Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels Research Articles

High-fat diet leads to adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation: the effect of whey protein supplementation and aerobic exercise training.

There is little understanding about dietary proteins and their potential contribution to obesity-induced inflammation. This study investigates the effect of 10 weeks of aerobic training and whey protein (WP) supplementation on visceral adipose tissue inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In the first phase, which lasted 9 weeks, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) normal diet (n = 8), and (2) HFD (n = 32). In the second phase, rats fed an HFD were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 8/group): (1) sedentary, (2) WP, (3) aerobic training, and (4) WP + aerobic training. The aerobic training was performed for 10 weeks, 5 days/week at 21 m/min, 15% incline, for 60 min/day. HFD significantly increased body weight, adiposity index, fat pads weight, glucose levels, and insulin resistance index compared with the normal diet. Also, levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in adipose tissue and serum levels of TNF-α were increased in the HFD group. Glucose levels, insulin resistance index, and triglycerides were reduced only by WP, independently of aerobic training. Both the aerobic training and WP reduced the fat pads weight and levels of TNF-α, HIF-1α, and VEGF-A in adipose tissue. Nevertheless, the levels of MCP-1 in adipose tissue and serum levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were not reduced significantly by WP or aerobic training. These findings suggest that both aerobic training and WP supplementation lead to a reduction in adiposity and ameliorate obesity-induced inflammation in visceral adipose tissue.

The association between MCP-1, VEGF polymorphisms and their serum levels in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate distribution of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) –2518A/G and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) –634G/C polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes melitus patients (T2DM) presenting diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of these 2 polymorphisms on serum levels of MCP-1 and VEGF in the study population.Patients diagnosed with T2DM without or with DFU were recruited in the study. The distribution of MCP-1 –2518A/G and VEGF –634G/C polymorphisms was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect the protein levels of MCP-1 and VEGF. The comparisons of protein levels in DFU patients were performed by student t test according to their genotypes.The frequencies of GG genotype and G allele of MCP-1 –2518A/G was increased in DFU patients, compared with T2DM patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–5.50, P = .011 and OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.18–2.50, P = .005, respectively). Moreover, the increased frequency of GG was significantly associated with up-regulated MCP-1 level in DFU patients (P < .001). Analysis for VEGF –634G/C polymorphisms indicated that the prevalence of CC genotype and C allele of the polymorphisms was decreased in DFU patients, compared with T2DM patients (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.17–0.77, P = .008 and OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.91, P = .015, respectively). DFU patients carrying CC genotype had a higher level of VEGF than those with other genotypes (P = .007).MCP-1 –2518A/G and VEGF –634G/C polymorphisms may involve in occurrence and progress of DFU through regulating transcription activity of the genes.

MiR-155 and miR-122 Expression of Spermatozoa in Obese Subjects

Obesity is characterized by mild chronic inflammation that is linked with impaired iron homeostasis. Studies in human and murine show that there is a transgenerational epigenetic inheritance via the gametes in obesity; however, there is little information on changes in the expression of microRNAs related to inflammation and iron homeostasis in spermatozoa from obese subjects. The present study investigated the expression of microRNAs related to inflammation (miR-21 y miR-155) and iron nutrition (miR-122 and miR-200b) in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and spermatozoa from normozoospermic controls (Cn; n = 17; BMI: 24.6 ± 2.0) and obese (Ob; n = 17; BMI: 32.6 ± 4.4) men. To determine the inflammation levels, we measured IL-6, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) by Magnetic Luminex® Assay. mRNA expression of IL6, TNF-α, and hepcidin (HAMP) in PBMC were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The analysis of microRNAs was performed using the Taqman® assays. The iron content in PBMC, seminal plasma, and spermatozoa was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). High serum IL6, TNF-α, and MCP1 levels were observed in Ob group (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis showed an increased abundance relative of TNF-α (p = 0.018), HAMP (p = 0.03), and IL6 (p = 0.02) in PBMC from obese subjects. Also, we observed high levels of serum ferritin (p = 0.03), iron content in seminal plasma (p = 0.04), and spermatozoa (p = 0.002), but lower serum Fe (p = 0.007) in obese subjects. In the Ob group, a high expression of miR-155 (p = 0.02) and miR-21 (p = 0.03) was observed in PBMC and miR-122 (p = 0.03) in plasma. In sperm, both miR-155 (p = 0.004) and miR-122 (p = 0.028) were high in the Ob group. Our results showed that obese subjects have increased expressions of miR-155 and miR-122, two microRNAs that were previously related with inflammation and iron metabolism, respectively, at both the systemic and sperm levels.

The effect of trauma and alcohol on the relationship between level of cytokines and depression among patients entering psychiatric treatment

BackgroundDepression is associated with immunological responses as reflected by altered levels of circulating cytokines. Alcohol use and trauma may modulate immune activity, and few studies have investigated these factors in depressed patients. We aimed to explore the association between circulating peripheral cytokine levels and degree of depressive symptoms, taking trauma and alcohol into account.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional assessment of patients at admission to a specialized psychiatric center in Norway. A total of 128 patients were included. Information was gathered using the self-administered questionnaires Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), in addition to clinical interviews recording childhood or adult life trauma. Serum levels of the cytokines Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and the chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) were assessed. A Luminex bead-based multiplex assay was used for cytokine measurements. Patient cytokine levels were compared to those of healthy volunteers by the Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsLevels of cytokines did not differ across patients with mild, moderate and severe depression. AUDIT score was not related to cytokine levels, but to level of depression. A history of trauma was related to higher levels of IL-1RA and TNF-α (p = 0.048 and p = 0.033, respectively), especially among the severely depressed. Serum levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than in healthy volunteers.ConclusionsFindings indicate that depression was not related to levels of circulating cytokines among patients in treatment, but that traumatized patients had higher levels of IL-1RA and TNF-α than patients without trauma experience. The lack of relationship between cytokine level and depression was evident both in those without and with trauma.

Possible mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic forms of cerebrovascular diseases

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a basis for the clinical presentation of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). However, the role of the mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis in the origin of CI is unclear, as is its relationship to the number and localization of foci during a neuroimaging examination. Objective : to investigate the relationship between the presence of CI, focal brain tissue changes, and the plasma and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with CCI. Patients and methods . Examinations were made in 59 patients with CCI and in 20 apparently healthy individuals. The investigators evaluated the cognitive status using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the clock drawing test), performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), duplex scanning of cerebral vessels, and determined laboratory indicators: the serum levels of MCP-1 and C-reactive protein, and the serum and plasma concentrations of VEGF. Results . The patients with CI were found to have higher values of inflammatory markers, lower serum and plasma concentrations of angiogenic factors, and a greater number of focal changes on MRI than those without CI (5.06±0.23 and 2.36±0.3 scores, respectively; p<0.05). Imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors can cause disease progression and moderate vascular CI in patients with CCI.

Correlation study between the levels of serum MCP-1,SAA and cognitive function in patients with COPD-OSAHS

Objective:To study the correlation among the serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),serum amyloid A(SAA) and the level of cognitive function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome overlap syndrome(OS).Method:Sixty patients with OS were in the experimental group, and 33 patients with COPD were in control group. The serum levels of MCP-1 and SAA were measured, and the correlation among MCP-1, SAA and cognitive function was observed by the Montreal scale.Result:①The serum levels of MCP-1 and SAA in OS group were (159.85±21.38)ng/L and (122.64±42.49)ng/L respectively,which in control group were (135.02±15.31)ng/L and (71.37±10.16)ng/L respectively.There were the was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). ②Montreal scale score and its sub items in OS group were lower than the control group.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).③There was significant negative correlation between Montreal scale and the serum levels of MCP-1(r=-0.654,P<0.05) and SAA (r=-0.617,P<0.05) in OS group.Conclusion:Patients in the OS group had obvious cognitive impairment compared with the ones in control group, which suggested that OSAHS might be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. The cognitive function of OS patients was negatively related to MCP-1 and SAA, which suggested that MCP-1 and SAA played a role in the occurrence of cognitive impairment in OS patients.

Short-term insulin intensive therapy decreases MCP-1 and NF-κB expression of peripheral blood monocyte and the serum MCP-1 concentration in newlydiagnosed type 2 diabetics.

To observe the effect of short-term insulin intensive treatment on the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as well as on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression of peripheral blood monocyte. This is also in addition to observing the serum MCP-1 level in newlydiagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and probing its anti-inflammation effects. Twenty newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were treated with an insulin intensive treatment for 2 weeks. MCP-1 and NF-κB expression on the monocyte surface were measured with flow cytometry, the serum MCP-1 level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during pretreatment and post-treatment. After 2 weeks of the treatment, MCP-1 and NF-κB protein expression of peripheral blood monocyte and serum MCP-1 levels decreased significantly compared with those of pre-treatment, which were (0.50 ± 0.18)% vs (0.89 ± 0.26)% (12.22 ± 2.80)% vs (15.53 ± 2.49)% and (44.53 ± 3.97) pg/mL vs (49.53 ± 3.47) pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.01). The MCP-1 expression on monocyte surface had a significant positive relationship with serum MCP-1 levels (r = 0.47, P < 0.01). Short-term insulin intensive therapy plays a role in alleviating the increased inflammation reaction in type 2 diabetics.

Endothelial activation and infarct size at the acute phase of myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) leads to an intense inflammatory response with endothelial cell activation. Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) promote the adherence of leucocytes especially monocytes, in the infarcted area which may increase infarct size (IS). Our objective was to evaluate the kinetic of endothelial cell activation markers at the acute phase of ST-elevated MI (STEMI) and their relationship with IS and Major Adverse Cardiac Event (MACE). Blood sample of 182 STEMI patients were collected at admission and four hours after reperfusion. Infarct Size (IS) was assessed in all patients using cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI) one month after discharge. We performed ELISA quantification of the main markers of endothelial cell activation in serum: VCAM-1, E-selectin, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. Patients mean age was 58 ± 11 years with 77% males. Median levels of each marker at admission reached 165.3 ng/mL interquartile range (IQR) [127.0–193.3] for VCAM-1, 140.6 ng/mL IQR [104.6–196.6] for ICAM-1, 15.3 ng/mL IQR [10.2–23.3] for E-selectin and 53.8 pg/mL IQR [34.7–90.5] for MCP-1. VCAM-1 and MCP-1 serum levels significantly increased four hours after admission (respectively +6% and +32%). E-selectin and ICAM-1 levels did not change four hours after admission compared to admission. Only VCAM-1 was significantly correlated with IS assessed by cMRI ( r = 0.26, P = 0.0004) and inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction ( r = −0.16, P = 0.04). However, VCAM-1 level and other markers were not associated with MACE. MI is associated with endothelial cell activation. VCAM-1 and MCP-1 significantly increased at the acute phase of MI whereas E-selectin and ICAM-1 levels are stable. Only VCAM-1 serum level was correlated with IS. However, none of these markers was associated with the occurrence of MACE.

Relationship between the free thyroxine (FT4) and monocyte chemo- attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) serum levels, which is a marker for atherosclerosis studied in postmenopausal and obese women without manifest thyroid disease

A strong evidence has been demonstrated for an increased risk of stroke in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an active role in vascular disease leading to stroke in consequence of acute thrombosis. The relationship between free thyroxine (FT4) and MCP-1 serum levels was investigated in 72 postmenopausal, 37 obese and 16 healthy, control women without manifest thyroid disease. Serum levels of MCP- 1 were measured with enzyme-linked and FT4 with chemiluminescence immunoassays. The results were evaluated according to age, body mass (BMI) index and thyroid gland volume (TGV) of patients. An inverse correlation between FT4 and MCP-1 serum levels was found in the whole group (P<0.018, r=-0.4648), and a positive correlation between FT4 and age (P<0.003, r=0.5177). In detail, MCP-1 levels inversely correlated with FT4 levels in postmenopausal (P<0.01, r=0.5586), and positively with BMI index (P<0.04, r=0.5788) in obese women. In controls, FT4 serum levels showed a strong association with TGV (P<0.02, r=0.7918). MCP-1 serum levels increased in postmenopausal and obese women compared with those in controls (17.46±2.96 and 19.55±3.03 ng/ml vs. 15.93±0.56 ng/ml, P<0.043 and P<0.0001, respectively). Surprisingly, FT4 levels were significantly decreased (13.9±2.58 vs. 15.61±2.81 pmol/l, P<0.003) and MCP-1 levels increased (P<0.01) in obese women compared with those in postmenopausal women. In summary, elevated MCP- 1 serum levels are present in postmenopausal and obese women without manifest thyroid disease. MCP-1 levels were inversely associated with FT4 in postmenopausal and positively with BMI index in obese women. In postmenopausal and obese women without manifest thyroid disease, the reduced FT4 serum levels can be regarded as a marker of risk for atherosclerosis via elevated MCP-1 levels.

Proinflammatory state in obese children

Obesity is a chronic disease that affects adults as well as children and is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. One of the reasons for the presence of low-grade inflammation in these patients could be that adipose tissue of the obese produces proin flammatory molecules that favor the development of atherosclerosis. To determine serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), in an obese chil dren population compared to a control group, also to analyze the correlation of these molecules with the anthropometric and metabolic variables. A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on 37 obese children, aged 8 to 12 years, and 20 children with normal weight. Serum levels of sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α and hsCRP were determined. Data were expressed as the median and interquartil range and Spearman coefficient was used to investigate correlations between variables. Compared to the control group, obese children presented significantly higher values of sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and hsCRP than control group. Body mass index and waist circumference correlated positively with sCD40L and MCP-1. Elevated levels of the studied molecules studied suggest the presence of low-grade inflammation associated with obesity in this population.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as a marker of systemic lupus erythematosus: an observational study.

There is a pivotal need for new markers to be tested in every day clinical practice for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the serum and urine of 72 SLE patients (27 with LN and 45 without LN involvement) and 30 healthy individuals were studied to establish their clinical significance. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was used to establish the disease activity. Urine and serum MCP-1 was determined using the sandwich enzyme immunosorbent assay. Urinary, but not serum MCP-1, positively correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.839; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration, evaluated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula (r = - 0.293; p < 0.05), and with C3 complement component in active LN patients (r = - 0.519, p = 0.019). Both serum and urinary MCP-1 demonstrated a positive correlation with SLEDAI (r = 0.318; p < 0.01 and r = 0.431; p < 0.001). We also demonstrated that the levels of serum and urinary MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls, regardless of the disease activity and renal involvement. We recommend MCP-1 measurement in the routine laboratory follow-up of the SLE patients.

Effect of simvastatin on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endometriosis patients: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSimvastatin is a promising new drug for the treatment of endometriosis. It is a cholesterol-lowering drug that acts by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in a decrease in mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). This study investigated the effect of pre-operative oral simvastatin administration on MCP-1 gene expression and serum MCP-1 protein levels in patients with endometriosis.MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted at the Reproductive Endocrinology Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Forty women (mean age: 18–45 years) scheduled for laparoscopic surgery who had been diagnosed with endometriosis were recruited and randomly assigned to either a treatment group (20 mg/d of orally administered simvastatin for 2 weeks before surgery) or an untreated control group. Serum was collected before and after treatment and protein levels of MCP-1 were determined. MCP-1 and CD68 transcript levels were also quantified using real-time PCR on endometriotic cyst tissues.ResultsMCP-1 gene expression on endometriotic cyst was not significantly different between the simvastatin-treated and untreated groups (P = 0.99). CD68 expression was higher in the treatment group compared to the control group, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.055). Serum MCP-1 levels following simvastatin treatment were higher than in samples obtained before treatment (297.89 ± 70.77 and 255.51 ± 63.79 pg/ml, respectively) (P = 0.01).ConclusionsTreatment with 20 mg/d of simvastatin for 2 weeks did not reduce the expression of either the chemokine MCP-1 gene or macrophage-specific genes. Cumulatively, this suggests that simvastatin is not ideal for treating endometriosis because a higher dose of simvastatin (40–100 mg/d) would be needed to achieve the target outcome, which would significantly increase the risk of myopathy in patients.Trial registrationThai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20130627003 Registered: June 27, 2013.

The efficacy of microsurgery in the treatment of cerebral aneurysm rupture and its effect on NF-κB, MCP-1 and MMP-9.

The clinical efficacy of microsurgical neck clipping for the treatment of cerebral aneurysm rupture and its effect on serum nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated β cells (NF-κB), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were investigated. A total of 56 patients with first occurrence of cerebral aneurysm rupture were enrolled from June 2015 to June 2016. These patients were divided into control (25 patients) and observation groups (31 patients) according to treatment received. The patients in the control group were treated with interventional embolization and extraventricular drainage, while the patients in the observation group were treated with microsurgical neck clipping. Serum NF-κB, MCP-1 and MMP-9 levels were measured by ELISA prior to the operation and at 6 h post-operation. Clinical effects were compared at the 6-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in the success rate of the operation between the two groups (p>0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). The Glasgow Outcome Scale score was significantly improved in the observation group (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Serum NF-κB, MMP-9 and MCP-1 were significantly decreased in both groups at 6 and 24 h after operation, but the observational group showed significantly lower levels for all three proteins than the control group (p<0.05). The application of early microsurgical neck clipping for the treatment of cerebral aneurysm rupture can reduce complications and improve clinical prognosis, and this may be related to a decrease in serum inflammatory response-related factors (NF-κB and MCP-1) and MMP-9.

Significant sE-Selectin levels reduction after 6 months of anti-TNF-α therapy in non-diabetic patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis

Purpose: Psoriasis patients have high risk of atherosclerosis, characterized by endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to study the association of the endothelial activation biomarkers monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), soluble (s) E-selectin and P-selectin with disease activity and severity in psoriasis patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy. Also, to evaluate the relationship of metabolic syndrome features with these biomarkers and the effect of anti-TNF-α therapy on these molecules.Methods: Twenty-nine consecutive non-diabetic patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who underwent 6 months of anti-TNF-α-adalimumab therapy were studied. Metabolic and clinical evaluation was performed prior to anti-TNF-α treatment (time 0) and 6 months later. MCP-1, sE-selectin and sP-selectin serum levels were determined by ELISA.Results: Dyslipidemic and obese patients showed higher MCP-1 levels at month 6 from the onset of anti-TNF-α therapy (p = .05 and .01, respectively). sE-selectin positively correlated with pro-inflammatory molecules such as asymmetric dimethylarginine, sP-selectin and resistin at baseline and month 6 (p < .05). sE-selectin levels significantly reduced after 6 months of therapy (p = .0006).Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome features are associated with endothelial activation in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Adalimumab therapy led to a reduction in sE-selectin levels, supporting the beneficial effect of anti-TNF-α therapy on mechanisms associated with the development of atherosclerosis in psoriasis.

A functional SNP MCP-1 (−2518A/G) predispose to renal disorder in Indian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects multiple organs where exact etiology of the disease is not yet clearly understood. Various evidences suggest that genetic polymorphisms in inflammatory mediators like cytokines and chemokines may influence development of the disease. Here, we investigated whether functional polymorphism at the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) regulatory region associates with disease phenotype in Indian SLE patients. This case control study included 200 SLE patients and 201 ethnically matched healthy controls. Genotyping of MCP-1 (−2518 A/G) polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Serum MCP-1 levels were detected by bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Serum MCP-1 levels were found to be higher in patients compared with healthy individuals (p<0.0001). A significant difference for MCP-1G allele frequency (OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.4–2.6, p<0.0001) was observed among SLE patients against healthy individuals. A significant difference in the distribution of MCP-1 −2518GG (OR=3.0, 95%CI=1.4–6.7, p=0.0041) and AG+GG genotypes (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.4–3.0, p=0.0005) was also noted among SLE patients when compared with healthy individuals. A significant association was observed between A/G and G/G versus A/A genotypes with renal manifestations (p<0.0001, Pc<0.001). Serum MCP-1 levels in active LN patients were found to be significantly higher than inactive LN (p=0.0059), mild LN (p=0.0061) as well as non-LN patients (p=0.0001). These findings suggest that −2518G allele of MCP-1 −2518 A/G polymorphism is associated with renal disorders and may influence MCP-1 gene expression among Indian SLE patients.

Estimation of CCL2/MCP-1 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment – A clinico biochemical study

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in periodontal disease (PD) progression and also to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on MCP-1 concentration in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Materials and Methods: Clinical parameters including gingival index, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded for 60 subjects, who divided into four groups. Group I (healthy, n = 20), Group II (gingivitis, n = 20), Group III (chronic periodontitis, n = 20), and Group IV (after treatment group, n = 20). Scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed, and GCF and serum were collected initially and after 12 weeks of treatment. MCP-1 levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean MCP-1 concentration in GCF and serum was found to be the highest in Group III, and significantly defers from Groups I, II, and IV. The results of present study also suggest that MCP-1 levels increased progressively in GCF and serum from healthy to periodontitis subjects and levels decreased considerably after SRP. Conclusion: As the PD progresses, there is a substantial increase of MCP-1 concentrations in serum and GCF. The data indicate that high GCF and serum levels of MCP-1 are at a significantly greater risk for the progression of periodontitis. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.

Beneficial Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Trial

Objective: To determine the effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on circulatory resistin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Subjects and Methods: This was a 10-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of n-3 PUFAs (2,700 mg/day) versus placebo (soft gels containing 900 mg of edible paraffin). Forty-four T2DM patients were supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and another 44 patients received placebo (3 patients discontinued the trial). Serum resistin, MCP-1, and the lipid profile were measured before and after supplementation. The adiponectin-resistin index (1 + log₁₀ [resistin] - log₁₀ [adiponectin]) and atherogenic index (log₁₀ triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) of plasma (an indicator of cardiovascular complications) were assessed. The independent Student t test was used to assess the differences between the supplement and placebo groups and the paired t test to analyze the before/after changes. Results: In this study, n-3 PUFAs reduced serum MCP-1 levels (from 260.5 to 230.5 pg/mL; p = 0.002), but they remained unchanged in the placebo group. n-3 PUFAs could not decrease serum resistin levels. The adiponectin-resistin index was significantly reduced after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs when compared to the placebo. The atherogenic index was also significantly improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs (from 1.459 to 1.412; p = 0.006). Conclusions: The MCP-1 levels and lipid profile were improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, but resistin serum levels were not changed. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs might be mediated by targeting MCP-1.

GW27-e1046 Smoking Status-dependent Association between Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Blood Pressure

Expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are increased in atherosclerotic regions and functions as an inducer of monocyte migration to the blood vessel wall. Although serum MCP-1 levels are higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases, the precise correlations between serum

Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, stromal derived factor-1 and retinoic acid in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in rats.

Chemokines have been recently recognized to play a role in chronic pain syndromes' pathophysiology. This study investigated the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and retinoic acid (RA) as targets for the therapeutic approach of neuropathic pain. A chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain by unilateral ligation of left sciatic nerve was performed in adult female Wistar rats. The effects of doxycycline (Dox, 50 mg/kg/day i.p. for 7 days), single dose of bicyclam (5 mg/kg i.p.), RA (15 mg/kg/day i.p. for 7 days), and their combination(s) on behavioral tests of nociception (Von Frey filaments; paw pressure test) on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 of operation were studied. Serum concentrations of MCP-1 and SDF-1 were measured by ELISA. Histological examination of the sciatic nerve was investigated. CCI of sciatic nerve significantly induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia and an increase of MCP-1 and SDF-1 serum levels. Dox-treated groups (Dox, Dox+bicyclam, Dox+RA, Dox+bicyclam+RA) and bicyclam-treated groups (bicyclam, Dox+bicyclam, bicyclam+RA, Dox+bicyclam+RA) attenuated CCI-induced behavioral and biochemical changes. RA inhibited CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia but produced a time-dependent reversal of allodynia. Histological findings showed degenerative changes of sciatic nerve after CCI that were partially recovered in Dox-treated groups. These findings demonstrate an association between serum MCP-1 and SDF-1 concentrations and behavioral manifestations of neuropathic pain. RA administration decreased neuropathic pain (antihyperalgesic effect) but did not cause any improvement in sciatic nerve tissues, either alone or in combination with chemokine antagonists. Thus, chemokines may serve as potential targets for drug development in neuropathic pain treatment.

Immunometabolic biomarkers of inflammation in Behçet's disease: relationship with epidemiological profile, disease activity and therapeutic regimens.

Behcet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease with a still unclear pathogenesis. Although several inflammatory molecules have been studied, current biomarkers are largely insensitive in BD and unable to predict disease progression and response to treatment. Our primary aim was to explore serum levels of soluble CD40 L (sCD40L), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), leptin, resistin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble type 1 tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR), interleukin (IL)-6 and serum amyloid A (SAA) serum concentration in a cohort of 27 BD patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate potential correlations between the putative circulating biomarkers, demographic profile of patients, the status of disease activity, the specific organ involvement at the time of sample collection and different therapeutic regimens. Serum concentrations of sTNFR (P = 0·008), leptin (P = 0·0011), sCD40L (P < 0·0001) and IL-6 (P = 0·0154) were significantly higher in BD patients than in HC, while no difference was found in MCP-1, MPO and resistin serum levels. Moreover, we observed significantly higher sTNFR serum concentrations in BD patients presenting inactive disease than HC (P = 0·0108). A correlation between sTNFR and age was also found, with higher levels in patients over 40 years than HC (P = 0·0329). Although further research is warranted to elucidate the role of circulating biomarkers, some of that may contribute to the understanding of the physiopathology processes underlying BD activity and damage as well as to provide useful tools for prognostic purposes and a personalized treatment approach.