Propylene Glycol Research Articles

Multi-Objective Optimization of Adhesive Joint Strength and Elastic Modulus of Adhesive Epoxy with Active Learning.

Studying multiple properties of a material concurrently is essential for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of its behavior and performance. However, this approach presents certain challenges. For instance, simultaneous examination of various properties often necessitates extensive experimental resources, thereby increasing the overall cost and time required for research. Furthermore, the pursuit of desirable properties for one application may conflict with those needed for another, leading to trade-off scenarios. In this study, we focused on investigating adhesive joint strength and elastic modulus, both crucial properties directly impacting adhesive behavior. To determine elastic modulus, we employed a non-destructive indentation method for converting hardness measurements. Additionally, we introduced a specimen apparatus preparation method to ensure the fabrication of smooth surfaces and homogeneous polymeric specimens, free from voids and bubbles. Our experiments utilized a commercially available bisphenol A-based epoxy resin in combination with a Poly(propylene glycol) curing agent. We generated an initial dataset comprising experimental results from 32 conditions, which served as input for training a machine learning model. Subsequently, we used this model to predict outcomes for a total of 256 conditions. To address the high deviation in prediction results, we implemented active learning approaches, achieving a 50% reduction in deviation while maintaining model accuracy. Through our analysis, we observed a trade-off boundary (Pareto frontier line) between adhesive joint strength and elastic modulus. Leveraging Bayesian optimization, we successfully identified experimental conditions that surpassed this boundary, yielding an adhesive joint strength of 25.2 MPa and an elastic modulus of 182.5 MPa.

Solvent-Dependent Dynamics of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Process-Relevant Flow Fields.

Flow-assisted alignment of anisotropic nanoparticles is a promising route for the bottom-up assembly of advanced materials with tunable properties. While aligning processes could be optimized by controlling factors such as solvent viscosity, flow deformation, and the structure of the particles themselves, it is necessary to understand the relationship between these factors and their effect on the final orientation. In this study, we investigated the flow of surface-charged cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with the shape of a rigid rod dispersed in water and propylene glycol (PG) in an isotropic tactoid state. In situ scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheo-optical flow-stop experiments were used to quantify the dynamics, orientation, and structure of the assigned system at the nanometer scale. The effects of both shear and extensional flow fields were revealed in a single experiment by using a flow-focusing channel geometry, which was used as a model flow for nanomaterial assembly. Due to the higher solvent viscosity, CNCs in PG showed much slower Brownian dynamics than CNCs in water and thus could be aligned at lower deformation rates. Moreover, CNCs in PG also formed a characteristic tactoid structure but with less ordering than CNCs in water owing to weaker electrostatic interactions. The results indicate that CNCs in water stay assembled in the mesoscale structure at moderate deformation rates but are broken up at higher flow rates, enhancing rotary diffusion and leading to lower overall alignment. Albeit being a study of cellulose nanoparticles, the fundamental interplay between imposed flow fields, Brownian motion, and electrostatic interactions likely apply to many other anisotropic colloidal systems.

Characterization and stability Test of Facial Spray Preparation of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as an Anti-Acne

Neem leaves are one of the natural ingredients used as an acne treatment. To avoid side effects from synthetic drugs, it is necessary to develop drugs from natural ingredients such as neem leaves. The aim of this research was to develop a facial spray with neem leaf extract as an anti acne-agent. This research method uses as a posttest-only design by giving different treatments to the propylene glycol concentration (5%, 10%, and 15%) and then carrying out a stability test. The stability tests carried out are organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, viscosity tests, microbial contamination tests, and dry time tests as preparation evaluations. The results of the stability test showed that the preparation was stable during storage at room temperature, as well as the influence of differences in propylene glycol concentration of the viscosity and drying time of the preparation. It was concluded that neem leaf extract could be formulated as a facial spray with good dosage stability.

Tailorable acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers for precision in digital light processing: Versatile solutions for biomedical applications

Bioengineering seeks to replicate biological tissues exploiting scaffolds often based on polymeric biomaterials. Digital light processing (DLP) has emerged as a potent technique to fabricate tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. However, the scarcity of suitable biomaterials with desired physico-chemical properties along with processing capabilities limits DLP's potential. Herein, we introduce acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers (AUPs) for precise physico-chemical tuning while ensuring optimal computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) mimicry. Varying the polymer backbone (i.e. poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) versus poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)) and photo-crosslinkable endcap (i.e. di-acrylate versus hexa-acrylate), we synthesized a series of photo-crosslinkable materials labeled as UPEG2, UPEG6, UPPG2 and UPPG6. Comprehensive material characterization including physico-chemical and biological evaluations, was followed by a DLP processing parametric study for each material. The impact of the number of acrylate groups per polymer (2 to 6) on the physico-chemical properties was pronounced, as reflected by a reduced swelling, lower water contact angles, accelerated crosslinking kinetics, and increased Young's moduli upon increasing the acrylate content. Furthermore, the different polymer backbones also exerted a substantial effect on the properties, including the absence of crystallinity, remarkably reduced swelling behaviors, a slight reduction in Young's modulus, and slower crosslinking kinetics for UPPG vs UPEG. The mechanical characteristics of DLP-printed samples showcased the ability to tailor the materials' stiffness (ranging from 0.4 to 5.3 MPa) by varying endcap chemistry and/or backbone. The in vitro cell assays confirmed biocompatibility of the material as such and the DLP-printed discs. Furthermore, the structural integrity of 3D scaffolds was preserved both in dry and swollen state. By adjusting the backbone chemistry or acrylate content, the post-swelling dimensions could be customized towards the targeted application. This study showcases the potential of these materials offering tailorable properties to serve many biomedical applications such as cartilage TE.

Machine learning-assisted chemical design of highly efficient deicers

The use of deicers in urban areas, on runways and aircrafts has raised concerns about their environmental impact. Understanding the ice-melting mechanism is crucial for developing environmentally friendly deicers, yet it remains challenging. This study employs machine learning to investigate the ice penetration capacity (IPC) of 21 salts and 16 organic solvents as deicers. Relationships between their IPC and various physical properties were analysed using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP). Three key ice-melting mechanisms were identified: (1) freezing-point depression, (2) interactions between deicers and H2O molecules and (3) infiltration of ions into ice crystals. SHAP analysis revealed different ice-melting factors and mechanisms for salts and organic solvents, suggesting a potential advantage in combining the two. A mixture of propylene glycol (PG) and sodium formate demonstrated superior environmental impact and IPC. The PG and sodium formate mixture exhibited higher IPC when compared to six commercially available deicers, offering promise for sustainable deicing applications. This study provides valuable insights into the ice-melting process and proposes an effective, environmentally friendly deicer that combines the strengths of organic solvents and salts, paving the way for more sustainable practices in deicing.

Oligoester Identification in the Inner Coatings of Metallic Cans by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Cone Voltage-Induced Fragmentation.

The application of polyesters as food contact materials is an alternative to epoxy resin coatings, which can be a source of endocrine migrants. By using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) with cone voltage-induced fragmentation in-source, a number of polyester-derived migrants were detected in the extracts of inner coatings of metallic cans. The polyester-derived migrants were detected in each inner coating of fish product-containing cans (5/5) and in one inner coating of meat product-containing can (1/5). They were not detected in the inner coatings of vegetable/fruit product-containing cans (10 samples). The respective detected parent and product ions enabled differentiation between cyclic and linear compounds, as well as unambiguous identification of diol and diacid units. Most of the detected compounds, cyclic and linear, were composed of neopentyl glycol as diol and two diacid comonomers, namely isophthalic acid and hexahydrophthalic acid. The other detected oligoesters were composed of neopentyl glycol or propylene glycol and adipic acid/isophthalic acid as comonomers. The compounds containing propylene glycol as diol were found to be exclusively linear cooligoesters. On the basis of abundances of [M+Na]+ ions, the relative contents of cyclic and linear oligoesters were evaluated.

Controlling grafting density of compatibilizer to enhance performance of thermoplastic Starch/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends

The wide utilization of thermoplastic starch (TPS) as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics is hindered by its high hydrophilicity, which limits compatibility with biodegradable polymers that are hydrophobic, such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Addressing this challenge, we introduce an innovative two-step blending process that effectively controls grafting density of a compatibilizer within a TPS/PBAT blend to enhance their interfacial compatibility without compromising the low-cost advantage of TPS. We synthesized a reactive compatibilizer, poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (EG), which was systemically located within the TPS phase. By controlling the grafting density of PBAT onto EG by adjusting the melt-blending duration (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 min), we successfully modified the affinity of the compatibilizer for the blend components and controlled its migration toward the PBAT phase. Adjustment of the duration of the pre-grafting of PBAT onto EG significantly influenced the distribution of the TPS domains throughout the blend. The blend that incorporated the compatibilizer pre-grafted for 20 min (blend B20) had the smallest domain size and maximum tensile strength. Additionally, this particular blend exhibited the highest complex viscosity and storage modulus among the compatibilized blends, along with significantly improved water barrier properties, thereby indicating effective compatibilizer anchoring between TPS and PBAT. Our findings underscore the potential of this two-step blending approach to design the optimal compatibilizer for the TPS blends, paving the way for their broader application in sustainable material development.

The artificial intelligence and design of experiment assisted in the development of progesterone-loaded solid-lipid nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the formulation development of nanomedicine. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of progesterone-loaded solid-lipid nanoparticles (PG-SLNs) produced through an emulsification–ultrasonication process, with a focus on demonstrating the efficacy of this controlled preparation method via the Design of Experiments (DoE) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Critical quality factors, including stearic acid, medium chain triglycerides (MCT), Pluronic F-127, and the amount of propylene glycol (PG), were explored using DoE to streamline experimental setups. The concentration of stearic acid was identified as a crucial factor influencing PG-SLN physicochemical properties, impacting particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and %drug loading (%DL). Optimal conditions for PS, PDI, ZP, and %DL were identified. DoE revealed acceptable values across multiple runs, and the ANN model demonstrates high prediction accuracy, surpassing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The selected PG-SLN formulation was tested for transdermal drug delivery, showing improved permeation compared to PG suspension. Loading with limonene further enhances transdermal drug delivery, attributed to limonene’s role as a penetration enhancer. Moreover, the selected PG-SLN formulation was found to be safe and non-toxic to neuronal cells. The combination of DoE and ANN was proposed to enhance predictive ability. This research highlights the potential of PG-SLNs in transdermal drug delivery, emphasizing the role of limonene as a safe and effective enhancer. The study contributes to the growing interest in applying AI tools in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields for improved predictive modeling.

MOF‐derived Ni‐WxC/carbon catalysts: Application to cellulose conversion into glycols

In this work, a series of Ni‐WxC/carbon materials have been prepared from a MOF precursor, DUT‐8(Ni), following different tungsten deposition routes. After pyrolysis, nickel‐tungsten alloys and tungsten carbide phases over nitrogen‐doped carbons were obtained. These materials were applied to cellulose hydrogenolysis, where molar yields of up to 46% in ethylene glycol (EG) and 9% in propylene glycol (PG) were obtained at 245 °C after 1 hour of reaction time. The best performing catalyst demonstrated promising stability, as the EG yield remained constant over 3 recycling tests and very little nanoparticles sintering was observed.

Heat transfer analysis of thermal radiative over a stretching curved surface using molybdenum disulfide and silicon dioxide composite material under the influence of solar radiation

PurposeThe primary focus of this study is to tackle a critical industry issue concerning energy inefficiency. This is achieved through an investigation into enhancing heat transfer in solar radiation phenomena on a curved surface. The problem formulation of governing equations includes the combined effects of thermal relaxation, Newtonian heating, radiation mechanism, and Darcy-Forchheimer to enhance the uniqueness of the model. This research employs the Cattaneo–Christov heat theory model to investigate the thermal flux via utilizing the above-mentioned phenomenon with a purpose of advancing thermal technology. A mixture of silicon dioxide (SiO_2)\\ and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS_2) is considered for the nanoparticle’s thermal propagation in base solvent propylene glycol. The simulation of the modeled equations is solved using the Shifted Legendre collocation scheme (SLCS). The findings show that, the solar radiation effects boosted the heating performance of the hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the heat transmission progress increases against the curvature and thermal relaxation parameter.Design/methodology/approachShifted Legendre collocation scheme (SLCS) is utilized to solve the simulation of the modeled equations.FindingsThe findings show that, the solar radiation effects boosted the heating performance of the hybrid nanofluid. The heat transmission progress increase against the curvature and thermal relaxation parameter.Originality/valueThis research employs the Cattaneo–Christov heat theory model to investigate the thermal flux via utilizing the above-mentioned phenomenon with a purpose of advancing thermal technology.

A New Class of Polyion Complex Vesicles (PIC-somes) to Improve Antimicrobial Activity of Tobramycin in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilms.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major healthcare concern due to its tolerance to antibiotics when enclosed in biofilms. Tobramycin (Tob), an effective cationic aminoglycoside antibiotic against planktonic PA, loses potency within PA biofilms due to hindered diffusion caused by interactions with anionic biofilm components. Loading Tob into nano-carriers can enhance its biofilm efficacy by shielding its charge. Polyion complex vesicles (PIC-somes) are promising nano-carriers for charged drugs, allowing higher drug loadings than liposomes and polymersomes. In this study, a new class of nano-sized PIC-somes, formed by Tob-diblock copolymer complexation is presented. This approach replaces conventional linear PEG with brush-like poly[ethylene glycol (methyl ether methacrylate)] (PEGMA) in the shell-forming block, distinguishing it from past methods. Tob paired with a block copolymer containing hydrophilic PEGMA induces micelle formation (PIC-micelles), while incorporating hydrophobic pyridyldisulfide ethyl methacrylate (PDSMA) monomer into PEGMA chains reduces shell hydrophilicity, leads to the formation of vesicles (PIC-somes). PDSMA unit incorporation enables unprecedented dynamic disulfide bond-based shell cross-linking, significantly enhancing stability under saline conditions. Neither PIC-somes nor PIC-micelles show any relevant cytotoxicity on A549, Calu-3, and dTHP-1 cells. Tob's antimicrobial efficacy against planktonic PA remains unaffected after encapsulation into PIC-somes and PIC-micelles, but its potency within PA biofilms significantly increases.

Effect of Vehicles and Irrigation Solutions and Methods on Removal of Double Antibiotic Paste from Root Canals: Insights from High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis

IntroductionIn regenerative endodontics, eradicating antibiotic residues from root canals is imperative, given their detrimental effects on human apical papilla stem cells. Previous antibiotic removal studies lacked precision in identifying types and quantities of residual antibiotics. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enhances sensitivity and specificity, enabling accurate detection and quantification of residual drugs. Using HPLC analysis, this study explored the influence of vehicles and irrigation solutions and methods on double antibiotic paste (DAP) removal from root canals. MethodsTwo DAP formulations, each containing 5 mg/mL ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, were created using distinct vehicles: macrogol and propylene glycol (MP) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Subsequently, 5 μL of DAP was applied to 200 simulated immature teeth with open apices (n = 100 per formulation) and cultured for 28 days at 37°C. Samples were then divided into 11 groups (n = 20 per group), and canals were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or 10% citric acid, employing a positive pressure syringe or passive ultrasonic irrigation. The irrigation solution and dentin sample from each tooth were evaluated via HPLC for ciprofloxacin and metronidazole quantification. ResultsCitric acid exhibited significantly superior efficacy in antibiotic removal from root canals, with no observable effect of irrigation methods on drug removal. The HPMC-based DAP formulation significantly enhanced ciprofloxacin removal compared with MP-based DAP. ConclusionsFor antibiotic paste removal from root canals, citric acid is effective, and HPMC is a preferable vehicle over MP. Overall, HPLC is a valuable method for detecting, removing, and quantifying residual antibiotics in root canals.

Photo-controlled organocatalyzed radical polymerization synthesis of well-defined azlactone-functionalized polymers and its (bio)conjugated application

Well-defined azlactone-functionalized polymers have emerged as highly valuable precursors for the synthesis of (bio)molecules-conjugated materials. The development of polymerization process working at moderate temperature or ambient temperature and without use of metal catalysts or odorous agents for the synthesis of azlactone-functionalized polymers would be attractive, particularly in biomedical applications. In the present study, we have successfully copolymerized 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM) and methacrylate monomers such as methyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA) by photoinduced reversible complexed mediated polymerization (photo-RCMP). The polymerization was conducted at a wavelength of 365 nm and was well controlled with an initial ratio of VDM as high as of 20 mol%. The copolymer molecular weight and its dispersity (Ð < 1.3) was well controlled during the whole process and the system was perfectly a photo-switchable “on/off” system with no polymerization took place when the system was not irradiated. In addition, the ability of the resulting amine-reactive copolymer to be engaged in post-polymerization modifications was demonstrated using furfurylamine and l-carnosine.

Preparation of printable copper submicron particle paste

Abstract Thanks to the rise of flexible printed electronics, printable conductive pastes have received more and more attention, especially copper paste that can be prepared on a large scale at low cost. We first prepared submicron copper particles by reducing copper sulfate solution with glucose and hydrazine as the reducing agents and then modified the surface of copper submicron particles with formate and ethylene glycol for antioxidant treatment. The surface-modified copper particles exhibit better corrosion and oxidation resistance. Next, the copper submicron particles were dispersed in propylene glycol to make copper slurry. The copper conductive pattern with a low resistivity of 6.09×10−4 Ω·cm can be fabricated by printing copper paste with a dispensing machine, followed by a sintering process in an argon atmosphere at 200°C for 10 min. As prepared copper conductive patterns have excellent mechanical flexibility on polyimide (PI) substrate, which will be conducive to the large-scale application of copper paste on flexible substrates.

Neuro-fuzzy model for predicting insulin delivery from crosslinked agar-carbomer hydrogels

This study focuses on the innovation of an inhaled sustained release form of insulin and the development of a neuro-fuzzy model specifically tailored to predict insulin release kinetics from polycondensed agar-carbomer hydrogels. These were synthesized by blending agar and carbomer, incorporating propylene glycol and glycerol, and then cross-linking by polycondensation. The structure and morphology of the hydrogel were analyzed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The neuro-fuzzy model, a combination of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic, employs inputs such as concentrations of crosslinking agents, polycondensation time, and release time, with the output being the rate of insulin release. The model demonstrated a strong correlation with experimental data, highlighting its effectiveness and precision in predicting insulin delivery from hydrogel compositions and temporal parameters. This emphasizes the importance of intelligent modelling for forecasting the kinetic release of therapeutic agents from novel drug delivery systems.

Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of carbamazepine

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is a widely accepted mode of drug delivery method due to various advantages and one of the novel routes for systemic delivery of drugs through intact skin. Topical drug administration is a systemic and localized method of delivering drugs through skin and is considered an attractive alternative to oral and parenteral routes. The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate Matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of Carbamazepine was prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. Several batches were prepared by using combination of HPMC E-15, Eudragit RL-100, and Ethyl Cellulose different ratios. Propylene glycol was used as plasticizer and DMSO was incorporated as a permeation enhancer. These Formulated transdermal patches were characterized for their physicochemical parameters like thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, percentage moisture uptake, Percentage moisture uptake and In vitro drug release studies were examined. Among the above all formulation F6 was chosen as a best Formulation, because this optimised formulation showed satisfactory drug content, physical characteristic for its thickness, weight uniformity, percentage moisture content, percentage moisture uptake, and maximum % of drug release i.e., 93.95 % in 12 hours. The optimized formulation (F6) showed maximum highest percentage of drug release.

The Negative Impact of Vaping and Electric Cigarettes for Healing of Chronic Wounds: A Literature Review

Non-smokers, particularly adolescents, face significant public health risks from e-cigarette use due to immediate health hazards, the potential for initiating tobacco use, and insufficient data on critical health outcomes, including wound healing. This study investigates vaping's impact on chronic wound healing, emphasizing e-cigarette chemical components. E-cigarettes contain common constituents: 1) Base liquids: Propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), 2) Nicotine, 3) Flavoring chemicals and additives, 4) Trace contaminants and toxins. Chronic wounds exhibit persistent inflammation, impaired proliferation, delayed remodeling, and environmental factors (e.g., ischemia, infection, trauma). E-cigarette components impair wound healing: VG induces osmotic effects and cellular toxicity, nicotine causes vasoconstriction, reduced oxygenation, and impaired angiogenesis. Flavoring chemicals contribute to cytotoxicity and modulate inflammatory responses, while contaminants like heavy metals induce oxidative stress and inflammation. Despite e-cigarettes' lower harm compared to traditional cigarettes, their effects on chronic wound healing remain poorly understood. Further research is essential to elucidate smoking's precise impact on chronic wound healing.

Antifungal activity and hair growth stimulation of purple sweet potato leaf fraction (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamk) and its molecular mechanism through androgen receptor inhibition

Alopecia presented a global challenge, spurring the search for new treatments. This study evaluated Ipomoea batatas leaf extracts for their ability to stimulate hair growth and inhibit Malassezia furfur. Secondary metabolites were identified and assessed for their potential to inhibit androgen receptors (AR) via LC-MS/MS and in silico analysis. The hair tonic formulation was optimized using a D-optimal mixture design to improve physicochemical properties. The plant’s extracts and fractions exhibited strong antifungal activity against M. furfur and significant hair growth stimulation compared to minoxidil. In silico analysis identified pyropheophorbide A, methyl-Pyropheophorbide A, hyperoside, and quercetin with superior affinity and stability in interacting with AR. The optimized formulation included 96% ethanol, propylene glycol, and Tween 80 to enhance hair tonic properties. I. batatas leaves showed promising potential in treating alopecia through hair growth stimulation, antifungal activity, and potential inhibition of AR. These findings opened avenues for further research and development in alopecia therapeutics.

The Negative Impact of Vaping and Electric Cigarettes for Healing of Acute Wounds: A Literature Review

Emerging evidence suggests that vaping can significantly impede wound healing, with prevalence rates of current e-cigarette use varying between 3.3% and 11.8%. This study aims to investigate the impact of vaping on wound healing, particularly in acute wounds encountered in plastic surgery settings. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), comprising a rechargeable battery and an atomizer or heating element, typically contain flavored liquids with or without nicotine as humectants. Skin wounds heal through overlapping inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Chemical constituents of e-cigarettes, including propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), nicotine, flavoring agents, and contaminants, hinder wound healing by inducing osmotic effects, cellular toxicity, vasoconstriction, reduced oxygen supply, impaired angiogenesis, cytotoxicity, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Similar to conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes may compromise wound healing through a multifaceted mechanism, although they may offer a comparatively less harmful alternative.

Formulation &amp; Evaluation of Aqueous Guava &amp; Babul Leaves for the Treatment of Mouth Ulcer

This study delved the development and evaluation of a new herbal gel for mouth ulcers using pulverized guava leaves. The gel incorporated colorful attention of the leaves with Carbopol 934 and Propylene glycol as a base. Evaluation included assessments of the gel's physical parcels and natural exertion. Infrared spectroscopy verified no adverse commerce between the leaves and the gelatinizing agent. The performing gel was transparent, invariant, and had a neutral pH range( 7- 7.5). also, it demonstrated good rheological parcels, spreading and banishing fluently. Anti- fungal tests revealed significant effectiveness against Candida albicans and Aspergillus aureus. In vitro analysis verified the presence of flavonoids in the guava leaves, contributing to their potent antioxidant exertion. This suggests implicit for combating oxidative stress associated with mouth ulcers. The formulated gel offered a stable, safe, and potentially superior volition to conventional synthetic treatments for mouth ulcers. Its overall parcels suggest a promising advancement in this area. In conclusion, the herbal gel displayed a range of desirable characteristics- translucency, unity, good rheology, potentanti-fungal exertion, and significant antioxidant parcels. These findings place it as a potentially safe and effective herbal remedy for mouth ulcers, potentially outperforming being synthetic options. Keywords- Guava Leaves Powder, Gel, Mouth Ulcer, antioxidant, mucosal layer.