Monthly Visitors Research Articles

Analysis of temporal evolution of tourist visits to the Morón de la Frontera region (Spain). Two possible explanatory variables of this evolution

The municipality of Morón de la Frontera located in the province of Seville (Spain) has been promoting tourist visits in recent years, measured through the number of visitors, as another public and private income source. This number, considered at a monthly or annual level, is a good indicator of the tourist evolution of the municipality and, for this reason, in this work, it is chosen as an objective variable, in the sense of trying to explain it from nearby variables. Then, for the said variable, we carry out a TRAMO analysis, reflecting its trend and showing its seasonality. Also, a regression analysis with the objective variable explained by the time series measures the number of monthly visitors to the province of Seville, resulting in a positive and significant correlation of 0.4914 between both series. And, finally, a regression analysis where the objective variable, this time measured at an annual level, is explained by the GDP of the province of Seville, showing a positive and significant correlation, 0.489.

Using cellular device location data to estimate visitation to public lands: Comparing device location data to U.S. National Park Service's visitor use statistics.

Understanding human use of public lands is essential for management of natural and cultural resources. However, compiling consistently reliable visitation data across large spatial and temporal scales and across different land managing entities is challenging. Cellular device locations have been demonstrated as a source to map human activity patterns and may offer a viable solution to overcome some of the challenges that traditional on-the-ground visitation counts face on public lands. Yet, large-scale applicability of human mobility data derived from cell phone device locations for estimating visitation counts to public lands remains unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the efficacy and limitations of using commercially available cellular data to estimate visitation to public lands. We used the United States' National Park Service's (NPS) 2018 and 2019 monthly visitor use counts as a ground-truth and developed visitation models using cellular device location-derived monthly visitor counts as a predictor variable. Other covariates, including park unit type, porousness, and park setting (i.e., urban vs. non-urban, iconic vs. local), were included in the model to examine the impact of park attributes on the relationship between NPS and cell phone-derived counts. We applied Pearson's correlation and generalized linear mixed model with adjustment of month and accounting for potential clustering by the individual park units to evaluate the reliability of using cell data to estimate visitation counts. Of the 38 parks in our study, 20 parks had a correlation of greater than 0.8 between monthly NPS and cell data counts and 8 parks had a correlation of less than 0.5. Regression modeling showed that the cell data could explain a great amount of the variability (conditional R-squared = 0.96) of NPS counts. However, these relationships varied across parks, with better associations generally observed for iconic parks. While our study increased our confidence in using cell phone data to estimate visitation, we also became aware of some of the limitations and challenges which we present in the Discussion.

Is tourism impacting pumas in the Torres del Paine UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in southern Chile?

Ecotourism generates $7.6 trillion annually and supports 292 million jobs around the world, and because of these benefits, it has been emphasized as a conservation strategy. Ecotourism, however, is not the solution for every community, and there is growing evidence that tourism can have unintended consequences for local people and wildlife, unless well managed. Here, we assessed the relative impacts of anthropogenic activities related to tourism (e.g. road density, distance to ranches and camping areas) and prey distributions on puma occupancy and abundance in the open steppe habitat of the southeast portions of the Torres del Paine UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, where pumas are protected. In winter, puma abundance and occupancy were explained by both prey and anthropogenic metrics. In summer, puma abundance was explained by both prey and anthropogenic metrics, but occupancy only by anthropogenic metrics. Across both periods, puma abundance was only explained by anthropogenic metrics, and occupancy was explained by both prey and anthropogenic metrics. Guanacos, the most important prey species for local pumas, never appeared in any top model, except in summer, during which puma abundance was explained by lower not higher guanaco abundance. Not unexpectedly, puma abundance and occupancy were negatively correlated with trail and road density across all analyses. In the high tourism season of summer, roads had 2–3 times the impact on puma abundance than prey metrics in top models. During our study, the average number of monthly visitors per month in summer (November-January) was 892 % higher than winter (May- July). As a whole, we believe our analyses suggest that tourism may be negatively impacting pumas, but the severity of this impact remains questionable. Future work should include studying stress in puma populations experiencing heavy tourism, simultaneous with the work needed to understand relative thresholds of impact on puma fitness metrics (e.g. survival, hunting success). We believe our work also highlights the need for standards and guidelines to be created and adopted among those involved in puma tourism in Torres del Paine and beyond.

Use of social media data, online reviews and wikipedia page views to measure visitation patterns of outdoor attractions

This study explores the suitability of activity counts extracted from social media platforms (Twitter, Flickr), review portals (TripAdvisor, Google Maps) and Wikipedia article views to model official visitor counts at selected outdoor attractions in Florida (U.S.) and Carinthia (Austria). It applies correlation analysis, multiple regression, and time series analysis to identify which of these user-generated content (UGC) sources and their combinations best match official monthly visitor count patterns for an analysis period of three years (2019–2021). With travel activities being severely hampered during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis also aims to analyze to which extent reduced visitor counts are reflected in the respective UGC sources. Results show that the number of Google Maps reviews combined with Wikipedia pageviews best explain the variability of monthly official visitor counts in Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression in both study areas. While the comparison analysis was conducted for monthly counts, data from some UGC sources can reflect shorter term activity fluctuations. Time series analysis detected a seasonality of 12 months for Wikipedia pageviews, Google Maps reviews, and official visitor counts for Austria due a clearly distinct summer season. As opposed to this, for Florida, due to a climate that facilitates all-year round park visitations, periodograms yielded different seasonality frequencies for UGC sources and official visitor counts. A short-term drop in visitor counts due to COVID-19 was evident in Florida both in UGC sources and official visitor counts in spring 2020, whereas for Austria attractions reduced activity is only somewhat reflected in UGC sources but not in actual visitor counts due to attractions still being closed in April. Management implicationsThis research explores multiple UGC sources for modeling official visitor counts at outdoor attractions. A combination of several sources has the advantage that it can help mitigate known limitations of UGC from individual sources, such as sparsity of geodata, data retrieval restrictions, sociodemographic bias, and varying popularity across regions. This research also revealed a better model fit of combined UGC data with official visitor counts than using any of the UGC sources alone. Data-rich UGC sources offer daily or weekly activity counts that provide a more refined temporal resolution than typical official visitor counts which are often limited to monthly data aggregations.

Transforming the print media business in the digital age

Background: Building a digital marketplace is one of the most important things a company must do if it wants to dominate. Businesses that can survive in the digital age will have the power of digital at their fingertips. This includes, but is not limited to, Media Companies.
 Purpose: this study aims to provide an overview of the existing phenomena of franchiseglobal.com business strategy in transforming its print media.
 Design and methods: This research uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The method of collecting data and information is interview. The data analysis method is descriptive analysis.
 Results: FranchiseGlobal.com, as an online media portal focused on franchising, licensing and partnership companies, is implementing a digital branding strategy using the digital branding triangle concept with a focus on SEO, social media and website development. FranchiseGlobal.com is attracting an increasing number of visitors (prospective franchise buyers) to its website, namely more than 100,000 monthly visitors or more than 1.2 million per year and 1,460 inquiry forms (business interest forms) in the past year. FranchiseGlobal.com's digital marketing strategy has the involvement of the company's entire management team and teams from different parts of the company. In order to determine the direction of the company, the strategy also uses the marketing mix theory and SWOT analysis.

INTEGRATION OF QR-CODE AND WEB-BASED APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING DIGITAL TOURISM IN IBOIH VILLAGE, INDONESIA AS A LESSON LEARNED MEDIA ON THE VOLCANIC ISLAND

The Great Sumatran Fault activity on Sumatra Island has presented a series of volcanoes and geological landscapes that can be developed as geo-tourism potential, such as in Iboih. The Weh Island has many natural tourism potentials that can be used to improve the community's income directly and as lessons learned for the dangers of living in a volcanic environment. The conventional method of delivering information is through a guide to visitors. This is very limited to the guide's ability to explain the phenomenon of tourist sites and the relation to lessons learned. In this study, we use the integration of QR-Code and web-based technology to develop a digital tourism system that can provide unlimited information to visitors and can be managed efficiently by the public. The data analysis shows that a QR code information board integrated with a web-based programming system can be used to monitor the number of monthly visitors at each tourism site. In addition, the java-script integration on the QR code board can present information that can be changed through links, images or videos without reprinting the QR-code model. Furthermore, we also present important locations from Iboih Village in the form of Web-GIS, such as tourist locations, road access, public infrastructure and food locations that tourists can easily access. Based on the research, we conclude that integrating QR-code and web-based programming can be an effective tool in tourism development as a medium for lessons learned by the community.

Social Factors and Social Media Usage Activities on Customer Path 5A Continuity Due to E-Marketing Communication

The customer path 5A approach proposed the customer's personalization and communication on social media marketing. The previous studies suggested the influence of customer's social factors were age, gender, income, and occupation on customer path 5A due to X's e-marketing communication. This study added social media usage activity. However, the previous study did not analyze the customer's role in path 5A phase continuity. This study examined the influence of social factors and social media usage activity on the consumer path 5A continuity due to restaurant X's e-marketing communication. The research method was quantitative, with a survey of 400 samples. The samples were taken from Instagram followers and average monthly visitors of restaurant X in 2021, or 11,400 people. The one-way ANOVA tests found that customers' social factor was significantly different in influencing customer path 5A was the occupation. The social media usage activity was another factor influencing customer path 5A was the internet spending category. The two customer factors influenced the partial customer path 5A category and did not denote the customer path 5A phase continuity as the previous study suggested. Further research is needed to explain the reason for the discontinuity between each customer Path 5A's phase.

2.0 - MOOSE: Enabling massively parallel multiphysics simulation

The last 2 years have been a period of unprecedented growth for the MOOSE community and the software itself. The number of monthly visitors to the website has grown from just over 3,000 to now averaging 5,000. In addition, over 1,800 pull requests have been merged since the beginning of 2020, and the new discussions forum has averaged 600 unique visitors per month. The previous publication has been cited over 200 times since it was published 2 years ago. This paper serves as an update on some of the key additions and changes to the code and ecosystem over the last 2 years, as well as recognizing contributions from the community.

Effects of Multiple Financial News Shocks on Tourism Demand Volatility Modelling and Forecasting

Even though both symmetric and asymmetric conceptions of news impacts are well-established in the disciplines of economics and financial markets, the effects of combining multiple news shocks on the volatility of tourism demand have not yet been delved into or gauged in any tourist destination. This work hypothesises and verifies that the news impact curve (NIC), conditional heteroscedastic volatility models, and multiple news shocks are suitable for forecasting the volatility of the Malaysian tourist industry. Among them, three primarily volatility models (GARCH, EGARCH, and GJRGARCH) are used in conjunction with five financial news shocks (FFNSs), namely the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI), the United States Dollar Index (DXY), the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges (S&P500), Crude Oil (CO), and Gold Price (GP). Among the most significant findings of this study are the demonstration of monthly seasonality using conditional mean equations, asymmetry effects in EGARCH-FFNSs, and GJRGARCH-FFNSs models in conditional variance equations and 50 NICs, and the GARCH-FFNSs model’s evaluation of the persistence influence of news shocks on monthly visitor arrivals in Malaysia. The GJRGARCH-FFNSs model is the best model for Malaysian tourism demand volatility forecasting accuracy. Furthermore, KLCI and Gold Price have the most substantial impact on the number of tourists to Malaysia. In addition, it should be emphasised that the methodological framework utilised in this study can be a useful tool for creating and forecasting the performance of symmetry and asymmetry impacts on tourism demand volatility.

Non-homogeneous Poisson and linear regression models as approaches to study time series with change-points

In this study we consider some stochastic models and a Bayesian approach to analyze count time series data in the presence of one or more change-points. When the observed count data are all different of zero, it is possible to perform an analysis using linear regression models with normal distribution errors for the log-transformed data. When we have the presence of zero counts at different times, the statistical model based on the log-transformation is not suitable. Hence, in this case, it is possible to consider non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) models with a suitable rate function. In the present work we consider both models (linear regression and Poisson) to analyze three data sets. These sets are data recording the monthly visitors to New Zealand with the purpose of education, yearly tuberculosis incidence data from New York City, and monthly measles incidence data from Brazil. When the NHPP model is used a PLP (power law process) model is assumed for the intensity function. Additionally, in both models, the presence of change-points will be allowed.

Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Sarawak Malaysia Total Protected Area Visitors

Based on data of visitors to national parks, nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Sarawak, this study’s objective is to use the spatial and temporal analysis to describe the underlying trend and temporal pattern of local and foreign visitors and ultimately infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 18 different TPAs. The second aim of the study is to cluster the visitors according to the location of TPAs using Wards hierarchical clustering method. By comparing average monthly visitors’ count, we observed that the average number of monthly visitors significantly reflects the distribution concentration of visitors based on the spatial map. Findings indicate that the monthly distributions of local and foreign visitors differ according to different TPAs. The spatial and temporal analysis found that local visitors’ arrival is high at the end of the year while foreign visitors showed significant arrival during the months of July, August and September. The Wards minimum variance method was able to cluster TPAs local and foreign visitors into very high, high, medium and low visitor area. This study provides additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors and improve the overall visitors’ experience. The findings of the study are also important to respective local authorities in providing information for planning and monitoring tourism in TPAs. Consecutively, this will ensure sustainability of TPAs resources while protecting their biodiversity.

Identifying Temporal Patterns of Visitors to National Parks through Geotagged Photographs

Visitor data is essential for decision-making, policy formulation, and monitoring of protected areas. In this context, the data on the temporal distribution of visitors is essential to characterize influx and seasonality, and even to measure the carrying capacity of a site. However, obtaining information from visitors often involves high costs and long production times. Moreover, traditional visitor data has a limited level of detail. New sources of data can provide valuable information regarding the timing of visits. In this study, we tested the use of geotagged data to infer the temporal distribution of visitors to 15 Spanish national parks, and we identified temporal patterns of the visits at three levels: monthly, weekly, and daily. By comparing official monthly visitor counts and geotagged photographs from Flickr, we observed that the number of monthly users who upload photos significantly reflects the number of monthly visitors. Furthermore, the weekly and daily distributions of the Flickr data provided additional information that could contribute to identifying the periods of highest visitor pressure, design measures to manage the concentration of visitors, and improve the overall visitor experience. The results obtained indicate the potential of new data sources for visitor monitoring in protected areas and to open opportunities for future research. Moreover, monitoring tourism in protected areas is crucial to ensure the sustainability of their resources and to protect their biodiversity.

Identification of Paths and Places of Tsunami Evacuation Based on P646 Fema for Tourism Beaches in the Regency of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

The maximum number of monthly visitors to the tourism coasts in Gunungkidul Regency between 2012 and 2015 is 25,160 people. Those Indian Ocean beaches that are in the southern sides of the Island of Java are prone to tsunami disaster. However, there were no systematic and scientific study to make analysis of the tsunami disaster mitigation to those tourism beaches. Therefore, a series of policies with comprehensive rescue strategies and efforts to minimize the risk of the tsunami disaster is required. The purpose of this study is to identify the paths and places of tsunami evacuation for the tourism beaches in Gunungkidul Regency based on P646 of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and compare them with the result of the identification of paths and places of tsunami evacuation conducted by BPBD (Local Disaster Management Authority) of Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. This purpose also includes the want of the authors to implement the method of this study to be the policy of tsunami mitigation for similar tourism beaches in the Special Territory of Yogyakarta as well as similar beaches in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative method with descriptive analysis technique that is analyzing the paths and places of tsunami evacuation based on P646 of FEMA. Given location elevation is the basic ingredient of the analysis, and therefore, elevation data, tsunami arrival time, projected number of visitors to support the analysis need to be gathered. The analysis of the evacuation areas is required to determine the evacuation places that are safe points in the evacuation process. An elevation of a safe point elevation can be a point that is beyond the reach of tsunami waves or safe areas within the tsunami pool areas. The results of this study are the height of the gathering point / safe point 25 meters above sea level to be the basis for saving themselves, if connected with the speed of walking (weak condition), then the arrival time / arrival time of the tsunami is not more than 0.5 hours. This is still within limits in accordance with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P-646, 2008), the location of the gathering point / tsunami evacuation safe point can be used as the first rescue of tsunami victims by considering the arrival time of the tsunami. On the other hand, BPBD accommodate tsunami victims using public facilities even though they are far away and heed the arrival time of the tsunami.

New technologies applied to the study and application of digital anatomy. HDM project (human dissection models). 5 years of experience

Introduction: Students learn and process information in different ways. In macroscopic anatomy, certainly the visual part plays an important role [1]. The increasing prevalence of technology means that medical educational software applications have an increasingly important role in medical education. We come up with our experience of 5 years in the creation of models and three-dimensional (3D) materials applied to the teaching and understanding of macroscopic anatomy. Presented at the 3rd World Congress of the UNESCO Chair for Teaching and Research in Digital Anatomy Paris Descartes at Egas Moniz University Institute - Almada, Portugal. Materials and methods: Surface scanning technologies such as 3D scanners and photometry software were used to obtain 3D models made from anatomical dissection models in cadaveric material. The models were loaded in the free Access online platform (www.proyectohdm.com) applied to online 3D visualization systems, anaglyph, augmented reality, virtual reality, as well as advanced prototypes of mixed reality and 3D printing in solid and flexible materials to obtain surgical educational simulators. Results: An online platform, easily accessible and multiplatform, was created with 50 three-dimensional topographic models of different anatomical structures, which allow users to view all angles of the anatomical piece. 3D anatomical models can be visualized in technologies such as anaglyph, augmented reality and virtual reality. The 3D printing allowed obtaining replicas of the cadaveric model of dissection, in various types of materials at low cost for its anatomical study. Printing on flexible materials enabled the possibility of creating educational neurosurgical simulators. The platform currently has more than 100 thousand monthly visitors from around the world. Discussion and conclusions: The use of 3D technologies applied to the field of anatomical study has been previously demonstrated [2]. The anatomical models presented in this work to be generated from the cadaverous structure allow a high level of detail and precision. Through ts incorporation into visualization systems in anaglyph technologies, virtual reality and increased reintegration of the virtual model to a tangible plane, using mixed reality and 3D printing, students and academics have a better understanding of the three-dimensional disposition of the anatomical structure manifested by the academic acceptance of the online platform, based on the growing number of visitors. Figure 1. A) Brain photography B) Reconstruction 3D brain C) Virtual reality D) 3D printing flexible material E) Augmented reality.

Traffic Safety on Acadia National Park Roadways

Travel to Acadia National Park has been rising in the recent past, with over 3.5 million visitors recorded in 2018 (NPS, 2018). With visitation on the rise in Acadia and many of the national parks, there may be increased risks of injuries, and even deaths, from motor vehicle and/or bike crashes. However, statistical relationships between visitation levels and transportation crash-related injuries and fatalities in national parks are not well understood in research on transportation management in parks and protected areas. The roadways in national parks usually support multiple transportation modes and provide recreation opportunities for visitors such as scenic roads. Previous research suggests that traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries and fatalities in national parks, but it has not been recognized as a prominent safety issue by the general public. This paper selected Acadia National Park as a study case, aiming at analyzing the temporal patterns of motor vehicle and bike crashes from 2007 to 2012, and to identify the factors associated with the monthly counts of motor vehicle and bike crashes. Study results indicated that the average monthly count of multi-vehicle crashes was much higher than that of single-vehicle crashes. Both motor vehicle and bike crashes were concentrated in the summer season. Simple moving average method was used to calculate the hourly counts of traffic crashes. The average single-vehicle crash counts peaked at 14:00, representing 0.002 crash per hour. Multi-vehicle crash counts were highest between 13:00 and 14:00, representing 0.012 crashes per hour. Poisson Log-linear Regression models were conducted to identify the factors impacting motor vehicle crashes and bike crashes. The results suggested that visitor number was an important factor that associated with both motor vehicle crashes and bike crashes. Also, the number of rain days per month had a significant impact on the count of bike lane crashes but had no significant impact on the count of bike path crashes. Therefore, the study recommended park managers to provide biking education specifically for wet conditions. Results of this study identify the quantitative relationship among monthly visitor number, monthly rain days, and monthly count of traffic crashes, which may help build the indicators and standards of public safety on roadways of national parks. Subscribe to JPRA

Economy and religious tourism: the phenomenon of pilgrimages to Marian sanctuaries. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Mestrado em Economia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (Departamento de Gestão e Economia), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã Portugal.

For centuries pilgrimages are present in Christianity. For Catholics, the importance of devotions and visits to the Marian sanctuaries is indisputable. The number of visitors and pilgrims to these temples make the local economy an important destination of religious tourism. In order to understand the economic determinants of religious tourism, two sanctuaries were studied, namely, Aparecida (Brazil) and Fatima (Portugal). Given the large collection of statistical information of the Portuguese Sanctuary, it was verified through the Vector Autoregressive model that Gross Domestic Product and Unemployment have a causal unidirectional relation with the pilgrimages. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model revealed that an increase in Gross Domestic Product and international arrivals in the short term positively impacts the number of pilgrims. Through the Ordinary Least Squares regression, significant statistical relationships between climatic factors (rain volume and average temperature) and visitors in the Sanctuary of Fatima were found. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average forecast method was applied to the number of monthly visitors to the Sanctuary of Aparecida and to the number of pilgrims in the Sanctuary of Fatima, the results show a strong seasonality and that the first and last months of the year are periods of low demand. The results of this study allow a new look at religious tourism in the Marian context, the empirical results allow those responsible for establishing public policies, tourism agents and the administration of the Sanctuaries to direct their actions. Measures planned and executed jointly between the various agents can benefit residents, visitors, pilgrims, the tourism sector, the local economy and the Sanctuaries themselves.

지역관광의 집객형 테마시설 입지경쟁력 사례 연구 : 제주도 테마시설을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to establish the same concept in Jeju Island and the same concept, and to examine the degree of operational stability by setting up accommodation facilities and accommodation facilities, and to provide basic data on location and development directions for the resident-type theme facilities based on the deviation in the operation rate. The analysis showed that the residential entertainment facilities operated in Jeju Island showed superior operation rates compared to the same concept facilities operated in inland areas, and that there was little differentiation between the sex and the off-season, especially when the monthly visitors did not differ much, making a significant contribution to operational stability. Some confirmed that the Jeju Island needs to be reviewed for the development of guest-type theme facilities as candidates, and that if developed, it could increase the possibility of securing more stable operating income compared to inland. However, not all guest-type entertainment facilities in Jeju Island will be affected by this visit. It is believed that it will be possible only when facilities and themes of a certain size are backed up. In this respect, the areas that the study failed to address due to problems such as data could be pointed out as quite disappointing.

Using Web searches to track interest in synthetic cannabinoids (a/k/a 'herbal incense').

This article reports a content analysis of Internet websites related to an emerging designer drug, synthetic cannabinoids. The number of synthetic cannabinoids searchers in the USA has steadily increased from November 2008 to November 2011. To determine the information available on the Internet in relation to synthetic cannabinoids, sites were identified using the Google search engine and the search term 'herbal incense'. The first 100 consecutive sites were visited and classified by two coders. The websites were evaluated for type of content (retail, information, news, other). US unique monthly visitor data were examined for the top 10 retail sites, and these sites were coded for the quality of information available regarding the legality of synthetic cannabinoids sale and use. The Google search yielded 2,730,000 sites for 'herbal incense' (for comparison of search terms: 'synthetic marijuana', 1,170,000; 'K2 Spice', 247,000; and 'synthetic weed', 122,000). Moreover, in the Google search, 87% of the sites were retail sites, 5% news, 4% informational and 4% non-synthetic cannabinoid sites. Many tools found within Google free services hold promise in providing a technique to identify emerging drug markets. We recommend continued surveillance of the Internet using the online tools presented in this brief report by both drug researchers and policy-makers to identify the emerging trends in synthetic drugs' availability and interest.

The impact of earthquakes on Chile's international tourism demand

This paper investigates the impacts of three earthquakes on international tourist arrivals in Chile. The shocks under analysis occurred on 21 April 2007, 14 November 2007 and 27 February 2010, in the north, south and center of Chile, respectively. The impacts are measured as the difference between the predicted and the effectively observed volume of visitor arrivals after the quakes in each Region. The predictions are computed using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models on monthly visitor arrivals during the period January 2004 to June 2010. The results indicate that the impacts depend on the magnitude of the earthquake, the perception of safety generated by news coverage and the type of tourism characterizing the region where the earthquake has occured. In the case of the most recent earthquake of 27 February 2010, the recovering status of visitors arrivals is studied, showing that the inbound arrivals to some regions have fully recovered from the devastation after 4 months while other regions have not.

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1912–1939)

The birth of the new monthly Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (JAPhA) was delayed for a year by the death of its editor-in-waiting, Carl Hallberg. The final decision had not been made for his successor; at the 1911 annual meeting outgoing president Eugene Eberle suggested that the newly chosen general secretary (today’s CEO) James Hartley Beal should become the new editor-in-chief. 1. Eberle E.G. Address of the president. Bulletin of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 1911; 6: 381-399 Google Scholar Eberle, himself the owner and editor of the Southern Pharmaceutical Journal, spoke with passion about the role that he foresaw for the new Journal. He echoed President Hopp’s 1904 comments about the Journal serving as a way to keep and grow membership: “It should be the means whereby the members are held together for a common purpose, becoming the monthly visitor, the influence of which prevents estrangements, develops interest and keeps them fully informed relative to all activities of the Association.” 1. Eberle E.G. Address of the president. Bulletin of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 1911; 6: 381-399 Google Scholar