Monodonta Labio Research Articles

Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of the Hsp70 Gene Family in Monodonta labio Reveals Its Role in Response to Nanoplastics Stress.

For marine invertebrates, the disruption of organismal physiology and behavior by nanoplastics (NPs) has been extensively reported. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are important for redundant protein breakdown, environmental changes, and intracellular protein transport. An exhaustive identification of Hsp70 genes and an experiment where different concentrations of NPs were stressed were performed to study how Hsp70 genes respond to NPs stress in Monodonta labio. Our results identified 15 members of Hsp70 within the genome of M. labio and provided insights into their responses to different concentrations of acute NP stress. Phylogenetic analyses revealed extensive amplification of the Hsp70 genes from the Hsc70 subfamily, with gene duplication events. As a result of NP stress, five of fifteen genes showed significant upregulation or downregulation. Three Hsp70 genes were highly expressed at an NP concentration of 0.1 mg/L, and no genes were downregulated. At 10 mg/L, they showed significant upregulation of two genes and significant downregulation of two genes. At 1 mg/L treatment, three genes were significantly downregulated, and no genes were significantly upregulated. Moreover, a purifying selection was revealed using a selection test conducted on duplicate gene pairs, indicating functional redundancy. This work is the first thorough examination of the Hsp70s in Archaeogastropoda. The findings improve knowledge of Hsp70s in molluscan adaptation to NP stress and intertidal living and offer essential data for the biological study of M. labio.

Population Structure and Phylogeography of Marine Gastropods Monodonta labio and M. confusa (Trochidae) along the Northwestern Pacific Coast

The genetic structure and demographic history of marine organisms are influenced by biological and ecological features, oceanic currents, and the paleo-geological effects of sea-level fluctuations. In this study, we used mitochondrial COI + 16S gene analysis to investigate the phylogeographic pattern and demography of Monodonta labio and M. confusa in Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, mainland China, and Korea. Our genetic analysis identified two major lineages that were not evident from the distribution patterns of different populations. The Taiwan Strait, which acted as a land bridge during Pleistocene glaciations, and the lack of strong dispersal barriers to gene flow between ocean basins after glaciations shaped the phylogeographic pattern. The genetic differentiation in the Ryukyu Islands was influenced by the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis and the Kuroshio Current. Bayesian skyline plot analyses suggested that the effective population size of M. labio and M. confusa rapidly increased approximately 0.1 and 0.075 million years ago, respectively. Our approximate Bayesian computation analysis suggested that all M. labio and M. confusa populations experienced a decline in population size following a recent population expansion and constant size, respectively. Our study provides a baseline for future investigations of the biogeographical patterns of marine gastropods in the Northwest Pacific and offers valuable insights for the management, sustainable resource utilization, and conservation of this species.

Transcriptional response of short-term nanoplastic exposure in Monodonta labio

Although nanoplastic (NP) pollution across aquatic environments has elicited widespread attention in recent years, its associated risks remain unclear. Using intertidal Monodonta labio as the test organism, RNA-Seq was performed to analyze the expression levels of genes under acute exposure to different concentrations of NPs in this study. A large quantity of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in response to three concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) of NPs. The expression levels of genes related to immunity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were altered after NP exposure, and most of them were suppressed. These findings establish the foundation for future research on the biological effects of NP ingestion among aquatic organisms and their potential effects on humans via the consumption of these marine resources. However, further research on DEGs is needed to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind their responses to NP toxicity in aquatic organisms.

Species inventory and density of gastropod in mangrove ecosystem at Tomini Bay Gorontalo

This study aimed to identify the inventory of gastropod species and Density at The Mangrove Ecosystem in Pentadu Timur Village, Tomini Bay, Gorontalo, from March to April 2022. Two observation stations were determined from purposive sampling, which was carried out in five transect lines and four quadrants measuring 1x1, while the gastropod samples were taken and then placed in a plastic bag for identification and documentation. In contrast, the density analysis was carried out descriptively by differentiating each species of Gastropod. The results showed that eight families and 11 species of gastropods were identified, namely; Monodonta labio, Cassidula aurisfelis, Littoraria sulcata, Nerita planospira, Chicoreus capucinus, Cerithium kobelti, Nassarius polygonatus, Cerithidea obtusa, Telescopium telescopium, and Tereblaria palustris. In both stations within the tourist area, two types of gastropod species experienced the highest and lowest densities for two months, namely Nassarius polygonatus, found at 20.4 ind/m² in march and 18.4 ind/m² in April, whereas the protected forest areas that species Telescopium found 14.2 ind/m² in march and 12.40 ind/m² in April

Concentration-response of six marine species to all-trans-retinoic acid and its ecological risk to the marine environment

Being a class of vitamin A’s main derivatives, retinoic acids (RAs) are important to animals’ growth and development. Previous studies demonstrated that exposure of excessive amounts of RAs would lead to malformation and abnormal development in aquatic animals such as amphibians and fishes. Currently, there are only limited toxicity data of RAs available for freshwater species, while those for marine species are seriously lacking. This study aimed to fill such data gap by conducting toxicity tests on six marine species (i.e., one microalga, four invertebrates and one fish) towards the exposure to all-trans-RA (at-RA), which is the most widely distributed RA in the environment. Results showed that the embryo of medaka fish Oryzias melastigma was the most sensitive towards the exposure of at-RA while the gastropod Monodonta labio was the least sensitive. A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was constructed based on the experimental results generated from the present study. An interim marine-specific predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of at-RA was derived at 2300 ng/L. By computing the hazard quotients using the interim marine-specific PNEC and available measured and predicted concentrations of RAs, we found the current levels of RAs posed no immediate risks to the marine environment of Hong Kong. The interim marine-specific PNEC was more than 500-fold of freshwater-specific PNEC (i.e., 3.93 ng/L), indicating that marine species were generally less sensitive than their freshwater counterparts towards RAs. This was the first study to document the concentration-response of various marine species towards at-RA exposure and construct the marine-specific SSD for assessing the ecological risk of at-RA towards the marine environment. Since various forms of RAs and their metabolites often coexist in aquatic environments, further studies should investigate their combined toxicity to an array of marine species of different trophic levels with consideration of chronic exposure scenarios.

Monodonta labio

This datasheet on Monodonta labio covers Identity, Distribution.

Struktur Komunitas dan Pola Sebaran Gastropoda pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Desa Bolihutuo, Kabupaten Boalemo, Gorontalo

This study aimed to investigate the community structure and distribution pattern of Gastropods in the mangrove ecosystem Bolihutuo village. The study was conducted in February and July 2021 in two different stations. Community structure analysis carried out includes species composition, density, diversity, evenness, dominance, and distribution patterns by Morisita dispersion index. The results showed that 13 species of gastropods were found from 8 families, namely Cassidula nucleus, Littoraria palescens, Chicoreus capucinus, Nasarius distortus and Phrontis polygonata, Nerita planospira, Faunus ater, Pirenella alata, Cerithidea obtuse, Telescopium Telescopium, Terebralia palustris, Terebralia sulcata and Monodonta labio. Gastropod diversity of each station in June was relatively higher than observations in February. The distribution of Gastropods has a clustered, random, and uniform pattern.Keywords: Bolihutuo, Community structure, distribution pattern, Gastropods, Mangrove

Community structure and distribution pattern of gastropods in the mangrove ecosystem in Bolihutuo Village, Boalemo, Gorontalo

This study aimed to investigate the community structure and distribution pattern of Gastropods in the mangrove ecosystem Bolihutuo village. The study was conducted in February and July 2021 in two different stations. Community structure analysis carried out includes species composition, density, diversity, evenness, dominance, and distribution patterns by Morisita dispersion index. The results showed that 13 species of gastropods were found from 8 families, namely Cassidula nucleus, Littoraria palescens, Chicoreus capucinus, Nasarius distortus and Phrontis polygonata, Nerita planospira, Faunus ater, Pirenella alata, Cerithidea obtuse, Telescopium Telescopium, Terebralia palustris, Terebralia sulcata and Monodonta labio. Gastropod diversity of each station in June was relatively higher than observations in February. The distribution of Gastropods has a clustered, random, and uniform pattern.Keywords: Community structure; distribution pattern; Gastropods; Mangrove; Bolihutuo

Variation in thermal performance curves for oxygen consumption and loss of critical behaviors in co-occurring species indicate the potential for ecosystem stability under ocean warming

Species-level differences in responses to environmental factors may increase a community's ability to retain key functions under environmental change. We compared the oxygen consumption rates and maintenance of critical behaviors for three co-occurring intertidal gastropod species over a temperature range of 30 °C. Each species exhibited a distinct thermal performance curve (TPC) for oxygen consumption. The TPC of Lunella granulata was horizontally shifted to be significantly warmer than that of Chlorostoma argyrostoma. Monodonta labio's TPC was vertically shifted compared to the other two species, reflecting greater oxygen consumption overall. L. granulata and M. labio maintained critical behaviors at temperatures 3–5 °C warmer than C. argyrostoma. These differences in the thermal tolerances of similar, co-occurring species provide space for the insurance effect of biodiversity to occur. Understanding the degree to which co-occurring species respond differently to increased temperature may help us predict community resistance in the face of climate change.

Effects of tidal zones and seasons on nutritional properties of commercially importance gastropods

Gastropods are important protein sources for coastal communities. This study performed a case study in Nan'ao Island to compare the spatial and temporal variations of lipids, proteins, carotenoids and antioxidant capacity of commercially important gastropods. Seven commercially important gastropods were identified from the rocky shores of Nan'ao Island. All the gastropods analysed had medium to high fat, low protein, and a considerable amount of total carotenoids. From low tide zone to high tide zone, the total antioxidant capacity of gastropods increased dramatically. In terms of fatty acid composition, all analysed gastropods had PUFA/SFA >0.45, but only three species had n-3/n-6 >1.00. In conclusion, some gastropods, especially Lunella coronata coreensis and Monodonta labio, have good nutritional value and potential health effects. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of the nutritional properties of commercially important gastropods in different rocky shore microenvironments and different seasons.

Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel on freshwater and marine tropical aquatic organisms

Water quality guidelines and ecological risk assessment of chemical substances like nickel (Ni) in tropical regions such as South East Asia and Melanesia are often based on temperate information as a result of fewer Ni ecotoxicity data available for tropical species. This leaves an unknown margin of uncertainty in the risk assessment in the tropics. In order to fill this data gap, this study was designed to conduct standard toxicity tests on Ni with two freshwater species (acute tests) and three marine species (acute and chronic tests) originated from tropical Hong Kong. All tests were carried out using measured concentrations of Ni with control mortality below 15%. The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were determined as 2520 (95% confidence interval: 2210, 2860) and 426 (351, 515) μg Ni L−1 for the freshwater gastropods Pomacea lineata (48 h) and Sulcospira hainanensis (96 h), respectively, while 96 h LC50s of 4300 (3610, 5090), 18,200 (6470, 51,200), 62,400 (56,800, 68,500), and 71,700 (68,200, 75,400) μg Ni L−1 were derived for the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus, the gastropod Monodonta labio, juvenile and adult of the marine fish Oryzias melastigma, respectively. The chronic effect concentration of 10% (EC10) based on the intrinsic rate of increase of the population of T. japonicus was 29 (12, 69) μg Ni L−1. In terms of growth inhibition, the chronic EC10 for M. labio was 34 (17, 67) μg Ni L−1. The results also indicated that T. japonicus in maturation stage (LC10: 484 (349, 919) μg Ni L−1) was less sensitive than its nauplii stage (LC10: 44 (27, 72) μg Ni L−1). This study represents an important addition of high-quality toxicity data to the tropical Ni toxicity database which can be used for future ecological risk assessment of Ni and derivation of its water quality guidelines in tropical regions.

The mitochondrial genome of the toothed top shell snail Monodonta labio (Gastropoda: Trochidae): the first complete sequence in the subfamily monodontinae

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is a powerful tool that is extensively used in genomic and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, the complete mitogenome of the toothed top shell snail (Monodonta labio) has been sequenced and annotated for the first time. The complete circular genome is 16,440 bp in length including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA and two ribosomal RNA genes. All of the protein-coding genes use the standard initiation codon ATN and are terminated by the termination codons TAA and TAG. All of the tRNA genes have the typical clover leaf structure, with the exception of the tRNA-Asp, which lacks aTψC arm, and tRNA-Ser(AGN), which lacks a DHU arm. Relatively short intergenic spacers and overlaps are observed in this mitogenome. Our phylogenetic tree shows that M. labio is clustered together with other species within Trochidae. The complete mitogenome of M. labio provide essential DNA data for evolutionary and phylogenetic analysis of marine gastropods.

Gastropoda di Perairan Budidaya Rumput Laut (Eucheuma sp) Kecamatan Suppa Kabupaten Pinrang

Abstract. Indonesia has a high diversity of marine life, including gastropods. The distribution of gastropods varies in various locations at sea such as at the location of seaweed cultivation in Suppa Regency. These types of gastropods have not been identified even though the public knows the benefits of this organism. Therefore, efforts are needed to inventory these types of gastropods. The purpose of this study was to determine Gastropods living together in seaweed aquaculture locations (Eucheuma sp) in Suppa District. This research uses free roaming techniques along the seaweed cultivation location. The population is all types of gastropods that live together in seaweed farming locations. Samples are types of gastropods found at seaweed farming locations. Samples of abiotic and biotic factors along seaweed farming locations are also recorded as supporting inventory data. Gastropods were found there were 9 (nine) types that came from 8 (eight) genera, 5 (five) families. There are 3 species found in all sampling points, namely Cerithidea cingulata, Terebralia sulcata, and Terebralia palustris. Species found in certain locations and not found in other locations are Telecospium telecospium, Faunus ater, Rhinoclavis vertagus, Strombus microurceus, Nerita insculpta, and Monodonta labio. The suggestion of this research is to periodically observe the diversity of gastropod species in seaweed cultivation locations to determine patterns of interaction between organisms and the environment that occur seaweed cultivation locations.Keywords: gastropods, seaweed, pinrang district

Shell variations in the gastropod,Monodonta labio, in the North-western Pacific: the important role of temperature in the evolution process

AbstractMolluscan shells showing phenotypic variations are ideal models for studying evolution and plasticity. In north-eastern Asia, genetic and morphological diversity of the gastropod,Monodonta labio, were assumed to be influenced by both palaeoclimatic changes and current ecological factors. In this study, we examined spatial variations in shell shape ofM. labiousing general measurement and geometric morphometric analysis. We also investigated whether shell shape variation is best explained by environmental gradients or by genetic structuring, based on our prior molecular phylogeographic study. Two common morphological forms were observed among Chinese populations and in the adjacent Asian areas. Both the analyses revealed separation patterns in morphological variations of shell shape among the clades and populations. Environmental modelling analysis showed a significant correlation between shape variations and local maximum temperatures of the warmest month, indicating the role of natural selection in the evolution of this species. Data obtained in this study, combined with the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular phylogenetic data from the prior study, showed that morphological variations inM. labiowere constrained by both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesized that geographic separation by the Dongshan Landbridge was the first step towards its diversification, and that the temperature gradient between the East China Sea and South China Sea probably was the selective force driving the divergence of its morphological variations.

Biodiversity surveys and stable isotope analyses reveal key differences in intertidal assemblages between tropical seawalls and rocky shores

As coastal cities around the world expand, and sea levels and the frequency of storms rise, natural shorelines are steadily being replaced by artificial defences such as seawalls. A growing number of studies have documented the assemblages that inhabit these novel environments, and some have contrasted them against those found in their natural analogues: rocky shores. Most of this work has, however, been conducted in temperate regions, and there is limited research on seawalls in the tropics. To address this, we conducted monthly surveys of adjacent seawall and rocky shores at multiple sites around Singapore for 1 yr. Our results concur with previous temperate studies—artificial seawalls support a lower diversity but share a substantial number of species with rocky shores. Multivariate analyses reveal that assemblage differences were largely driven by species that were found in both habitats (e.g. detritivore Ligia exotica, grazer Monodonta labio and carnivorous whelk Drupella margariticola) but occurred in different abundances. We also conducted (for the first time on seawalls) stable isotope analyses to elucidate the diets of the common species found in both habitats. Turf algae, which were found to be present in significantly lower abundances on seawalls, could possibly contribute substantially to the diets of many dominant herbivores. Future seawall enhancement efforts in the tropics could therefore look into whether enhancing turf algae will improve biodiversity.

Post-Embryonic Development and Genital-Complex Formation in Three Species of Polyclad Flatworms.

Without the establishment of effective culturing systems, little can be known about the late developmental stages of polyclad flatworms. Here, we report a laboratory culturing system for three polyclad species: Comoplana pusilla, Notocomplana koreana, and Pseudostylochus obscurus, and we describe changes in their morphology from hatching to reproductive maturity. These species hatch out as lobe-less larvae with four eyespots, but the number of eyespots increases in later development. Cross-like and triangularly shaped larvae are observed in N. koreana and P. obscurus, respectively. After settlement, a pale area appears on the body of juveniles and then develops into the copulatory complexes. All three species could be successfully reared on brine shrimp, but only C. pusilla and N. koreana achieved reproductive maturation in such a culturing system. In P. obscurus, switching the food to the gastropod Monodonta labio induced sexual maturation.

STUDI HISTOPATOLOGI GONAD GASTROPODA LAUT (THAIS TUBEROSA DAN MONODONTA LABIO) YANG MENGALAMI IMPOSEKS AKIBAT TERPAPAR TRIBUTYLTIN (TBT)

Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound used as antifouling material for ship or boat paints to preventattachment of marine biota on the wall of ships or boats. The most dangerous effect of TBT bioaccumulation onmarine organisms, particularly gastropods, is the failure on the reproduction system, such as the occurrence ofimposex symptoms. The main purposes of this study are to know the histopathology of gonads by species Thaistuberosa and Monodonta labio that has been exposed to imposeks the compound tributyltin (TBT). The samplingof Thais tuberosa and Monodonta labio was conducted at 2 sites: Manado Port and Tateli Coastal Waters. Thehistopathology test was conducted in the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Manado, withHaematoxylin-Eosin (HE) technique. The result showed that histopatology gonads marine gastropods type Thaistuberosa and Monodonta labio there has been a change in the tissues showing the imposex character, ifcompared with tissues of normal individuals of male and female, but in these changes tissues not cause damagecaused by a compound tributyltin (TBT).Keywords : Histopatology of gonad, Gastropods, Imposex, Tributyltin

Cryptic diversity of marine gastropod Monodonta labio (Trochidae): did the early Pleistocene glacial isolation and sea surface temperature gradient jointly drive diversification of sister species and/or subspecies in the Northwestern Pacific?

AbstractFormation of glacial refugia during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations has been put forward to elucidate the diversification of marine organisms in the north‐western Pacific. The marine gastropod Monodonta labio is one of the most common species in the Northwestern Pacific and possibly possesses cryptic diversity. Here, we investigate the phylogeographic pattern of this species to test the potential mechanisms driving its diversification in the Northwestern Pacific. Genetic information for two mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA) and one nuclear gene (internal transcribed spacer 1) was acquired to detect genetic structuring and to reconstruct the gastropod's phylogenetic history. Our results revealed that M. labio is comprised of five main clades, and divergence time estimates place their cladogenesis as corresponding to the initiation (c. 2.5 mya) and intensification (c. 0.9 mya) of large‐scale Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. The early and middle Pleistocene divergence times are consistent with the emergence times of the Dongshan land bridge, which would seperate the ancient East China Sea and the ancient South China Sea forming two potential refugia. In addition, the deep trough in the Qiongzhou Strait would possibly act as another potential refugium with the uplift of the Qiongzhou Strait at mid‐Pleistocene. This study suggests that the current genetic architecture of M. labio is probably correlated with glacial isolation and sea surface temperature gradient. We also put forward the possibility that these factors were probably an important driver for the diversification of sister species or subspecies of other taxa in the Northwestern Pacific.

Cytotoxic Constituents of the Vietnamese Sea Snail Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758)

Background: Marine molluscs, the most diverse species in ocean, have been recognized as a good source of bioactive compounds. Monodonta labio is a species of top snail belonging to the family Trochidae (class Gastropoda, phylum Mollusca). This is one of the least investigated species with few alkaloids and aminoalkylphosphonyl cerebrosides isolated and identified to date. Methods: We used various chromatographic methods to isolate compounds from the acetone extract of sea snail Monodonta labio. Spectroscopic experiments were used to elucidate the structures of isolated compounds. The cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines as carcinoma (A-549), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), and cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela) was evaluated by an MTT assay. Results: Two new tetrahydropyran derivative diastereoisomers; namely monodontins A (1) and B (2), together with twelve known compounds as rivularin A (3), 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentanedione (4), L-thymidine (5), thymine (6), 5β,6-epoxy-cholestan-3β-ol (7), melithasterol A (8), 5α,6α-epoxy- 3β,7α-dihydroxycholest-8(14)-ene (9), cholesta-3β,5α,6β-triol (10), cholest-7-ene-3β,5α,6β-triol (11), cholest-5-ene-3β,7β-diol (12), cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol (13), and 3β-hydroxycholesta-5,8-dien-7-one (14), were isolated from the acetone extract of sea snail Monodonta labio. Among the isolated compounds, compound 3 exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity on A-549 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.04±0.01 μM and strong effect on Hep3B cell line with an IC50 value of 0.82±0.13 μM. Compounds 4 and 8 showed selective and strong activity against only A-549 cell line (IC50 = 1.92±0.79 and 2.14± 0.16 μM). Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that the constituents from Monodonta labio contained potent cytotoxic compounds and might be potential candidates for further molecular mechanism-of-action studies. Keywords: Marine mollusk, Monodonta labio, monodontin A, monodontin B, structural elucidation, tetrahydropyran derivative.

Quick characterization of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 shellfishes by oligosaccharide analysis upon acid hydrolysis

Uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) including well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and some non-GAGs exist widely in animal kingdom. Although numerous methods have been established to analyze GAGs, few methods are available for non-GAG UACPs. In the present study, a protocol to identify all kinds of UACPs with repeating disaccharide units of hexosamine and uronic acid was demonstrated, and UACP components in five shellfishes, namely Turritella fortilirata Sowerby (GTF), Batillaria zonalis (GBZ), Nassarius variciferus (GNV), Monodonta labio Linnaeus (GML), and Argopecten irradians Lamarck (BAI) were primarily revealed. After a simple isolation procedure, crude polysaccharides were depolymerized by controlled acid hydrolysis, and then the resulting oligosaccharides were detected by HPLC coupled with mass spectrometer after 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) labeling. According to chromatograms using the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, chondroitin sulfate (CS) was found in GNV and GML, a non-GAG named abalone gonad sulfated polysaccharide (AGSP) with a backbone of →4)-β-GlcA-(1 → 2)-α-Man-(1→ repeating units in GBZ, and both of AGSP and CS in BAI and GTF. Further characterization of tetrasaccharides and sulfated/acetylated disaccharides by HPLC combined with an ion trap mass spectrometer confirmed the structural identification of CS and AGSP, and indicated CS in GTF and BAI was Type C. These results suggest the 5 mollusks as potential resources for CS and AGSP. And the analysis protocol presented in this study was powerful and effective for quick characterization of UACPs including GAGs as well as non-GAGs in complicated matrix.