Monosodium Glutamate-induced Toxicity Research Articles

Evaluation of ameliorating role of avocado Persea americana fruit extract against monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in pregnant female albino rats and their offspring

Evaluation of ameliorating role of avocado Persea americana fruit extract against monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in pregnant female albino rats and their offspring

Natural products as safeguards against monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity.

Monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of a nonessential amino acid, L-glutamic acid, which is widely used in food industry. Glutamate plays an important role in principal brain functions including formation and stabilization of synapses, memory, cognition, learning, as well as cellular metabolism. However, ingestion of foodstuffs rich in monosodium glutamate can result in the outbreak of several health disorders such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, obesity and diabetes. The usage of medicinal plants and their natural products as a therapy against MSG used in food industry has been suggested to be protective. Calendula officinalis, Curcuma longa, Green Tea, Ginkgo biloba and vitamins are some of the main natural products with protective effect against mentioned monosodium glutamate toxicity through different mechanisms. This review provides a summary on the toxicity of monosodium glutamate and the protective effects of natural products against monosodium glutamate -induced toxicity.

Comparison of the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa fruit, quercetin and vitamin E on monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in rats.

Capparis spinosa L. has many biological effects such as antioxidant properties. In the present study, we compared the effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa fruit, quercetin (Q), and vitamin E (Vit E) on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced toxicity. The following groups were designed: Control groups (normal saline and/or corn oil); MSG group (4.00 g kg-1 MSG); MSG + low dose extract group (4.00 g kg-1 MSG with 100.00 mg kg-1 extract); MSG + high dose extract (HDE) group (4.00 g kg-1 MSG with 300.00 mg kg-1 extract); MSG + Q group (4.00 g kg-1 MSG with 10.00 mg kg-1 Q); MSG + Vit E group (4.00 g kg-1 MSG with 200.00 mg kg-1 Vit E). All chemicals were orally administered for 14 consecutive days. Tissue specimens from the heart, kidney, and liver tissues and blood samples were collected for histopathological and biochemical evaluations. The results showed that the MSG-induced tissue edema, congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration were resolved by HDE, Q, and Vit E treatments. These chemicals also restored tissue malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase activity. Besides, alterations induced by MSG in serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase-MB were also resolved. It is concluded that Capparis spinosa fruit extract, Q and Vit E can produce approximately similar protective effects on tissue function through oxidative stress alleviation and antioxidant mechanisms restoration.

Possible Mechanism of Aframomum Sceptrum Extracts Mediated Modulation of Renal Function after Monosodium Glutamate Exposure

The objective of the research was to explain the possible mechanism of an earlier reported role of Aframomum sceptrum extract in the modulation of renal function parameters in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity.
 Materials and Methods. Similar experimental methods previously reported by us in Ogbeke et al., (2016) were maintained.
 Results. Monosodium glutamate administration led to a significant elevation of levels of serum and kidney lipid peroxidation due to decrease in the levels of serum and kidney antioxidant enzyme, super oxide dismutase, catalase, gluthathione peroxidase and gluthathione. There was observed increase in oxidative enzyme, aldehyde oxidase, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and monoamine oxidase activities in serum and kidney after monosodium glutamate consumption. Aframomum sceptrum treatment significantly regulated all altered indices.
 Conclusions. The study concluded that the ability of Aframomum sceptrum extract to modulate renal function parameters in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity is dependent on its efficacy in the induction and mobilization of antioxidant defense armory via the increased synthesis of tissue and serum enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as improved oxidative enzyme activities that mediates the quenching of rising aldehydes and sulfoxides, N-oxides and aromatic oxides within the kidney.

Evaluation of the effects of the green nanoparticles zinc oxide on monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in the brain of rats.

BackgroundMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is used extensively as a food additive in the diets of many countries around the world.Aim of the studyOur aim was to determine the effects of green zinc oxide nanoparticles on MSG-induced oxidative damage, neurotransmitter changes, and histopathological alternation in the cerebral cortexes of rats.MethodsMSG was administered orally at two doses of 6 and 17.5 mg/kg body weight. The higher dose was associated with a significant decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutathione (GSH) in the cerebral cortex of rats.ResultsThe administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles/green tea extract (ZnO NPs/GTE) to 17.5 mg/kg MSG-treated rats was associated with significant improvements in all parameters previously shown to be altered by MSG. The higher dose of MSG induced significant histopathological variation in brain tissue. Co-treatment of rats with ZnO NPs/GTE and MSG-HD inhibited the reduction of neurotransmitters and acetylcholinesterase by MSG.ConclusionsZnO NPs/GTE have the potential to protect against oxidative stress and neuronal necrosis induced by MSG-HD. ZnO NPs/GTE conferred a greater benefit than the control treatment or ZnO NPs or GTE administered separately.

Neuroprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Garcinia kola on Monosodium Glutamate - Induced Cerebellar Cortical Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

Aims: This study assessed the neuroprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Garcinia kola on monosodium glutamateinduced toxicity in the cerebellar cortex of adult Wistar rats. Study Design: Twenty-five adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=5): A, B, C, D, and E. Group A served as the control while the other groups served as the treated groups. Animals in group A were given feed and water liberally. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Animal Holdings of the Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria between September 2011 and December, 2011. Methodology: Animals in group B received 2.5 g/kg of monosodium glutamate orally for 14 days, Original Research Article Adeshina et al.; EJMP, 5(1): 13-22, 2015; Article no. EJMP.2015.002 14 group C received 200 mg/kg of Garcinia kola extract orally for 14 days, group D received 2.5 g/kg of monosodium glutamate and 200 mg/kg of Garcinia kola extract orally for 14 days and group E was pretreated with 200 mg/kg of Gracinia kola extracts orally for 14 days prior to the administration of 2.5 g/kg of monosodium glutamate for 14 days. The brain was excised and weighed before fixing in 10 % formal saline for histological processing. Results: The results reveal intact cerebellar neurons in group A, C and D. Group B reveals some cellular degeneration of cortical layers compared with other groups. Preservation of cerebellar tissue was observed in group B. Group E which was pretreated with Garcinia kola shows an appreciable preserved cerebellar tissue. Conclusion: This study concluded that Garcinia kola has protective effects on monosodium glutamate-induced cerebellar damage in adult Wistar rats.

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Toxicity on Testes and Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserves in Adult Male Albino Rats

Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Toxicity on Testes and Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserves in Adult Male Albino Rats

Neuroprotective evaluation of extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root in monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity in different brain areas male albino rats.

In this study, the neuroprotective effect of the extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) was investigated against MSG-induced neurotoxicity of male albino rat. The daily dose (4 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) i.p. injection of pure monosodium glutamate (MSG) for 30 days and subsequent withdrawal caused a significant decrease in epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) content all tested areas (cerebellum, brainstem, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus) at most of the time intervals studied. This is may be due to activation of glutamate receptors, which led to increased the intracellular concentration of Ca(+2) ions, so the release of neurotransmitters is increased and the content of monoamines is decreased. After the withdrawal, the decrease in monoamines levels remained in striatum, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, this may be due to the region specific effect of monosodium glutamate whereas, daily dose (100 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) i.p., injection of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract for 30 days and subsequent withdrawal caused a significant increased in epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) content all tested areas at most of the time intervals studied. This is may be due to inhibition of 5HT-3-receptor effects at the same time the extract blockade of Ca(+2) channel, as result the release of neurotransmitter is decreased and the content is increased. After the extract withdrawal, the increase in monoamine levels remained in brainstem, striatum and hippocampus, this may be due to the region specific effect of the extract. The coadminisration of monosodium glutamate and ginger root extract caused increased in monoamine content in most of the tested brain areas at different time intervals. This is may be due to partly attributable to an antagonistic action of ginger root extracts on monosodium glutamate effect, so the monoamines content was increased. From these results, we can say that the ginger extract has a neuroprotective role against monosodium glutamate toxicity effect.