Months Of Active Orthodontic Treatment Research Articles

A RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL APICAL ROOT RESORPTION (EARR) OF MAXILLARY INCISORS AFTER 6 MONTHS OF INITIATION OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE THERAPY

Consequences of External apical root resorption (EARR) range from slight tooth mobility due to mild amounts of root resorption to complete loss of teeth due to excessive root resorption. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of EARR that might occur on the 4 maxillary incisor teeth while using the MBT system and to evaluate its clinical signicance during a 6-month period of active treatment. In addition, the contribution of gender, and how extraction and non-extraction of premolars is related to maxillary incisor EARR was examined. A sample of 40 patients between 12 -20 years of both genders reporting to the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics of KD Dental College was selected for this study. The amount of EARR for the 160 teeth was examined. There was no statistically signicance difference (p>0.05) found between change in root length of Maxillary right Central incisor, Maxillary right lateral incisor, Maxillary left central incisor and Maxillary left lateral incisor. There was no statistically signicant difference was found among male and female with EARR and there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) found in external apical root resorption among participants with premolar extraction and without premolar extraction. This study concludes that all the maxillary incisors in this investigation did not show any kind signicant EARR after the follow-up period of 6months of active orthodontic treatment with MBT treatment techniques, no signicant changes in EARR was observed when comparison was made for gender and also for treatment where premolar extraction was done.

Non-Surgical Approach to Correct Skeletal Open-Bite Malocclusion in an Adult Patient Using Third Molar Intrusion Mechanics: A Clinical Case Report

AbstractParadigm is shifting in the orthodontic world with the introduction of mini screw type of temporary anchorage devices (TADs). This clinical report shows treatment and 3-year retention results of nonsurgical and extraction treatment in a 34-year-old female patient treated with maxillary molar intrusion mechanics and habit control. After 24 months of active orthodontic treatment, splendid outcomes were achieved. She presented with a chief complaint of problems in biting from her front teeth. She has a Class II skeletal and dental relationship with increased vertical proportions. Control of vertical dimension and producing autorotation of mandible were the key reasons to reduce facial convexity and improvement in profile. Treatment effects of 5 degrees of autorotation of mandible and 4 mm of maxillary molar intrusion were produced to correct pre-treatment anterior open bite of 5 mm. Based on available clinical evidence, we suggest that TADs with composite buttons on molars can be used as a valuable tool to intrude molars including wisdom teeth, and help correct the skeletal open-bite with good control without buccal tipping.

Orthodontic Treatment for a Child with Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor during Infancy: A Case Report

Background: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a very rare tumor, and case reports of orthodontic treatment for patients with MNTI may be previously unreported. This article describes the orthodontic treatment for a 7-year-old girl with MNTI in the mandible. Case: Her chief complaint was anterior crossbite. Although she had an MNTI diagnosis at the age of 8 months, it remained subclinical. Therefore, she has been regularly followed-up by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging without aggressive treatment. We had worried about the stimulation of MNTI on the mandible by changing her occlusal position with orthodontic treatment. Therefore, we sufficiently explained to her and her family that orthodontic treatment was at risk for worsening MNTI. However, they desired treatment that consisted of maxillary protraction and slow expansion to correct anterior crossbite and encourage the permanent tooth eruption. After 19 months of active orthodontic treatment, the anterior crossbite was improved, and the eruption of permanent teeth made good progress. No evidence of progression and exacerbation of MNTI has been found by both CT and MR imaging. As the observation period is still short, we need a careful and long-term follow-up of her occlusion and MNTI. Furthermore, when we encounter rare cases without previous experience and reports, informed consent was of particular importance.

THE EFFECTIVNESS OF CHRONIC GINGIVITES TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC APPARATUS ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES INDEX ASSESSMENT

Background. The risk of chronic gingivitis is increased in patients who undergo orthodontic treatment. It is known that the gingivitis is closely correlated with the level of hygiene.Objective. The study involved 123 orthodontic patients with chronic catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis that developed during the first two months of active orthodontic treatment. We chose VITIS ORTНODONTIС (DENTAID INTERNATIONAL, Spain) that contains active ingredients we need to support healthy state of oral cavity. All studied patients were 12-15 years old.Methods. For dental examination we used health indices OHI-S according to Greene-Vermillion (1964). Gums bleeding was determined according to a modified SBI index by Muhlemann (1971), inflammation of the gingival margin was assessed by PMA index Parma (1960).Results. Therapeutic treatment consisted of the following: all patients underwent correction of oral hygiene, removal of dental plaque. Vitis ORTHODONTIC was prescribed due to the manufacturer's recommendations: rinse 15 ml for 30 seconds after normal procedures of oral hygiene. Eating or drinking is not recommended during the next 30 minutes after using this product. The results proved a high anti-inflammatory efficacy of the treatment schemes.Conclusions. The complex therapy of early manifestations of inflammation in periodontal had a positive effect on the subjective feelings of patients and health performance rate, gum inflammation and bleeding.

Does Orthodontic Treatment Affect the Alveolar Bone Density?

Few studies involving human participants have been conducted to investigate the effect of orthodontic treatment on alveolar bone density around the teeth. Our previous study revealed that patients who received 6 months of active orthodontic treatment exhibited an ∼24% decrease in alveolar bone density around the teeth. However, after an extensive retention period following orthodontic treatment, whether the bone density around the teeth can recover to its original state from before the treatment remains unclear, thus warranting further investigation.The purpose of this study was to assess the bone density changes around the teeth before, during, and after orthodontic treatment.Dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure the changes in bone density around 6 teeth in the anterior maxilla (maxilla central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines) of 8 patients before and after orthodontic treatment. Each patient underwent 3 dental CBCT scans: before treatment (T0); at the end of 7 months of active orthodontic treatment (T1); after several months (20–22 months) of retention (T2). The Friedman test was applied to evaluate the changes in the alveolar bone density around the teeth according to the 3 dental CBCT scans.From T0 to T1, a significant reduction in bone density was observed around the teeth (23.36 ± 10.33%); by contrast, a significant increase was observed from T1 to T2 (31.81 ± 23.80%). From the perspective of the overall orthodontic treatment, comparing the T0 and T2 scans revealed that the bone density around the teeth was relatively constant (a reduction of only 0.75 ± 19.85%). The results of the statistical test also confirmed that the difference in bone density between T0 and T2 was nonsignificant.During orthodontic tooth movement, the alveolar bone density around the teeth was reduced. However, after a period of bone recovery, the reduced bone density recovered to its previous state from before the orthodontic treatment. However, the bone density around ∼10% of the teeth in this region could not recover to 80% of its state from before the orthodontic treatment.

Clinical application of a 3-dimensional morphometric apparatus for diagnosis and treatment of a Class III patient with facial asymmetry: A pilot study

This article demonstrated the usefulness of a non-contact 3-dimensional (3D) morphometric apparatus in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment evaluation. A female patient, 23 years 6 months of age, had a Class III malocclusion with mandibular deviation. The 3D images taken by a 3D morphometric apparatus figured out her protrusive chin of 6mm on the deviation side compared to the non-deviation side, and showed a possibility of orthognathic surgery. Before starting of orthodontic treatment, a diagnostic splint was used for 2 months to determine her proper mandibular position. The 3D images retaken for quantitative evaluation showed decrease of the mandibular protrusion by approximately 3mm, and improvement of facial asymmetry. Then, we decided to treat the patient without orthognathic surgery. After 18 months of active orthodontic treatment with miniscrew anchorage, the mandibular deviation was improved and an acceptable occlusion was achieved. The 3D images at posttreatment demonstrated significant decrease of chin protrusion on the deviation side, and improvement of facial asymmetry. In conclusion, a 3D morphometric apparatus could provide quantitative data of facial asymmetry and chin protrusion and contributed decision making process of treatment planning in a patient with facial asymmetry.

A patient with protrusion and multiple missing teeth treated with autotransplantation and space closure

To present a patient treated with submerging autotransplantation (SA) of an immature premolar and subsequent orthodontic space closure (OSC) and to report a 10-year follow-up result. A 10-year-old boy had multiple missing premolars with an asymmetric pattern (maxillary right first and second premolars, teeth 14 and 15; maxillary left second premolar, tooth 25; and mandibular right second premolar, tooth 45). After considering several treatment options, tooth 35 with immature root development underwent SA into the missing site of tooth 15 at a depth 5 mm below the occlusal plane and was stabilized with sutures to create a symmetric missing condition of the premolars in the four quadrants. Three months after autotransplantation, spontaneous eruption of the transplanted tooth was observed. Nine months after autotransplantation, presence of the lamina dura of the transplanted tooth was confirmed with a periapical radiograph. Active orthodontic treatment was initiated to reduce lip protrusion by closing the missing spaces of teeth 14, 25, 35, and 45 and to correct dental midline deviation. After 33 months of active orthodontic treatment, Class I canine and molar relationships were obtained. During the 10-year follow-up, the pulp vitality of the transplanted tooth was maintained without any pathologic findings, including root resorption or pulp canal obliteration. In a patient with lip protrusion and multiple congenitally missing premolars with an asymmetric pattern, SA of one premolar from the normal quadrant into the quadrant missing two premolars with subsequent OSC of the missing sites of the other premolars can be an effective treatment modality.

Long-term stability of conservative orthodontic treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and severe condylar resorption

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can result in progressive destruction of the articular surfaces of the joints, including the temporomandibular joint. The purpose of this article is to report the conservative correction of a Class II malocclusion in a woman with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient was 32 years 6 months old at the start of treatment. She had a convex profile and a skeletal Class II jaw-base relationship caused by severe condylar resorption. An anterior open bite of -2.0 mm and an excessive overjet of 10.0 mm were observed. Severe crowding was shown in the mandibular incisors. After 8 months of splint therapy, all first premolars were extracted, and 0.018-in preadjusted edgewise appliances were placed in both arches. Class II elastics were used during space closure. After 41 months of active orthodontic treatment, an acceptable occlusion was achieved, and the facial profile was considerably improved. From the cephalometric evaluations, the mandible was rotated counterclockwise, and the mandibular plane angle was significantly decreased. However, the anteroposterior position of the chin was not changed. The condylar resorption was not changed during and after orthodontic treatment. Conclusively, the proper facial profile was maintained, and the occlusion was stable after a 5-year retention period. Our results suggest the possibility of compromised treatment in a Class II malocclusion with an anterior open bite because of rheumatoid arthritis.

Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and the relation to risk factors

To investigate root resorption after 6 months of active orthodontic treatment and its relation to possible risk factors. Ninety-seven patients (10-18 years) with a Class I malocclusion and crowding treated with fixed appliance and premolar extractions were examined with cone beam computed tomography before and after 6 months of active treatment. The exposure covered all teeth from first molar to first molar in both jaws. The Malmgren index was used to evaluate the degree of root resorption. Irregular root contour (score 1) was seen in most teeth already before active treatment, and therefore resorptions were registered only as score 2 (<2 mm, minor resorption) or higher. Minor root resorption was noted in 10% of the patients and severe root resorption, >2 mm (score 3) was found in four patients. Root resorption was more frequently seen in the upper jaw, especially the incisors. There was no statistically significant correlation of root resorption with any of the selected risk factors. After 6 months of treatment, clinically significant resorption was diagnosed in 4% of the patients, ie, in 96% of the patients the radiographic examination did not reveal any significant information. The selected risk factors did not have any impact on the amount of resorption after 6 months of active treatment.

Surgical and orthodontic treatment of an impacted permanent incisor: case report

This case report presented a combined surgical/orthodontic treatment of an impacted permanent incisor of a 10-year-old boy. Trauma to the primary dentition caused the impaction of the maxillary left permanent central incisor. Application of push coil spring between the adjacent teeth created space for the impacted tooth. A button with an extension of ligature wire was bonded to the maxillary left permanent central incisor to bring it into the arch. The maxillary left permanent central incisor was brought to its proper position after 16 months of active orthodontic treatment.