disease that has a relatively low mortality risk but significantly affects the quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize patient-reported outcomes in the assessment of lymphedema. Among the four PROMs, LLIS not only showed high internal consistency and content validity more suitable for Chinese patients, but also exhibited better performance in reflecting the presence and severity of lymphedema patients. Consequently, the validated and reliable Chinese version of LLIS is recommended for clinical and scientific practices in the assessment of BCRL, which will help to provide better interventions with a patient-centered focus. Citation Format: Yue Zhou, Bingqiu Xiu, Qi Zhang, Jiong Wu. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of lymphedema patient-reported outcome measurements in Chinese breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-11-09.

The Effect of Music Therapy as an Adjunctive Treatment in Pediatric Cancer Patients Receiving Traditional Therapies: A Systematic Review

Aim: This study aimed to analyze articles that discussed the effect of music as adjunctive therapy to traditional treatments of pediatric cancer patients compared to a control of no music therapy. Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death in children, with over 400,000 children diagnosed annually. During standard oncologic treatments, children often experience psychological and physical adverse effects. The use of music therapy can provide numerous supportive benefits to pediatric patients as adjunctive treatment in reducing psychological and physical burdens. Design: This was a systematic review of English-language articles from PubMed. Methods: Nine outcome articles were utilized in this systematic review, including quantitative and qualitative reviews of case studies, interviews, historical accounts, randomized control trials, and other systematic reviews. Results: The study found increased quality of life (QOL) involving dimensions of mood, cognition, relaxation, self-esteem, vitality, and a sense of community involving interpersonal relationships. The implementation of music therapy in pediatric oncology patients decreased stress/distress and pain. Qualitative data suggests QOL dimensions of localization and control of feelings, sense of community involving social roles and ecological health, stress, distress, and pain, improved in pediatric oncology patients receiving music therapy. Conclusion: The literature supports music therapy as a complementary treatment during traditional therapies to help decrease stress and pain in children and improve quality of life and sense of community. Therefore, music therapy as an adjunctive therapy should be implemented into standard practice.

Effects of Underscoring on Semantic Appraisal and Interpretation of Ambivalent Film Scenes

Abstract The relationship between film and music provides a domain for the investigation of the effects of background music on emotional and cognitive processing of film scenes. This article presents the results of an experiment on the role of music in the semantic appraisal and interpretation of ambiguous film clips. Psychomusicological studies on film music show that subjects are able to match a scene to its intended underscoring, and that there seems to be a “congruency” variable in play between a piece of music and a film scene. Some research also suggests that two independent factors, namely mood and arousal, underlie the appraisal of complex stimuli like musical tracks and film scenes. However, few studies specifically address the role of music in modulating the “cognitive” interpretation of a scene, so we set out to investigate the effect of underscoring music on ambiguous film clips in which the portrayed events could be explained in different ways. First, mood and arousal scores were obtained via semantic differential ratings for twenty-two music tracks (n=107) and twelve scenes (n=92), and those stimuli receiving the most consistent ratings among subjects were used to create different parings. Then, all combinations were rated for congruency (i.e., how well the music and the scene fit together). Changing underscoring music had a significant effect on the overall ratings for mood and arousal in most film/music pairings (n=92). The perceived congruency between visuals and music seems related to the distance of each stimulus on the mood dimension. When subjects were asked what they thought was happening in the scene, the soundtrack previously rated as congruent led the majority of participants to one same interpretation of the film scene. However, when underscoring music was in a contrasting relation with the film scene, responses were more spread out.

The gender dimension of social mood in modern Russia: the experience of historical and sociological analysis

Social mood is the most developed phenomenon of sociological theory and practice, the consideration of which is important for assessment and expertise in times of crises and obvious social changes. Social mood is considered as a phenomenon and an integral characteristic of the perception of life in society, the state of the human spiritual world, an integral form of life perception, the dominant of a really functioning social consciousness and behavior. To identify the gender characteristics of social positions, a primary analysis of the data of the All-Russian sociological monitoring "How are you, Russia?" (1992-2022) during the crisis and turning points of three decades of the modern history of Russia was carried out– 1993, 2001, 2008, 2014, 2022, The data of the research institute "Precariat: a new phenomenon in the socio-economic structure of society" are involved (RNF No.18-18-00024). The empirical basis for the secondary analysis was the data of the All-Russian centers for sociological research, statistical information, and publications in the media in current periods. A comparison of respondents' responses to problems, their prioritization in the opinions of women and men allowed us to identify dominant events, emerging new combinations of crisis phenomena of economic, political, and spiritual orders in the development of Russian society at mega-, meso-, and microlevels. The conclusion is made about the presence of common constants in the social positions of 1993, 2001, 2008, 2014, 2022, the stable reaction of society with the designation of the main problems of high cost of living, crime, social stratification. The situation of gender communities in the periods under review is characterized by an insufficient "safety cushion", alienation from a power resource, differences in assessments of social expectations about a woman's happiness from the point of view of men and women themselves, and the presence of gender-sensitive problems for both women and men.

Physiological and psychological responses to transitions between urban built and natural environments using the cave automated virtual environment

Observational and experimental studies have illustrated that exposure to greenness is beneficial to long-term health and well-being. In the urban context, however, more evidence is needed for a better understanding of the short-term health impacts of nearby nature. To address this limitation, we investigated the dynamic influence of transitions between built and natural environments on urban residents using Cave Automated Virtual Environment (CAVE) immersive virtual reality technology. In this experiment, we filmed two pairs of 360° 8K videos of geographically adjacent built and natural environments in Boston, MA to mimic real-life environmental exposure of urban residents, and created virtual immersive stimuli with an 8K-resolution curved panoramic screen accompanied with a 7.2 Dolby Surround 360° audio system. We recruited 171 participants in a randomized crossover experiment to evaluate physiological and psychological responses to transitions between urban built and natural environments. Our psychological results indicate significant reductions in negative mood dimensions, total mood disturbance, and transient anxiety, during the transition from built to natural environments; and increases during the transition from natural to built environments. In addition, we observed participants showed more emotional responses to nature through physiological measures. Lastly, we found that contextual factors that were rarely tested in previous studies, including differential physical health conditions, underlying stress levels, formative experience with nature, and growth environments, might influence the extent of stress recovery. This study provided empirical evidence from the health perspective for promoting nearby nature in urban built environments.

Effects of participant-selected versus researcher-selected music on stress and mood – The role of gender

ObjectivePrevious research suggests differential effects of participant-selected (PS) vs. researcher-selected (RS) music on emotional responses to music listening. This study investigates whether such selection strategies, as well as gender, influence (1) stress and (2) mood responses. Additionally, we examine the role of (3) stimulus-induced emotions and (4) emotion regulation strategies. MethodsParticipants (N = 61) listened to auditory stimuli (PS music, RS music, sound of lapping water (LW); randomized) on three days and underwent a cold pressor test (CPT) while listening. Stress parameters (subjective acute stress, heart rate, parameter RMSSD, salivary alpha-amylase, salivary cortisol), mood dimensions (calmness, valence, energetic arousal), emotions, and emotion regulation strategies were measured. Multilevel and mediation analyses were conducted. Results(1) There were no direct effects of selection strategy or gender on stress responses, but interaction effects indicated that women showed the strongest subjective stress response and the longest HR recovery with PS music, while men showed the lowest HR response to the CPT with PS music. (2) No mood differences emerged between PS and RS music overall. Women showed stronger variability in calmness overall as well as perceived higher arousal when listening to PS music compared to men. (3) Higher stimulus-induced anger in men compared to women and with LW compared to PS was associated with lower calmness and valence, while no consistent pattern emerged for the stress responses. (4) Women scored higher on reappraisal, associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity, whereas men scored higher on suppression, associated with an increase in endocrine activity. ConclusionsMusic selection and gender appear to have no direct impact on stress and mood responses overall, although men tend to benefit more from self-selected music than women. Our findings provide first indications that avoiding music stimuli that induce anger may facilitate mood management via music. Furthermore, finding alternative emotion regulation strategies to the strategy of suppression may be a helpful approach to improve music-based stress management.

COVID-19 crisis management of German ICU clinicians in leadership - a metaphor analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with an already long-standing crisis in health systems around the world characterized by economic pressure and increasing staff shortage. "Crisis" became a global metaphor to convey collective experiences of the COVID-19 threat. Little is known on how crisis metaphors influence thought and speech on crisis management and the challenging staff situation of intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians in leadership positions and how they act. Therefore, we were interested in (1) which metaphorical concepts ICU clinicians in leadership use to express experiences and strategies in dealing with coinciding crises, (2) how these change over time, and (3) how metaphors in speech reveal self-images of crisis management. We conducted a systematic metaphor analysis focusing on data from three participants of a qualitative interview study with twenty-four healthcare professionals in ICUs in Germany. The participants were interviewed at two time points between April 2020 and March 2021. We identified and reconstructed metaphorical concepts of three interviewees (ICU clinicians in leadership) with regard to the pandemic management, and developed a typology based on the dimensions of mood, modus operandi, location, and scope. The typology consists of eight self-images (protagonists) for the crisis management of ICU clinicians in leadership, such as the figure of the soldier ("to unite everyone behind this flag"), the distributor ("sometimes it is a crazy patchwork [wahnsinniges Gestückel]") or the critic ("we are the fool for everything"). They embody different qualities of a leader and refer to intra- and inter-role conflicts within multiple crisis conditions. Metaphor analysis reveals different self-images of ICU leadership clinicians in relation to crisis management. This illustrates that thinking and perceptions of crisis management may strongly differ between and within leaders and may change over the course of crises. Our findings highlight the need both to improve knowledge on challenges associated with leadership in crises and preparedness, and to support clinicians in their leadership by recognizing and addressing differences and changes in leaders' self-image.

Momentary associations between sedentary bouts, cognitive load and mood in daily life: An ambulatory assessment study

ObjectivesEmpirical evidence points to sedentary behavior as a ubiquitous health-related risk factor. Given the increasing number of mental disorders, a growing body of studies now focuses on the relationship between sedentary behavior and mental health. However, momentary interactions between sedentary bouts, mood, and type of cognitive load in daily life are highly understudied. MethodsTo investigate whether sedentary bouts influence mood, we conducted an Ambulatory Assessment study in the everyday life of 103 university students over 5 days. We continuously measured sedentary behavior via accelerometers and assessed mood and type of cognitive load up to six times each day on smartphone diaries. We employed multilevel modeling to analyze the within-person effects of sedentary behavior, and cognitive load on mood. ResultsSedentary bouts (20-min intervals prior to each e-diary assessment) negatively influenced energetic arousal (p < 0.001) and valence (p = 0.023). Cognitive load (mentally active vs. mentally passive) influenced negatively energetic arousal (p < 0.001) and positively calmness (p = 0.031). Exploratory interaction analyses revealed significant differences between cognitive load and bouts of SB (interrupted vs. uninterrupted). ConclusionsThe negative association between sedentary behavior and two of three mood dimensions (i.e., valence and energetic arousal) suggests sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for mental health among healthy young adults. Additionally, the cognitive load, specifically the distinction between mentally active and mentally passive activities, is an important factor in shaping momentary mood. We strongly recommend reducing prolonged SB and recognizing the potential benefits of engaging in mentally active activities.

Participant perceptions of changes in psychosocial domains following participation in an adaptive deep brain stimulation trial

BackgroundThere has been substantial controversy in the neuroethics literature regarding the extent to which deep brain stimulation (DBS) impacts dimensions of personality, mood, and behavior.Objective/Hypothesis: Despite extensive debate in the theoretical literature, there remains a paucity of empirical data available to support or refute claims related to the psychosocial changes following DBS. MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used to examine the perspectives of patients who underwent DBS regarding changes to their personality, authenticity, autonomy, risk-taking, and overall quality of life. ResultsPatients (n = 21) who were enrolled in adaptive DBS trials for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, or dystonia participated. Qualitative data revealed that participants, in general, reported positive experiences with alterations in what was described as ‘personality, mood, and behavior changes.’ The majority of participants reported increases in quality of life. No participants reported ‘regretting the decision to undergo DBS.’ Conclusion(s)The findings from this patient sample do not support the narrative that DBS results in substantial adverse changes to dimensions of personality, mood, and behavior. Changes reported as “negative” or “undesired” were few in number, and transient in nature.

Predicting the presence of tinnitus using ecological momentary assessments

Mobile applications have gained popularity in healthcare in recent years. These applications are an increasingly important pillar of public health care, as they open up new possibilities for data collection and can lead to new insights into various diseases and disorders thanks to modern data analysis approaches. In this context, Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a commonly used research method that aims to assess phenomena with a focus on ecological validity and to help both the user and the researcher observe these phenomena over time. One phenomenon that benefits from this capability is the chronic condition tinnitus. TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) is an EMA-based mobile crowdsensing platform designed to provide more insight into tinnitus by repeatedly assessing various dimensions of tinnitus, including perception (i.e., perceived presence). Because the presence of tinnitus is the dimension that is of great importance to chronic tinnitus patients and changes over time in many tinnitus patients, we seek to predict the presence of tinnitus based on the not directly related dimensions of mood, stress level, arousal, and concentration level that are captured in TYT. In this work, we analyzed a dataset of 45,935 responses to a harmonized EMA questionnaire using different machine learning techniques. In addition, we considered five different subgroups after consultation with clinicians to further validate our results. Finally, we were able to predict the presence of tinnitus with an accuracy of up to 78% and an AUC of up to 85.7%.

0161 Structural Changes in Mood Domains During Sleep Deprivation and Recovery

Abstract Introduction Mood is known to vary as a function of sleep debt. Mood batteries often measure multiple, non-orthogonal domains. In the present study, the latent structure of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Mood (ANAM-mood) battery was assessed during five different states of alertness. We present a novel scheme to evaluate changes in the structure of such batteries across conditions. It was hypothesized that the structure would change, with the greatest changes manifest during sleep deprivation. Methods The present analyses were conducted on data from a prior sleep deprivation study (n = 25 healthy young adults). We used the identity property of MANOVA. Given correlation matrices Σi and Σj, structural invariance was defined as Σi Σj-1 ≈ I (Identity). MANOVA statistic m was the largest eigenvalue of Σi Σj-1. Resampling was used to generate m-distributions within and between the five different alertness conditions - Rested, Sleep Deprived (SD) days 1 and 2, and Recovery days 1 and 2. In addition, the relative number of mood dimensions was estimated by the odds (via resampling) of two dimensions explaining 80% of the variance of Σi compared to Σj. Results The pairwise MANOVA-statistic revealed significant structural variations across conditions (p&amp;lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). Significant differences included Rested vs SD1 and SD2. Recovery 1 showed the most pronounced differences to all conditions. Recovery 2 was like Recovery 1, but more like Rested than the prior day. The odds ratio of two-dimensions for Recovery 1 was much higher compared to all other conditions (OR: 2.4-245, p&amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion Individuals respond differently to a mood survey across specific alertness conditions resulting in structural changes to the data. Wakefulness during recovery from severe sleep loss differs most significantly from all states, contrary to our hypothesis. This is important to consider when interpreting mood changes as measured by such batteries (including related Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II) during sleep studies. Follow up studies are needed to fully assess such effects and devise methods to account for them. Support (if any) This effort was fully supported by the Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP).

The co-occurrence of manic and depressive dimensions in early psychosis: a latent transition analysis.

Frequently associated with early psychosis, depressive and manic dimensions may play an important role in its course and outcome. While manic and depressive symptoms can alternate and co-occur, most of the studies in early intervention investigated these symptoms independently. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the co-occurrence of manic and depressive dimensions, their evolution and impact on outcomes. We prospectively studied first-episode psychosis patients (N = 313) within an early intervention program over 3 years. Based on latent transition analysis, we identified sub-groups of patients with different mood profiles considering both manic and depressive dimensions, and studied their outcomes. Our results revealed six different mood profiles at program entry and after 1.5 years follow-up (absence of mood disturbance, co-occurrence, mild depressive, severe depressive, manic and hypomanic), and four after 3 years (absence of mood disturbance, co-occurrence, mild depressive and hypomanic). Patients with absence of mood disturbance at discharge had better outcomes. All patients with co-occurring symptoms at program entry remained symptomatic at discharge. Patients with mild depressive symptoms were less likely to return to premorbid functional level at discharge than the other subgroups. Patients displaying a depressive component had poorer quality of physical and psychological health at discharge. Our results confirm the major role played by mood dimensions in early psychosis, and show that profiles with co-occurring manic and depressive dimensions are at risk of poorer outcome. An accurate assessment and treatment of these dimensions in people with early psychosis is crucial.

Longitudinal Factor Structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Among Incident Cases of Schizophrenia Attending a Nigerian Hospital.

Schizophrenia, from its early conceptualization, has been described in distinct clinical subtypes. However, these categories were found not to be stable phenotypes over time, hence the dimensional option, whereas at cross-sectional level, the dimensions of psychopathology have been replicated across studies; there is dearth of data on the longitudinal stability of the factor structure of the symptoms of schizophrenia in African populations. This study examined the longitudinal stability of the factor structure of the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) across intervals of 16-week naturalistic treatment follow-up. Consecutive incident cases that fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia were recruited into the study. After a baseline assessment, 160 incident cases of schizophrenia were followed up 4 weekly for indicators of symptomatic outcome for 16 weeks. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) assessments were conducted in clinical interviews and with the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Five BPRS assessments were made across the monthly intervals of follow-up. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) using maximum likelihood extraction and varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization was used to extract the factors. A four-factor structure was found at baseline, namely negative, positive, depressive/anxiety, and manic symptom dimensions. From week 4, the manic and anxiety/depression dimensions remained invariant over time, while negative and positive symptoms merged into a psychosis dimension that was invariant. The persistence of the mood dimensions supports the DSM-5 recommendation to include these dimensions in the assessment of schizophrenia psychopathology. The longitudinal emergence and invariance of the psychosis factor echo the idea of unitary psychosis and, along with the prominence of mood dimensions over time, reflect recent molecular genetic findings about the sharing of genes by schizophrenia and mood disorders.

Food avoidance in anorexia nervosa: associated and predicting factors

PurposeQualitative food avoidance is a significant issue in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and restoring diet diversity is an important part of the treatment process. We aimed to identify clinical factors which drive food avoidance and predict its maintenance in patients with AN.MethodsIn this multicentre longitudinal study, 130 female outpatients with AN were assessed before and after 4 months of care in clinical centres specialized in AN. We assessed levels of avoidance of 16 food items, as well as body mass index (BMI), eating disorder severity, symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional state, daily-life functioning, and body image perception.ResultsWe found that qualitative food avoidance was associated with the clinical severity of AN, anxiety and mood dimensions, and BMI- and body image-related factors. A younger age at onset predicted the maintenance of food avoidance after 4 months of treatment. Additional exploratory analyses suggested that anxiety and negative affect caused food avoidance more than the opposite.ConclusionQualitative food avoidance can be an indicator of illness severity. During treatment, focusing on reducing anxiety and negative affect may be a way to indirectly reduce food avoidance and restore diet diversity.Level of evidenceLevel III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Associations between sedentary time and momentary mood in daily life are independent of contextual factors

Introduction&#x0D; First studies indicate that sedentary time relates negatively to mood in everyday life (Giurgiu et al., 2019). Less is known regarding how these relationships are moderated by contextual factors, such as social situation and environmental location, which are factors that may reinforce or mitigate the negative association between sedentary time and mood and hence may provide potential to intervene upon the negative effects of sedentary behavior. Hence, this study aimed to explore the interplay between sedentary time and contextual factors regarding momentary mood in everyday life.&#x0D; Method&#x0D; We recruited 73 university students (48% female, Mage = 21.64 ±2.52 years, MBMI = 22.88 ±2.26) to participate in an observational ambulatory assessment study. We continuously measured sedentary time and physical activity via a thigh-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Participants filled in an established momentary mood questionnaire up to ten times a day on movement-triggered e-diaries. In addition, they reported their social company (alone vs. with others) and their location (indoor vs. outdoors) during the 15 min time frame preceding the prompt. We analyzed the data using multilevel modeling.&#x0D; Results: Analyzing the 15 min prior the e-diary prompt, main effects models revealed that sedentary time was associated with decreased energetic arousal only (B = -0.57, p &lt; 0.001). Being with others compared to being alone was associated with increased valence (B = 2.96, p &lt; 0.001), energetic arousal (B = 1.93, p = 0.032), and increased calmness (B = 3.89, p &lt; 0.001). Location was unrelated to all mood dimensions. Moderation analysis did not show significant interactions between sedentary time and both the social situation and the location.&#x0D; Discussion&#x0D; Both sedentary time and social company are associated with mood in everyday life, however, in this study, these associations appear to be independent of each other. For energetic arousal, this may indicate that the mechanisms by which sedentary time influences energetic arousal is predominantly physiological (Thyfault et al., 2015), leaving little room for influence from contextual factors. While this study investigated two well-known contextual factors, future studies should expand this research to other contextual factors (e.g., noise assessment, air pollution) and apply more fine-grained objective measures of contextual factors instead of self-report, such as continuous geolocation tracking for the assessment of the environmental location or noise assessment. This may help to identify factors that mitigate the negative effects of sedentary behavior on mood and provide a basis for developing guidelines regarding sedentary behavior.&#x0D; References&#x0D; Giurgiu, M., Koch, E. D., Ottenbacher, J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Ebner‐Priemer, U. W., &amp; Reichert, M. (2019). Sedentary behavior in everyday life relates negatively to mood: An ambulatory assessment study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29(9), 1340-1351. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13448&#x0D; Thyfault, J. P., Du, M., Kraus, W. E., Levine, J. A., &amp; Booth, F. W. (2015). Physiology of sedentary behavior and its relationship to health outcomes. Medicine &amp; Science in &amp; Exercise, 47(6), 1301-1305. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000518

Live-streaming Activity and Relaxation Breaks: a (Home-)Office-Compatible Approach to Promote Break Recovery, Mood, and Attention?

The aim of this study is to investigate whether short, live-streaming activity and relaxation lunch breaks have positive associations with office workers’ mood (calmness, valence, and energetic arousal), back pain, and attention after break and whether these associations are mediated by better break recovery. Additionally, we considered the two respite interventions as resources possibly buffering the effects of elevated situational job demands. Ten-minute break exercises were conducted during lunch breaks via Zoom live-stream, and data on those days were compared with data on days on which participants spent their breaks as usual. Our sample of 34 office workers provided data for 277 work days (209 in the home office and 68 on site at the company). Multilevel path models revealed positive total associations of both respite interventions with the mood dimension of calmness. Activity breaks additionally showed a positive association with the energetic arousal dimension of mood, while relaxation breaks were positively related to objectively measured cognitive performance. Interestingly, activity breaks moderated the relationships of job demands with calmness and valence, indicating their function as a stress-buffering resource. There were no significant associations between the two respite interventions and back pain. Supplemented by participants’ feedback, the findings of this study suggest that offering short virtually guided break exercises may represent a feasible and office-compatible approach to promote break recovery, mood and functionality at work, especially regarding home-office work. Possible advantages and disadvantages of the live-streaming format are discussed.