Montmorillonite Research Articles

Chlorophyll-Amended Organoclays for the Detoxification of Ochratoxin A

Climate change has been associated with outbreaks of mycotoxicosis following periods of drought, enhanced fungal growth, and increased exposure to mycotoxins. For detoxification, the inclusion of clay-based materials in food and drinking water has resulted in a very promising strategy to reduce mycotoxin exposure. In this strategy, mycotoxins are tightly sorbed to high-affinity clay particles in the gastrointestinal tract, thus decreasing bioavailability, uptake to blood, and potential toxicity. This study investigated the ability of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin-amended montmorillonite clays to decrease the toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA). The sorption mechanisms of OTA binding to surfaces of sorbents, as well as binding parameters such as capacity, affinity, enthalpy, and free energy, were examined. Chlorophyll-amended organoclay (CMCH) demonstrated the highest binding (72%) and was better than the chlorophyllin-amended hydrophilic clay (59%), possibly due to the hydrophobicity of OTA (LogP 4.7). In silico studies using molecular dynamics simulations showed that CMCH improves OTA binding in comparison to parent clay in line with experiments. Simulations depicted that chlorophyll amendments on clay facilitated OTA molecules binding both directly, through enhancing OTA binding on the clay, or predominantly indirectly, through OTA molecules interacting with bound chlorophyll amendments. Simulations uncovered the key role of calcium ions in OTA binding, particularly in neutral conditions, and demonstrated that CMCH binding to OTA is enhanced under both neutral and acidic conditions. Furthermore, the protection of various sorbents against OTA-induced toxicity was carried out using two living organisms (Hydra vulgaris and Caenorhabditis elegans) which are susceptible to OTA toxicity. This study showed the significant detoxification of OTA (33% to 100%) by inclusion of sorbents. Organoclay (CMCH) at 0.5% offered complete protection. These findings suggest that the chlorophyll-amended organoclays described in this study could be included in food and feed as OTA binders and as potential filter materials for water and beverages to protect against OTA contaminants during outbreaks and emergencies.

N/S‐codoped Nickel oxide supported on activated Montmorillonite clay as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

Developing low‐cost, highly effective, and durable electrocatalysts for complete water splitting (OER/HER) is crucial for future energy provision. Herein, we report N/S‐codoped Nickel oxide supported on activated Montmorillonite clay as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water electrolysis. The different wt% of Ni‐MMT catalysts were synthesized using an effortless one‐step solvothermal method and their phase recognition, morphology, analysis of elements, and electrochemical performance were confirmed by various characterization techniques. The optimal 10 Ni‐MMT catalyst exhibits outstanding efficiency in both HER (170 mV) and OER (365 mV) at a current density of 10 mAcm‐2 in 1M KOH. Furthermore, doping of N/S heteroatoms increases the active sites for HER/OER, facilitates charge transfer and achieves electrochemical stability of 15 h. The Ni‐MMT catalyst achieved an overall water‐splitting performance in 1M KOH, reaching 10 mAcm‐2 at a cell voltage of 1.82 V.

Atomistic origin of montmorillonite clay subjected to freeze-thaw hysteresis

The freeze-thaw cycles of frozen soil could significantly affect its thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) properties, causing the frost heaving and thawing settlement. The microscale essence is the water-ice phase transition, but the microscale details are still poorly understood, especially at ultra-low temperatures. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods were performed to explore the freeze-thaw behaviors of montmorillonite clay under temperature of 210 - 293 K. Then, the water-ice phase transition, freeze-thaw hysteresis, ice nucleation mechanism, and surface effect of clay at an atomistic level were discussed. A classification method of different types of unfrozen water through NMR experiment was proposed, including bulk, capillary, and bound water. Here, it is found that: (1) the freeze-thaw process of frozen soil at the macroscale was essentially the occurrence of ice-water phase transition at the microscale. (2) The freeze-thaw hysteresis was caused by different growth and melting rates of ice crystals, where the ice growth/nucleation on clay surface was more difficult to develop. (3) The surface effect of clay was essential for the ice nucleation and the existence of bound water. For example, little unfrozen water still existed in unfrozen soil even at 213 K. (4) For unsaturated frozen soil, the quasi-liquid water was an essential component of unfrozen water that cannot be ignored. This work could provide an atomistic insight to unravel the atomistic origin of the freeze-thaw mechanism of montmorillonite clay and complement relevant experimental evidence.

New solid phase microextraction fibers with green clay coating via radio frequency magnetron sputtering for detecting low-polar compounds in water samples

BackgroundDeveloping highly sensitive and selective measurement techniques to detect trace compounds in diverse matrices is a significant challenge in analytical chemistry. These techniques must adhere to green chemistry principles by minimizing organic solvent use, simplifying sample preparation, and streamlining process steps. Additionally, there is a growing need for sustainable analytical methods due to increased environmental awareness. The problem addressed in this work is the need for an eco-friendly and efficient method for the extraction and detection of trace organochlorine pesticides in water samples. ResultsWe employed SPME using a novel clay thin film sorbent, deposited on a nickel-titanium alloy wire via magnetron sputtering. Montmorillonite clay was chosen for its excellent adsorption properties and eco-friendly nature, aligning with green chemistry principles. The approach involved coating the SPME fiber with hydrophobic modified montmorillonite clay, followed by silylation. The method was tested for extracting 12 model organochlorine pesticides, including BHC, lindane, and DDT, demonstrating high isolation efficiency. The coated thin film and its silylation modification were characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, confirming the successful creation of a new adsorbent phase. The direct immersion SPME approach achieved relative recoveries ranging from 65 % to 99 %, with reproducibility (RSD) below 6 %. This method provided low detection limits (10–15 ng L−1) and quantitation limits (32–50 ng L−1). SignificanceOur approach offers an eco-friendly, highly efficient solution for the extraction and detection of trace organochlorine pesticides. The significant improvement in recovery rates and reproducibility, combined with low detection and quantitation limits, underscores the potential of this method to enhance analytical practices in environmental monitoring and public health. Furthermore, the use of sustainable materials and processes aligns with global efforts to reduce environmental impact in analytical chemistry.

Nacre-Inspired Nanocomposites from Natural Polypeptide ε-Poly-l-Lysine and Natural Clay Montmorillonite: Remarkable Reinforcing Effect at Low Polymer Content and Its Mechanism.

Nanocomposites composed of the cationic polypeptide ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and natural sodium montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared and evaluated. These MMT/ε-PL composites formed highly ordered nanostructures resembling natural nacreous layers by a simple process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed that a small amount of ε-PL remarkably enhanced the MMT orientation in the composites. This MMT orientation-enhancing effect of ε-PL was more pronounced than that of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which is one of the most popular ingredients of MMT-based composites. The orientation enhancement provided by ε-PL was primarily driven by ionic interactions and responsible for high mechanical properties at low polymer content. This remarkable reinforcing effect of ε-PL on MMT at a low polymer content will help to develop high-performance and sustainable nacreous composites. In addition, it improves our understanding of the reinforcing mechanism of natural nacre, which exhibits excellent mechanical properties even with relatively small amounts of organic component.

Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic PCL-PEG-PCL/Maghnite nanocomposites: a novel gel for antimicrobial and wound healing applications

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of an amphiphilic nanocomposite composed of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL) and modified Maghnite (Algerian montmorillonite clay), referred to as PCL-PEG-PCL/Maghnite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via in-situ copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and polyethylene glycol, in the presence of intercalated Maghnite modified with tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBHSA). A variety of characterization techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the structural properties of the resulting nanocomposite. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity assessment of the nanocomposites demonstrated their effectiveness against all the bacterial strains tested. Besides, the nanocomposite 10% demonstrated promising results as a gel for wound healing, confirming its effectiveness in promoting tissue regeneration and wound closure.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of a Model Plastic Mixture with a Montmorillonite Clay Catalyst and Upgrading via Distillation

Catalytic Pyrolysis of a Model Plastic Mixture with a Montmorillonite Clay Catalyst and Upgrading via Distillation

Highly dispersed Ni-Ce catalyst over clay montmorillonite K10 in low-temperature CO2 methanation

The Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) option can be an efficient solution for CO2 emission mitigation. To this end, we have investigated the carbon dioxide methanation at low temperatures. Highly active, selective, stable, low-cost catalysts are required for energy and carbon balance benefits. Supported nickel-based catalysts result as the most studied and promising candidates showing a good compromise between performance and low preparation costs. The catalyst design role is key to obtaining the best performance, requiring many experiments and optimisation procedures. Herein, the enhanced Montmorillonite MK10-supported Ni(0)Ce(III) catalyst, prepared by consecutive hydrothermal and electrostatic adsorption methods followed by reduction under hydrogen flow, was used in batch CO2 methanation, exhibiting 76 % of CO2 conversion with 100 % CH4 selectivity after 3 h. The catalytic system reveals very high robustness preserving the same activity and selectivity for at least 5 reaction cycles if compared with γ-Al2O3-supported Ni(0)Ce(III) catalyst, the latter showing the same activity but only in the first cycle. EDX, XPS, SEM, TPD, TPR, and BET characterisation techniques were used to elucidate and evaluate the potential synergistic effect of the active metal centre-promoter-support interfaces, highlighting their role in the activity and robustness of the catalyst, comparing the same effect using different alumina and silicate solid supports. The effects of the reaction conditions on the methane yield and selectivity were also evaluated.

Modeling Realistic Clay Systems with ClayCode.

Clays are a broad class of ubiquitous layered materials. Their specific chemophysical properties are intimately connected to their molecular structure, featuring repeating patterns broken by substitutions. Molecular dynamics simulations can provide insight into the mechanisms leading to the emergent properties of these layered materials; however, up to now, idealized clay structures have been simulated to make the modeling process tractable. We present ClayCode, a software facilitating the modeling of clay systems closely resembling experimentally determined structures. By comparing a realistic model to a commonly used montmorillonite clay model, we demonstrate that idealized models feature noticeably different ionic adsorption patterns. We then present an application of ClayCode to the study the competitive barium and sodium adsorption on Wyoming montmorillonite, Georgia kaolinite, and Montana Illite, of interest in the context of nuclear waste disposal.

Synthesis of Montmorillonite-Silica Nanocomposite Using Millet Husk and Montmorillonite Clay and Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Congo Red Dye Adsorption

Dyes are substances that, when applied to a substrate provides color by a process that alters, at least temporarily, any crystal structure of the colored substances The discharge of these effluents into the receiving environments results in hazardous health problems as most of these dyes have carcinogenic effects on the living organisms. Generally, dyes are classified into three categories: a) anionic: direct, acid, and reactive dyes; b) cationic: basic dyes; and c) non-ionic: disperse dyes. The chromophores in anionic and non-ionic dyes mostly consist of azo groups or anthraquinone types. However, Congo red, are difficult to biodegrade due to their complex aromatic structures, which provide them with physico-chemical, thermal, and optical stability. This study is aimed at synthesizing Montmorillonite-silica nanocomposite, a cost effective adsorbent from millet husk and Montmorillonite-clay with the determination of its optimum adsorption parameters for Congo Red Dye adsorption. Here, synthesis of Montmorillonite-silica nanocomposite and optimization parameters were carried out using standard procedures. The unbiased result demonstrated that the percentage yield was found to be 94.51 %. The optimum adsorption parameters studied were adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH and Kinetics studies. The optimum adsorption parameters were found to be 8.0 g/L, 2.0 mg/L, 8 and 30 minutes, respectively. Hence, the synthesized Montmorillonite-silica nanocomposite obtained from montmorillonite clay and millet husk ash can serve as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red Dye from waste waters.

A cationic polyelectrolyte for enhancing dewatering of montmorillonite-containing coal slime: adsorption and modification mechanism

ABSTRACT In this study, a cationic polyelectrolyte (Poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, PDADMAC) was introduced as a filter aid to enhance the dewatering effect of montmorillonite (MT)-containing coal slime, and compared with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM). The dewatering performance of PDADMAC and CPAM was evaluated based on vacuum filtration experiments. The modification mechanism of PDADMAC on Mt particle surface was revealed by filter cake pore distribution, zeta potential, contact angle and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The adsorption difference between PDADMAC and CPAM on Mt surface was studied by Density Functional Theory (DFT). In addition, DLVO theory further explains the mechanism of PDADMAC enhancing dewatering from the perspective of interaction force. The optimal dosage of PDADMAC was 125 g/t, and the filter cake moisture content was reduced by 3%. Compared to CPAM, PDADMAC achieves efficient dewatering at a lower dosage. PDADMAC has a more prominent ability to neutralize charge, and its effect on interparticle interactions was a potential mechanism to promote dehydration.

Development of free flowing granular hybrid functionalized clay sorbent filters for chromium removal from waste water

Chromium (VI) contamination in water resources at industrial sites poses significant environmental and health risks. Conventional sorbents often suffer from limitations such as clogging, back pressure, poor kinetics, and challenges in coupling with flow systems and regeneration. This study focuses on developing, characterizing, and applying free-flowing granular (FFG) amidoxime-functionalized montmorillonite (Mt) clay sorbents (AO-Mt-H-C) to enhance chromium (VI) removal from contaminated waste water. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that AO-Mt-H-C outperformed montmorillonite clay modified with quaternary ammonium alone (Mt-H-C), achieving a Cr (VI) removal efficiency of 50.6 mg g−1 compared to 44.3 mg g−1, due to the synergistic interactions of quaternary ammonium and amidoxime functionalities. To address the limitations of conventional sorbents, such as clogging and poor kinetics, an FFG filter column was developed and tested, showing effective Cr (VI) removal across various water sources with minimal interference in drinking and groundwater. In industrial wastewater with higher matrix loads, over 99 % removal efficiency was achieved with a 25 % increase in sorbent dosage. Desorption and reusability assessments confirmed the AO-Mt-H-C's effectiveness across three cycles. Mathematical modelling using Thomas and Yoon–Nelson equations supported the design of customized treatment systems. Scalability was demonstrated by treating 1.6 m3 of textile industrial effluents (100 mg L−1 Cr (VI)) with quantitative removal efficiency (>99.5 %). This study illustrates that the hybrid functionalization and free-flowing granulation of clay sorbent materials significantly enhance Cr (VI) removal, providing valuable insights for advanced water pollution mitigation and environmental sustainability.

Tailored nano clay blends for enhanced dye mixture adsorption in wastewater treatment

Natural clays are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and industrially acceptable adsorbents employed in wastewater treatment. Textile effluents contains mixture of dyes where a single adsorbent often fails to treat completely. Herein, the simplest strategy for the efficient treatment of effluent with multicomponent pollutants using an tailored blend of two clay minerals has been presented. This strategy was studied using a binary blend of halloysite and montmorillonite clays (HAMT) to remove a mixture of industrial dyes, reactive Black-B (BB) and methyl red (MR) from the model effluent. Here, halloysite (HA) and montmorillonite (MT) selectively adorbs reactive black-B and methyl red respectively and could not completely treat model effluent individually whereas HAMT blend proved to be most effective. HAMT blend was prepared by convenient ultra-sonication assisted solution process and characterized using the various analytical techniques such as FT-IR, DR-UV spectra, XRD and SEM to determine structural, morphological features. Adsorption of model effluent studied as a function of pH, time, adsorbent loading and adsorbate concentration. The dye removal efficiency was remarkably enhanced when the HAMT blend was used according to the concentration of dyes present in the model effluent. The maximum dye removal efficiency was attained using HAMT (1:1) blend for effluent with an equimolar concentration of selected dyes. Similarly, HAMT (2:1) found suitable for the treatment of real textile effluent collected from local textile industries based on its assessment. This study aids in the development of a tailored adsorbent blend using conventional adsorbents for complex effluent treatment in a cost-effective way, eliminating the need for specialized materials.

Electrochemical Performance of Ti Gr. 2 as Electrodes in Contact with Saline Suspension of Clays during the Electroflotation Process

The presence of clays in copper minerals has a significant negative impact during their processing, leading to low recoveries during the flotation process. In saline environments, the presence of these clays promotes operational problems associated with salinity, leading to decreases in the copper concentrate grade, alterations in the rheology of the mineral pulp, reduction in the selectivity of copper during the flotation process, declines in the quality of clarified water, and excessive corrosion of metallic components. This study explores the electroflotation of kaolinite and montmorillonite clays in NaCl solutions using a modified Hallimond tube coupled with Ti Gr. 2 electrodes for bubble generation via water electrolysis and the corrosion analysis of these electrodes applying the superposition model. The electroflotation results show recovery of clays close to 72.68% for kaolinite, 88.44% for montmorillonite, and 67.36% for a mixture of both clays. The presence of clays helps reduce the corrosive effects of Ti Gr. 2 from 0.069 A/m2 in NaCl to 0.0073 A/m2 in NaCl with montmorillonite clay.

Extract of Papaver Rhoeas for Daylight Imaging of Latent Fingerprints

AbstractThe extraction of natural red dye (PR) from the flower Papaver rhoeas (common poppy) and its adsorption on montmorillonite clay (PR@MM) was reported. The powder PR@MM was used for the development and visualization of LFPs taken on common household, nonporous, and colored surfaces in daylight using powder dusting method without any pre‐ or posttreatment and equipment. The information of level 1 (ridge classification) and level 2 (minutiae details) from the fingerprint can be obtained using PR@MM powder.

Performance study of phenol sequestration from agricultural wastewater by chemical activated Montmorillonite

Agricultural by-products possess potential as cost-effective adsorbents for the remediation of phenolic contaminants in environmentally treated wastewater. This research focuses on the utilization of Algerian montmorillonite clay, specifically modified montmorillonite (Mo-5N), treated with 5N hydrochloric acid (HCl), compared to its untreated form (Mo-0N), for phenol sequestration from pesticide-laden waters. We employed various analytical techniques, such as chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to characterize these adsorbents. The adsorption behavior was scrutinized under varying conditions, including pH, contact time, phenol concentration, and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacities achieved were 119.12 mg/g for Mo-5N and 100.89 mg/g for Mo-0N under optimal conditions of pH 5.72, a contact time of 120 minutes, and a temperature of 40°C. The kinetics of adsorption were best described by the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, while the Freundlich isotherm model aptly described the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the phenol removal process using both forms of montmorillonite is spontaneous and endothermic. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Algerian montmorillonite clay in the removal of phenolic pesticides from agricultural wastewater.

Model study on potential removal of toxic Se(VI) by organically modified montmorillonite

The theoretical DFT-D3 approach was used in the model study of the immobilisation of the toxic selenate oxyanion, with montmorillonite clay modified by poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) polymer represented by a pentamer unit, and tetrabutylphosphonium cation. The calculated basal spacing for Se-POx-Mt and Se-TBP-Mt models provided similar results differing by 0.2 Å (18.3 Å for Se-POx-Mt and/or 18.5 Å for Se-TBP-Mt, respectively). The calculated intercalation energy, ΔEint, showed a suitability of both modified Mts for trapping of (SeO4)2– oxyanions favouring the Se-TBP-Mt (–210.7 kJ/mol) system compared to Se-POx-Mt (–124.5 kJ/mol). The main interactions in both models were classified as hydrogen bonds of weak (CH···O) and moderate-to-strong (OH···O) strength. The calculated total and projected vibrational density of states of the Se-POx-Mt and Se‑TBP‑Mt models, obtained from the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, were used for distinct identification of vibrational modes of the intercalated (SeO4)2– ion in the interlayer space of both models.

Composite Sand–Clay Infrastructural Soil Fills: Characteristic Consolidation and Hydraulic Properties

In the design construction of infrastructural projects comprised of geotechnical applications, including composite soil fill layers, compacted sand-clay soil fills are widely preferred as barrier layers, particularly in solid waste landfills, to minimize leakage, to prevent leachate from entering into groundwater. When bentonite clay with high water absorption capacity and low hydraulic conductivity is mixed with sand possessing relatively enhanced frictional properties, greater shear strength capacity, an effective fill material exhibiting low sensitivity to frost, and low volume change in case of wetting, drying can be obtained. On the other hand, when montmorillonite clay is loaded, due to highly critical volumetric contraction or dilation characteristics (high compressibility nature of clay), the soil fill composed of sand-clay will significantly consolidate. This situation may cause differential settlement problems of infrastructural fills employed in geotechnical applications. In this regard, the load conditions (mechanical effects) and the environmental conditions (physicochemical effects) in the field control compressibility characteristics and consolidation properties of sand-bentonite clay mixtures. This will ultimately impact the desired stability conditions of sand-clay soil layers built for constructed infrastructural fill, resulting in a deviation from anticipated performance conditions. To this end, in this study, the specimens of sand-bentonite clay mixtures prepared with different contents of sand-bentonite clay were subjected to one-dimensional consolidation tests to investigate the effect of bentonite content used in the mixture on consolidation behavior, hydraulic properties, and effect of sand amount on rate of consolidation and on resulting compressive strength behavior.

Multi-objective optimization of micro crystalline cellulose and montmorillonite filled poly lactic acid bio–composite and its characterizations

In this research study, the synthesis of poly lactic acid (PLA) based bio composite material factors contributions were investigated through the Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA) technique. Effects of micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) and montmorillonite (MTT) nano clay filler, sorbitol (S) plasticizer, and temperature (T) operating factor on the PLA matrix through melt-mixing preparation method. The tensile strength (TS), Young modulus (YM), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), hardness, impact strength (IS), water absorption (WA), and density properties of bio composite material were investigated for each experimental setup (orthogonal array, L16). Additionally, neat PLA and optimal sample structural, thermal, and morphological properties were examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (X-RD), thermal gravimetry analysis/differential thermal gravimetry (TGA/DTG), and DSC and SEM analyses. The obtained result for optimal mechanical and physical properties of MCC/MTT/S/PLA bio composite was MCC at level 3 (6%), MTT at level 4 (9%), S at level 2 (10%), and T at level 4 (175 °C). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that MTT has the greatest significant effect on mechanical and physical properties of MCC/MTT/S/PLA bio composite followed by MCC, T, and S. The confirmation test indicates that the improvement of weighted grey relational grade (GRG) from 0.7896 to 0.846 and the FTIR, XRD, thermal gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicates that the good interaction between PLA and fillers, improvement of thermal and morphological properties of optimal (6MCC/9MTT/10S/175 °C) bio composite samples. Therefore, the multi-response characteristics of MCC/MTT/S/PLA bio composite can be highly improved by this technique.

Methods for Fabrication of Self/Free Standing Nanocellulose (NC)-Nano Montmorillonite (N-MMT) Composite Films/Sheets — A Review

Plastic pollution looms large as a formidable foe to the environment. Enter cellulose nanofibers, the shining stars in the quest for innovative, eco-friendly paper-based packaging that is not just renewable, but also recyclable and biodegradable. These cellulose wonders boast impressively low oxygen permeability, but when it comes to water vapor, they fall short compared to traditional packaging plastics like LDPE. To tackle this challenge, researchers have been crafting composites by blending cellulose nanofibers with inorganic nanoparticles, such as Montmorillonite clay, which helps to curb water vapor permeability. However, this clever addition comes with a catch — it further complicates the already tricky drainage process during layer formation via vacuum filtration. This review delves into the complex world of nano cellulose-nano-MMT (Montmorillonite) composites, examining their preparation processes, unique characteristics, wide-ranging uses, and their significant contribution to promoting circular economy principles. By combining cellulose nanomaterials with MMT, a synergistic approach is taken to develop a new composite material with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. Various fabrication techniques are explored, including solution blending, in-situ polymerization, and electrospinning, allowing for customized design and optimization of the composite material. The review discusses how the nano cellulose-MMT composite demonstrates enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and barrier properties, positioning it as a sustainable option compared to traditional materials. The review also showcases the diverse applications of these nano-composites in fields like packaging, biomedical devices, and environmental cleanup, emphasizing their alignment with circular economy principles. By examining the entire life cycle of these composites, from production to use and eventual disposal or recycling, the review underscores their role in supporting a circular economy. In light of the ongoing efforts by the scientific community and various industries to identify environmentally sustainable solutions, it is imperative to comprehend the synthesis, properties, and applications of nano cellulose-MMT composites. This understanding is essential for advancing sustainable processing for green material development.