Monthly Payment Research Articles

보유세 부담과 세부담 제한제도에 대한 고찰

Korea's wealth tax was divided into property tax and comprehensive real estate tax when the comprehensive real estate tax was introduced in 2005, and since then, it has developed into a complex system with various burden enhancement and relief systems for each tax category. This study examines the dual burden and restriction structure of Korea's wealth tax system and examines how to rationalize the wealth tax burden according to the taxpayer's ability to pay through the example of the United States.
 The holding tax system tries to moderate the tax burden by operating the tax burden ceiling, fair market value ratio, tax credit, and overstatement limit for property tax and comprehensive real estate tax, respectively. However, these complex burden mitigation measures do not adequately assess the taxpayer's burden. Property taxes are supposed to optimize the level of tax burden based on physical taxation, but property taxes determine the level of taxation based on human taxation, which is a major departure from the essence of property taxes.
 Looking at the case of California in the United States, property taxes are assessed according to the principle of ad valorem taxation, and the burden is determined accordingly, and resident-oriented deductions and property tax payment credits are operated to appropriate the burden on taxpayers.
 In order to solve the structural problems of the estate tax, it is necessary to discuss the reorganization of the estate tax system. In order to reduce the tax burden on taxpayers, it is possible to consider introducing a plan to deduct the holding tax burden from income taxation, and it is necessary to discuss in-depth improvements to the taxation system by property tax period. It is also necessary to consider introducing a monthly payment system for property taxes for taxpayers' convenience.
 In the future, considering the globalization and aging of our society, it is necessary to discuss how to improve the integrated wealth tax system in order to appropriate the burden level of property taxes and prepare an integrated taxation system that suits the power.

Long-term social assistance recipients' experiences with an increased monthly payment: a qualitative pilot study.

Ten long-term social assistance recipients in a Norwegian municipality received a greater-than-average fixed monthly payment for 12 months. This study aimed to explore whether these recipients with reduced administrative requirements and a fixed monthly payment that was greater than the average social assistance experienced reduced poverty, increased feelings of independence, better daily living, and an improved quality of life. The study's explorative design included 20 qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and a longitudinal electronic survey for 12 months. The 10 participants had been selected by the local labour and welfare agency based on stringent criteria and are therefore not representative of social assistance recipients in general. Individual interviews were conducted during autumn 2021 and spring 2022. The interview data were analysed using systematic text condensation, and the survey results are presented using descriptive statistics. The participants included in the project described a reduced experience of poverty. They could buy additional items and set aside money, something they had not been able to do in the past, and meant a great deal to them. They expressed experiencing freedom, gaining a stronger sense of independence, and having lessened feelings of shame. Many of the participants described health issues that were incompatible with working. Being given this opportunity led to a feeling of increased dignity and greater inclusion in society among this selected group of participants. They appreciated the simplified conditions and reduced requirements for administrative matters. All expressed that spending 8 months without contact with the social welfare office was a liberation.

Valuation Economic scenic beauty of the volcano of the Chimborazo, Ecuador

The Chimborazo volcano is the closest point to the sun and is recognized nationally and internationally. 90,000 people visit this tourist attraction annually, which is being threatened by the advance of theagricultural frontier, causing the loss of ecosystem services found in this ecosystem. This research estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) of the population of the city of Riobamba, for the conservation of the scenic beauty of the Chimborazo volcano. 406 surveys were applied, using the double-limit dichotomous contingent valuation method, using a maximum likelihood model in Stata software. Four models were developed: single limit, single limit with other explanatory variables, double limit and double limit with other explanatory variables, the latter being statistically more significant. As a result, it was determined that the DAP is USD 0.81 per month to preserve the scenic beauty of the Chimborazo volcano, a value that increases if the variable consumption of other products is included to reduce climate change by USD 0.19, the age, the monthly water payment and the level of education decrease the WTP by USD 0.02, USD 0.01, and 0.05 respectively.

Bangladeshi Non-Government College Teachers under Threat of Maintaining Sustainable Livelihood in the Crisis of Pandemic: A Phenomenological Case Study

In this time of pandemic, the teaching community is admirably and desperately trying to avoid the crisis ‘tragedy of not earning’ in order to preserve their livelihood. This article explored the non-government honours and master’s college teachers' livelihoods from different perspectives during the COVID-19 to answer the four research questions. Some reports published in the mass media were influenced by the background of the study. Newspapers and TV channel reports mention that teachers, especially non-government college teachers, in Bangladesh struggled a lot in the COVID-19 pandemic due to their salary irregularities and termination. These reports inspired researchers to conduct this study to explore the authentic condition of their livelihood. This study employs a theoretical framework from the DFID’s Sustainable Livelihood Approach in order to illustrate the livelihood condition of teachers. This study employs a qualitative research paradigm based on phenomenological case study methodology, with the theoretical framework providing guidelines for in-depth interviews. Eight teachers from the eight-division of Bangladesh were interviewed. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, interviews were conducted through mobile phones. An interpretative thematic analysis was applied in this study. The study results show that teachers are in poor financial, physical, social, natural, and human conditions, and COVID-19 has destroyed their normalcy of life by causing insecurity, instability, and precarity. They are compelled to struggle to meet their basic demands, concentrating on different income-generating tasks rather than conducting classes. The government should take the initiative to provide soft loans to teachers as an incentive to survive in these emergencies. But the government should find sustainable solutions for the betterment of these college teachers, such as nationalisation of the college teachers or including them in the Monthly Payment Order (MPO) list. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Research, Vol. 48(2), Dec 2022, p.27-40

Targeted allowances for children aged 3–7 and 8–17: accessibility, effectiveness and lessons for unified benefit

Families with children can receive monthly payments of a substantial amount (from 50% to 100% of the child’s subsistence minimum). In January 2023, a unified benefit for children was introduced, extending to all categories of the child population the rules of monthly payments provided to low-income families with children aged 3–7 and 8–17. Based on 5 waves of telephone surveys conducted by RANEPA in the period from October 2021 to November 2022, as well as an analysis of comments from Internet sources, the article analyzes the risk of poverty for families with children from 3 to 17 years of age, accessibility of social support, coverage and effectiveness of monthly payments for children aged 3–17. It is shown that households with children aged 3–17 have 1.5 times higher risk of poverty that rises with an increase in the number of children, as well as in the presence of the unemployed, and living in rural areas. By the end of 2022, more than 20% of households with children of this age were covered by payments in question, among families with 3 and more children — 47%. At the same time, less than half of poor households with children aged 3–17 are covered by these payments. Due to provision of payments, the share of poor households decreased in November 2022 by 1.18 times. Several factors remain, which lead to significant exclusion errors that reduces the impact of the monthly payments on poverty. When switching to the unified benefit for children from 0 to 17 years of age, it is important to take into account the experience of providing support for children aged 3–7 and 8–17 in order to make timely adjustments that will increase the coverage of needy families and raise the impact of the benefit on poverty.

A comprehensive literature review of the impact of child tax credit/child allowance in the United States and South Korea

PurposeThe America Rescue Plan (ARP) transformed the Child Tax Credit (CTC) into a more generous, inclusive monthly payment from July through December 2021. However, the expansion has been terminated and the annual CTC has been reinstated. The United States is one of the few OECD countries that do not have a child allowance system and South Korea has recently adopted child allowance in 2018. This study aims to comprehensively review the existing literature and evidence on ARP-CTC in the United States and Universal Child Allowance (CA) in Korea.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers completed a database search between July 1, 2022 and July 20, 2022. For the United States, the search keywords were child tax credit OR expanded child tax credit OR CTC OR child allowance. For Korea, the search keyword was child allowance. Searches were conducted using 79 databases. A total of 36 US studies and 7 Korean studies met all the inclusion criteria and proceeded to the extraction process. A narrative thematic synthesis approach was employed to identify themes in the findings. The results were organized based on the characteristics of the studies and the post-intervention outcomes.FindingsStudies in the United States focused primarily on economic outcomes, including poverty and material hardship, reflecting the concern policymakers and researchers have about child poverty. On the other hand, Korean studies examined employment, economic well-being, psychological well-being and expenditures in a relatively balanced share. Overall, studies found that both ARP-Child Tax Credits and Universal Child Allowance reduced child poverty and improved material hardship. Also, studies in both countries suggested that both policies had positive impacts on parental psychological well-being.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, this paper is the first to comprehensively review the impact of the US ARP-CTC in comparison with the Korean child allowance. Two studies reviewed and updated the literature on US ARP-CTC as a round-up paper. Moreover, the authors conduct cross-national comparative analyses between the United States and Korea. The contexts of the child allowance system in the two nations have both similarities and differences, thereby offering a unique opportunity for a comparative study.

Changes in Self-Reported Adult Health and Household Food Security With the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit Monthly Payments

The 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit (ECTC) provided families with children monthly payments from July 2021 to December 2021. The association of this policy with adult health is understudied. To examine changes in adult self-reported health and household food security before and during ECTC monthly payments. This repeated cross-sectional study used multivariable regression with a difference-in-differences estimator to assess adult health and food security for 39 479 respondents to the National Health Interview Survey (January 2019 to December 2021) before vs during monthly payments. Analyses were stratified by income to focus on low-income vs middle-income and upper-income households. Eligibility for ECTC monthly payments from July 2021 to December 2021. Overall self-reported adult health and household food security as binary outcomes (excellent or very good health vs good, fair, or poor health; food secure vs food insecure). In this nationally representative cross-sectional study of 39 479 US adults (mean [SD] age, 41.0 [13.0] years; 7234 [21.7%] Hispanic, 321 [0.9%] non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 2205 [5.7%] non-Hispanic Asian, 5113 [13.7%] non-Hispanic Black, and 23 704 [55.8%] White individuals), respondents were predominantly female (21 511 [52.4%]), employed (33 035 [86.7%]), and married (19 838 [55.7%]). Before disbursement of ECTC monthly payments, 7633 ECTC-eligible adults (60.1%) reported excellent or very good health, and 10 950 (87.8%) reported having food security. Among ECTC-ineligible adults, 10 778 (54.9%) reported excellent or very good health and 17 839 (89.1%) reported food security. Following disbursement of monthly payments, ECTC-eligible adults experienced a 3.0 percentage point (pp) greater adjusted increase (95% CI, 0.2-5.7) in the probability of reporting excellent or very good health compared with ECTC-ineligible adults. Additionally, ECTC-eligible adults experienced a 1.9 pp greater adjusted increase (95% CI, 0.1-3.7) in the probability of food security than ECTC-ineligible adults. In income-stratified analyses, the association between ECTC eligibility and overall health was concentrated among middle-income and upper-income households (3.7-pp increase in excellent or very good health; 95% CI, 0.5-6.9). Conversely, the association between ECTC eligibility and food security was concentrated among low-income adults (3.9-pp increase in food security; 95% CI, 0-7.9). The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that monthly ECTC payments were associated with improved adult overall health and food security. Cash transfer programs may be effective tools in improving adult health and household nutrition.

Nudging Payment Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Pay-as-You-Go Off-Grid Electricity

Abstract This paper reports results from a randomized control trial with a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solar system provider in Pakistan. In the default treatment, customers are told the amount to pay every month to keep the system active. In a first treatment, customers are assisted in planning this monthly payment. A second treatment discloses that payments can be made flexibly within the month. This disclosure may reduce contract cancellation by helping minimize transaction costs but may increase contract complexity and reduce discipline. A third treatment combines flexibility with assistance in planning payments. Disclosing flexibility increases contract cancellation relative to the default, but combining flexibility with planning offsets this effect. Treatment effects appear stronger among users facing high mental constraints and transaction costs. These findings support the idea that behavioral factors, such as inattention and commitment problems, lay behind the negative impact of flexibility on cancellation. The results suggest that providers of PAYG systems may face a trade-off between disclosing complex contractual features and customer retention. Planning helps customers handle the added complexity.

Exploring Pharmacy Student Experiences with Student Debt and Perspectives on Future Burnout and Loan Relief

ObjectivePharmacy students with substantial educational debt are at risk for excessive workloads, burnout, and clinical errors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, policies addressing economic hardships for all student debt borrowers included temporary suspension of monthly payments and 0% interest during the pause. This study aimed to understand student-level factors regarding student debt from the lived experiences of current pharmacy students and aimed to understand how current pharmacy students view temporary loan relief. MethodsWe used semi-structured interviews of pharmacy students across 4 years of progression in their pharmacy program to better understand student experiences with debt, different factors that may influence the impact of student debt on short-term and long-term outcomes for students, and student perspectives on debt relief policies and potential solutions. Our thematic analysis was grounded in existing evidence and a conceptual framework, while also allowing codes to emerge directly from the data. ResultsA total of 20 pharmacy students were interviewed with a median student debt of $77,000, with debt amounts ranging from $0 to $209,000. Students described what mediating factors influenced their experiences, the influence of student debt on clinician burnout, and other outcomes impacted by student debt. Six overarching themes emerged relevant to current students: student debt influences education and career decisions, debt is risky given the saturated pharmacy market, debt is an accepted burden, debt will inhibit starting a life, the COVID-19 loan relief is revealing, and early financial education is needed. ConclusionPharmacy students burdened with debt described a variety of different experiences and attitudes toward that debt and provided their perspectives on how student debt influences short-term education and career decisions. While students accept the trade-off of debt for their education as an inevitable burden, reported coping mechanisms and strategies shared suggest some solutions may be available to ameliorate this burden.

Establishing a pediatric interventional radiology inpatient consult service.

To delineate pediatric interventional radiology (IR) inpatient consult growth and resulting collections after implementation of a pediatric IR consult service. An inpatient IR consult process was created at a single academic children's hospital in October 2019. IR consult note templates were created in Epic (Epic Systems Corporation, Verona, Wisconsin) and utilized by 4 IR physicians. Automatic charge generation was linked to differing levels of evaluation and management (E&M) service relating to current procedural terminology (CPT) inpatient consult codes 99251-99255. The children's hospital informatics division identified IR consult notes entered from the implementation of the consult service: October 2019 to January 2022. The university radiology department billing office provided IR service E&M charge, payment, and relative value units (RVU) information during this study period. A chart review was performed to determine the IR procedure conversion rate.Mann-Whitney and a two-sample t-test statistical analyses compared use of the 25-modifier, monthly consult growth and monthly payment growth. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Within this 27-month period, a total of 2153 inpatient IR consults were performed during 1757 Epic hospital encounters; monthly consult peak was reached 5months into the study period. Consult level breakdown by CPT codes: 99251-8.7%, 99252-81.7%, and 99253-8.8%. 69.7% of IR consults had consult-specific billing with payments in 96.4% resulting in $143,976 new revenue. From 2020 to 2021, IR consult volume trended upward by 13.4% (P =0.069), and consult-specific payments increased by 84.1% (P<0.001). IR consult procedure conversion rate was 96.5%. An inpatient pediatric IR consult service was quickly established and maintained by four physicians over a 27-month study period. Annual IR consult volume trended upward and consult-specific payments increased, resulting in previously uncaptured IR service revenue.

The Effects of the Monthly and Lump-Sum Child Tax Credit Payments on Food and Housing Hardship

We investigate the effects of the expanded 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC) on material hardship among households with children over April 2021-May 2022, using the Census Household Pulse Survey and difference-in-difference analyses of household types with different eligibility. Monthly CTC payments (July-December 2021) reduced food insufficiency by at least 2.4 pp (20 percent); the spring 2022 lump-sum payment reduced the likelihood that households were behind on rent by at least 1.2 pp (10 percent). Results are consistent with spending lump sums differently from monthly payments, the former going disproportionately toward arrears and the latter toward ongoing food/nutrition costs.

Universal Basic Income Evidence: A monthly payment could lift people out of poverty without increasing unemployment.

Universal Basic Income Evidence: A monthly payment could lift people out of poverty without increasing unemployment.

Can conditional cash transfers reduce vulnerability to climate change?

ABSTRACT In the last decades several Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have been implemented to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of poverty. More recently, they have also been used as a policy response to provide support to households hit by the COVID crisis. CCTs are being deployed as a development tool to reduce local communities’ vulnerability, increasing their resilience and capacity to adapt. In this context, this paper investigates if CCTs can reduce vulnerability to climate change by increasing the adaptative capacity of local communities. Indeed, while some literature has found that CCTs can reduce specific dimensions of vulnerability to socio-economic shocks, we argue that more research is necessary to understand their impact on vulnerability to climate change. Empirically, we use a panel of household survey data collected in Colombia in 2002 and 2006. We employ a difference-in-differences approach to analyse the impact of the CCT programme Familia en Acción (FA) CCTs on rural households. We consider seven components of vulnerability linked to climate change aggregated in an index: wealth, health, access to information, access to basic facilities, financial vulnerability, resilience to natural disasters, and nutrition. Our results differ from previous research and indicate that CCTs provided by the FA program do not decrease vulnerability to climate change. This finding suggests that CCTs are not a universal solution to reducing vulnerability to climate change and may be ineffective in specific contexts.

Loan Amount versus Monthly Payments: The Effect of Loan Application Formats on Consumer Borrowing Decisions

Abstract Do different loan application formats affect consumer loan requests? Six studies show that when consumers are asked to provide a preferred monthly payment (MP) (vs. loan amount [LA]), they request different principal amounts. This is because these loan application formats differ in the scale-compatible information they bring to consumers’ mind. When LAs are elicited, consumers think of and request the cost of the expenditure they seek to finance. When MPs are elicited, however, consumers think of their monthly budget slack to construct and then request MPs they perceive to be affordable. For lower cost loans with a given term and interest rate, the MP (vs. LA) format results in larger principal requests. This effect reverses for higher cost acquisitions because individuals’ budget slack caps out around $500 per month. These studies provide insight into how consumer loan application formats can affect consumer borrowing, as well as the psychological underpinnings responsible for the effect. Theoretical, managerial, and consumer welfare implications of the findings are discussed.

Value of Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment for Sleep Apnea: A Closer Look at Health Care Utilization.

To determine how surgery, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and no treatment impact health care utilization in patients who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This is a retrospective cohort study of patients between the ages of 18 and 65 that were diagnosed with OSA (9thInternational Classification of Diseases) from January 2007 to December 2015. Data were collected over 2 years, and prediction modelswere generated to evaluate trends over time. A population-based study using real-world data and insurance databases. A total of 4,978,649 participants were identified, all with at least 25 months of continuous enrollment. Patients with previous soft tissue procedures not approved for OSA (nasal surgery), or without continuous insurance coverage were excluded. A total of 18,050 patients underwent surgery, 1,054,578 were untreated, and 799,370 received CPAP. IBM Marketscan Research database was utilized to describe patient-specific clinical utilization, and expenditures, across outpatient, and inpatient services, and medication prescriptions. When the cost of the interventionwas eliminated in the 2-year follow-up, the monthly payments of group 1 (surgery) were significantly less than group 3 (CPAP) in overall, inpatient, outpatient, and pharmaceutical payments (p < .001). The surgery group was associated with less cumulative payments compared to the other 2 groups when the cost of the intervention (CPAP or surgery) was eliminated in all comorbidities and age groups. Treating OSA with surgery can lessen overall health care utilization compared to no treatment and CPAP.

Different Principles of Information Design for Three Online Financial Tasks: Localization, Comparison, and Subtraction

This study examines design principles for how to display financial information about a consumer loan that supports locating a value (e.g., What is the annual percentage rate (APR) for an 18-month loan?), comparing two values (e.g., Is the APR for a 24-month load greater than for an 18-month loan?), or subtracting two values (e.g., What is the difference in the APR for a 24-month load and an 18-month loan?). One hundred and thirty-three college students carried out these three types of tasks at a banking site that displayed information as a list (e.g., listing the value for interest rate, monthly payment, insurance cost, APR, amount financed, and total cost for a given duration ranging from 6 to 48 months) or as one of three types of tables or matrices (containing values for each of six variables across one axis and each of eight loan durations across the other). Accuracy and response time on each of the three types of tasks was tallied for each of the four groups. Consistent with the principle of distraction minimization, the list was the best display for locating a value. Consistent with the principle of conjoint alignment, a vertical matrix (with loan duration across columns) or horizontal matrix (with loan duration across rows) was the best for comparing two values, but an interactive matrix was less effective. Consistent with the principle of canonical form, a vertical matrix (with loan duration across columns) was the best for subtracting two values. Overall, the best information display depended on the type of task, consistent with cognitive theories of information processing.

The Effects of Time Preferences on Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Infinitely Repeated Games

This paper studies the effects of time preferences on cooperation in an infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma game experiment. Subjects play repeated games in the lab, all decisions at once, but stage game payoffs are paid over an extended period of time. Changing the time window of stage game payoffs (weekly or monthly) varies discount factors, and a delay for the first-stage game payoffs eliminates/weakens present bias. First, subjects with weekly payments cooperate more than subjects with monthly payments—higher discount factors promote greater cooperation. Second, the rate of cooperation is higher when there is a delay—present bias reduces cooperation. (JEL C72, C73, D91)

FAKTOR KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM NASIONAL PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM DAN SANITASI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (PAMSIMAS) DI JORONG KOTO JAPANG NAGARI PADANG AIR DINGIN

The Pamsimas program is a clean water supply program, especially for people who live in rural and suburban areas, but not all Pamsimas programs are successful or last long, for example in the Nagari Padang Air Cold area which consists of four jorongs but only one Jorong where the Pamsimas program is still good and running smoothly. The purpose of this article is to describe the success factors for the implementation of the Pamsimas program in Jorong Koto Japan, Nagari Padang Air cold. The approach used is a qualitative approach using descriptive research type, data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and document studies. The technique of selecting informants was purposive sampling with 14 informants. Analysis of the data used starts from data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions. The research location is in Jorong Koto Japan, because among the Jorong-Jorong in Nagari Padang Air cold, only this Jorong has succeeded in its Pamsimas program. Based on the field, it can be concluded that the success factors in implementing the Pamsimas program 1. Ideas or thoughts, such as selecting water sources, how to manage Pamsimas, 2. There is a donation of funds, 3. There is a contribution of personnel, 4. Payment of monthly dues on time, such as monthly payment for clean water.

Legal Protection for Creditors Regarding Default and Unilateral Transfer of Fiduciary Guarantee Vehicles Based on the Principle of Justice

Indonesian people generally buy private vehicles by using credit facilities or making monthly payments to finance companies to own their vehicles. Vehicles purchased on credit are bound by using fiduciary guarantees prone to being pawned, rented out and transferred by the debtor unilaterally. The reason was due to default so that the fiduciary guarantee vehicle was diverted so that it could be confiscated by POLRI investigators to be used as evidence. As a result of the unilateral transfer of the debtor, the creditor suffers a loss, so that the creditor must be legally protected. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the legal protection for credit related to violations and diversion of vehicles based on the principle of justice. The method in this research is qualitative research with empirical and normative juridical approaches. Empirical juridical research prioritizes secondary data, books, laws and regulations and examines positive legal principles from literary data and comparative law. The fiduciary giver must be responsible, carry out his obligations and keep the collateral object under his control. However, in reality it does not rule out the possibility of the Fiduciary Guarantee object changing hands or transferring control to a third party because it is transferred by the debtor, usually due to economic factors. The existence of Law no. 42 of 1999 concerning guarantees in Indonesia which are lex specialis derogat legi general, is one of the legal principles which implies that specific legal rules will override general legal rules.

Guessing, math, or something else? Lay people's processes for valuing annuities

AbstractResearchers have long been trying to understand why individuals dislike annuities. Here, we investigate if the process individuals use to assess the financial value of annuities may lead them to inaccurately value annuities. In Study 1, participants were asked to assess the monthly payments associated with a specific annuity lump sum or the annuity lump sum associated with a specific monthly payment. They were then asked to describe how they arrived at their answers. We find that when making this assessment, 42% of participants report attempts at using math, with some even describing mathematical formulas. Most other participants reported guessing instead. Reporting attempts at math is more common among participants with higher financial literacy and numeracy. Reported attempts at math, financial literacy, and numeracy predict arriving at more realistic financial values for annuities, as well as incorporating assessments of life expectancy in the math. Based on this process knowledge, we then designed an experiment in Study 2 and tested the effect of presenting information about life expectancy, providing feedback about payouts or their combination. We find that we can thereby change the assessed financial value of annuities and increase participants' interest in annuities, especially among participants that reported attempts at using math. Understanding the processes individuals use to assess the value of annuities informs theory and practice.